Influence of seismic activity on the atmospheric electric field in Lisbon (Portugal) from 1955 to 1991

In the present study, we considered the influence of seismic activity on the atmospheric electric field recorded at Portela meteorological station (Lisbon, Portugal) for the period from 1955 to 1991. To this end, an exploratory method was developed, which involved the selection of events for which the distance from the atmospheric electrical field sensor to the earthquake epicenter is smaller than the preparation radius of the event. This enabled the correlation of the atmospheric electric field variations with a quantity S, defined basically as the ratio of the earthquake preparation radius to the distance between the sensor and the event epicenter. The first results show promising perspectives, but clearly a more profound study is required, in which a careful analysis of the weather conditions and other variables, like atmospheric radon levels, must be considered

Process Mining Techniques in Internal Auditing: A Stepwise Case Study

A business process is a sequence of activities organized in a logical way in order to produce a service or a product that is valued for a particular group of customers. Process auditing in corporate environment aims to assess the degree of compliance of processes and their controls. Due to the volume of information that needs to be analyzed in an audit job, auditing´s cost can be very high. We argue that process mining techniques have the potential to improve this activity, allowing the auditor to meet the short deadlines, as well as bringing greater value to the senior management and reliability in the service provided by the audit. The goal of this paper is to discuss, through a case study, how process mining techniques can optimize and bring agility to the verification of process model compliance against the process actually performed. With this approach, it will be possible to detect errors and/or failures in activities or controls of a running process. The main contribution of this paper is to describe a simple set of steps that could be applied by auditors and experts in order to get introduced and to obtain the first insights in the process mining area

Persepsi Guru Tentang Pola Manajerial Kepala Sekolah Dan Motivasi Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri Se Kecamatan Banjarejo Kabupaten Blora Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017

This study aims to determine 1) the influence of teachers 'perceptions about the managerial patterns principals on teacher performance, 2) the influence ofmotivation of teachers on teacher performance, 3) influence teachers' perceptionsabout the principal managerial patterns and motivation of teachers on teacherperformanceThe method used in this research use descriptive research with quantitative approach.The research was conducted at SMP N 1 Banjarejo and SMP N 2 BanjarejoBlora.Technique of district data collection using questionnaires and documentation.Data analysis techniques used to test hypotheses using multiple linear regressionanalysis, partial test, test simultaneous and effective contribution, donation relatif.The conclusion of this research is 1). teachers' perceptions of managerial patternpositive influence on teacher performance obtained > , which is 2,171 >2,004 with significant value <0.05 is 0.036 with a magnitude of 29% and 9.6%effective donation . 2) motivation of teachers has a positive effect on the 2performance of teachers. Obtained > ,, which is 2,249 > 2,004 with significant value 0.029 obtained namely 3.867> 3.17 and 0.027 significance probability value <0.05. The result of the coefficient of determination ( ) 32.9% while the remaining value 67,1% influenced by other factors

Magnetic Properties of the RAuBi2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Sm) Series of Intermetallic Compounds

AbstractIn this work we report the physical properties of the series of intermetallic compounds RAuBi2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Sm) studied by means of x-ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurements. These compounds were grown using the metallic Bi self-flux technique and they crystallize in a tetragonal ZrCuSi2 (P4/nmm) structure. Our RAuBi2 single crystals show an antiferromagnetic ordering TN ≥ 2.3K for all measured compounds. The values of TN show a dramatic breakdown of the De Gennes factor along this series

Estabilidad oxidativa de aceites de soja y maíz enriquecidos con extracto hidroalcohólico de Pluchea quitoc

Soybean and corn oils are among the most popular vegetable oils, and are ingredients which are widely used in cooking and in the food industry. These oils contain many unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, which makes them easily oxidized by oxygen. Extensive efforts are being made to prevent or minimize vegetable oil oxidation through the development of antioxidants. Phenolic antioxidants which are present in some extracts can be used as food additives to prevent lipid oxidation. In this study chromatographic analyses (HPLC and GC) of the&nbsp;Pluchea quitoc&nbsp;hydroalcoholic extract were performed. The content of phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the antioxidant properties against radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) were also evaluated. The effect of samples prepared with soybean and corn oils enriched with&nbsp;Pluchea quitoc&nbsp;hydroalcoholic extract was determined and compared with samples of these oils which were free of antioxidants and with samples containing the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The results showed potential for application of the extract. A high content of phenolic compounds (314 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract) and good IC50 values were detected for the inhibition of the radicals DPPH and ABTS (13.2 µg·mL-1&nbsp;and 5.6 µg·mL-1). In the evaluation of the oxidative stability of the oils enriched with this extract, it was found that at 1% concentration it was possible to obtain values of induction period (IP) close to the samples with added BHT.Los aceites de soja y maíz se encuentran entre los aceites vegetales más populares, ingredientes ampliamente utilizados en la cocina y también en la industria alimentaria. Estos aceites contienen muchos ácidos grasos insaturados como los ácidos oleico, linoleico y linolénico que se oxidan fácilmente con el oxígeno. Se están realizando grandes esfuerzos para prevenir o minimizar la oxidación de los aceites vegetales mediante el desarrollo de antioxidantes. Los antioxidantes fenólicos presentes en algunos extractos se pueden utilizar como aditivos alimentarios para prevenir la oxidación de lípidos. En este estudio se realizó la obtención y análisis cromatográficos (HPLC y GC) del extracto hidroalcohólico de&nbsp;Pluchea quitoc. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos se evaluó por el método de Folin-Ciocalteau y las propiedades antioxidantes frente a radicales DPPH y ABTS. Se determinó el efecto de muestras preparadas con aceites de soja y maíz enriquecidas con extracto hidroalcohólico de&nbsp;Pluchea quitoc&nbsp;y se comparó con muestras de estos aceites libres de antioxidantes y con el antioxidante sintético BHT. Los resultados mostraron potencial para la aplicación del extracto. Se detectó un alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos (314 mg GAE) y buenos valores de IC50 para la inhibición de los radicales DPPH y ABTS (13.2 µg·mL-1&nbsp;y 5.6 µg·mL-1). En la evaluación de la estabilidad oxidativa de los aceites enriquecidos con este extracto, se encontró que para la concentración del 1% es posible obtener valores de período de inducción (IP) cercanos a las muestras adicionadas con BHT

Functional characterization of Val60, a key residue involved in the membrane-oligomerization of fragaceatoxin C, an actinoporin from Actinia fragacea

AbstractActinoporins are pore-forming toxins produced by different sea anemones that self-assemble within the membranes of their target cells and compromise their function as a permeability barrier. The recently published three-dimensional structures of two oligomeric complexes formed by fragaceatoxin C point to Val60 as a key residue involved in the oligomerization of the functional pore.To gain insight into the mechanism of toxin oligomerization, different point mutations have been introduced at this position. Functional characterization of the muteins suggests that Val60 represents a hot-spot where the introduction of mutations hinders protein assembly and reduces the overall affinity for membranes

Quality Of Soy Bean Seeds Under Tillage With Differe Nt Amounts Of Waste Of Black Oats, Common Vetch And For Age Turnip

Adjusting the cover crop to the agricultural system is essential to reach success during a crop introduction, since this management can influence development, productivity and produced seeds quality. For the soybean cultivar CD 202, traditional, half, and double amounts of crop waste produced by black oats, and a consortium of black oat, common vetch and forage turnip, were evaluated. Tests comprised emergence (emergency speed index (ESI) and emergence rate (ER)), development, field productivity and quality of seeds (germination percentage, accelerated aging, purity, 100-seed weight, and water content). The experimental design was of split plots and the mean values were compared through the Scott-Knott test at a 5% significance level, totaling seven treatments with five replications each. No differences were found in germination percentage, water content, and final height of plants. Some treatments differed in germination and waste use increased ESI; ER was superior for black oats and the best productivity was found under double amount of straw, on both cover crops. The seed strength decreased the under consortium, as shown by accelerated aging under the consortium. The purity of seeds was lower for black oats, decreasing with the least amount of crop waste. The 100-seed weight was lower with the double amount in oats; however, under the consortium the use of cover crop increased their weight. Thus, these species can be a good alternatives for soybean rotation on winter.384292297Bortolini, M.F., Fortes, M.T., Efeitos alelopáticos sobre a germinação de sementes de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) (2005) Semina: Ciênc. Agr., 26, pp. 5-10(2009) Indicadores da Agropecuária. Ano XVIII, No 1. Compan Hia Nacional de Abastecimento, 64p. , CONAB, Brasília, Brazil(2009) Soja CD 202. Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola, , www.coodetec.com.br/php/detalhes_cultivar.php?id=20, CIDADE?, Brazil, (Cons. 02/25/2009)Correia, N.M., Centurion, M.A.P.C., Alves, P.L.C.A., Inf luência de extratos aquosos de sorgo sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de soja (2005) Ciênc. Rural, 35, pp. 498-503Edmond, J.B., Drapalla, W.J., The effects of temperature, sana and soil, and acetone on ger mination oj ok ra seed (1958) Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 71, pp. 428-443(2000) A Cultura da Soja No Brasil, , EMBRAPA SOJA, Londrina, Brazil. CD-ROM(2005) Tecnologia da Produção da Soja. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 208p. , EMBRAPA SOJA, Londrina, Brazil(2008) Tecnologia de Produção de Soja. Região Central Do Brasil, 280p. , EMBRAPA SOJA, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Embrapa Cerrados: Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste. Londrina, BrazilFerreira, D.F., (1999) Sisvar: Sistema de Análise de Variância Para Dados Balanceados, , DEX / UFLA: Lavras, Brazil(2009) Prognóstico da Produção Agrícola Nacional, , www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/indicadores/agropecuaria/lspa/ lspa_200812-11.shtm, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, (Cons. 01/16/2009)Kubo, C.T., Produtividade de soja em plantio direto em sucessão ao trigo, aveia branca, aveia preta com e sem adubação nit rogenada (2007) Acta Sci. Agron., 29, pp. 235-240Lopes, R.A.P., Pin Heiro Neto, R., Braccini, A.L., Souza, E.G., Efeito de diferentes coberturas vegetais e sistemas de preparo do solo na produção da cultura da soja (2007) Acta Sci. Agron., 29, pp. 507-515Maguire, J.D., Seeds of germination- aid selection and evaluation seedling emergence and vigor (1962) Crop Sci., 2, pp. 176-177Marcos Filho, J., Teste de envelhecimento acelerado. Cap. 3. (1999) Seed Vigor: Concepts and Tests, pp. 1-24. , Krzyzanowski EFC, Vieira RD, Neto JBF (Eds.), Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes. Londrina, Brazil. 218 ppMarcos Filho, J., Cicero, S.M., Silva, W.R., (1987) Avaliação da Qualidade de Sementes, 230p. , FEALQ. Piracicaba, BrazilMartins, G.I., (2006) Potencial Alelopático de Plantas de Cobertura Na Germinação de Sementes e Crescimento de Plântulas de Soja. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, 42p. , Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Brazil(2009) Regras Para Análise de Sementes. 388 Mapa/ACS, 399p. , MAPA, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Brasília, BrazilNedel, J.L., Fundamentos da qualidade de sementes (2003) Sementes: Fundamentos Científicos e Tecnológicos, pp. 95-138. , Peske ST, Rosenthal MD, Rota GR (Eds.), Universidade Federal de Pelotas. BrazilNóbrega, L.H.P., Germinação de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) sob cobertura vegetal (2009) Acta Sci. Agron., 31, pp. 461-465Nunes, U.R., Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão em plantio direto sobre diferentes coberturas de plantas em Diamantina MG (2007) Ciênc. Agrotécn., 31, pp. 1737-1743Piccolo, G., (2008) Manejo de Coberturas Vegetais Na Cultura da Soja, 63p. , Thesis. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Unioeste. BrazilRice, E.L., (1974) Allelopathy, 333p. , Academic Press. New York, USA(2008) Área e Produção: Principais Culturas Do Paraná, , www.seab.pr.gov.br/, SEAB, Secretaria da Agricultura e do Abastecimento do Paraná. (Cons. 12/22/2008)Souza, C.M., Pires, F.R., (2002) Adubação Verde e Rotação de Culturas, 72p. , Universidade Federal de Viçosa. BrasilSouza Filho, A.P., Alves, S.M., Mecanismos de ação dos agentes alelopáticos (2002) Alelopatia. Princípios Básicos e Aspectos Gerais. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, pp. 132-154. , Souza Filho AP, Alves SM (Eds.), Belém, BrasilTokura, L.K., Nóbrega, L.H.P., Alelopatia de cultivos de cobertura vegetal sobre plantas infestantes (2006) Acta Sci. Agron., 28, pp. 379-38

Lateral flow immunoassay for on-site detection of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni in symptomatic field samples

[EN] Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is a quarantine pathogen and the causal agent of the bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almond, a major threat to Prunus species. Rapid and specific detection methods are essential to improve disease management, and therefore a prototype of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was designed for the detection of X. arboricola pv. pruni in symptomatic field samples. It was developed by producing polyclonal antibodies which were then combined with carbon nanoparticles and assembled on nitrocellulose strips. The specificity of the LFIA was tested against 87 X. arboricola pv. pruni strains from different countries worldwide, 47 strains of other Xanthomonas species and 14 strains representing other bacterial genera. All X. arboricola pv. pruni strains were detected and cross-reactions were observed only with four strains of X. arboricola pv. corylina, a hazelnut pathogen that does not share habitat with X. arboricola pv. pruni. The sensitivity of the LFIA was assessed with suspensions from pure cultures of three X. arboricola pv. pruni strains and with spiked leaf extracts prepared from four hosts inoculated with this pathogen (almond, apricot, Japanese plum and peach). The limit of detection observed with both pure cultures and spiked samples was 10(4) CFU ml(-1). To demonstrate the accuracy of the test, 205 samples naturally infected with X. arboricola pv. pruni and 113 samples collected from healthy plants of several different Prunus species were analyzed with the LFIA. Results were compared with those obtained by plate isolation and real time PCR and a high correlation was found among techniques. Therefore, we propose this LFIA as a screening tool that allows a rapid and reliable diagnosis of X. arboricola pv. pruni in symptomatic plants.The work was supported by the following: Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, Project RTA-2011-00140-C03-01 (http://www.inia.es), PLS MTG EMN MML; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, FPI-INIA grant (http://www.inia.es), PLS; Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo II 2014/040) (http://www.gva.es), PN RP AM; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (CTQ2013-45875R) (http://www.mineco.gob.es), PN RP AM; European Social Fund, PLS MTG EMN MML; and European Regional Development Fund, PLS MTG EMN MML.López-Soriano, P.; Noguera Murray, PS.; Gorris, MT.; Puchades, R.; Maquieira Catala, A.; Marco-Noales, E.; López, M. (2017). Lateral flow immunoassay for on-site detection of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni in symptomatic field samples. PLoS ONE. 12(4):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176201113124Tjou-Tam-Sin, N. N. A., van de Bilt, J. L. J., Bergsma-Vlami, M., Koenraadt, H., Naktuinbouw, J. W., van Doorn, J., … Martin, W. S. (2012). First Report of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in Ornamental Prunus laurocerasus in the Netherlands. Plant Disease, 96(5), 759-759. doi:10.1094/pdis-04-11-0265-pdnPothier, J. F., Vorhölter, F.-J., Blom, J., Goesmann, A., Pühler, A., Smits, T. H. M., & Duffy, B. (2011). The ubiquitous plasmid pXap41 in the invasive phytopathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: complete sequence and comparative genomic analysis. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 323(1), 52-60. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02352.xPalacio-Bielsa, A., Cubero, J., Cambra, M. A., Collados, R., Berruete, I. M., & López, M. M. (2010). Development of an Efficient Real-Time Quantitative PCR Protocol for Detection ofXanthomonas arboricolapv. pruni inPrunusSpecies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(1), 89-97. doi:10.1128/aem.01593-10Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. (2006). EPPO Bulletin, 36(1), 129-133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00925.xPagani MC. An ABC transporter protein and molecular diagnoses of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni causing bacterial spot of stone fruits. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: North Carolina State University, PhD thesis. 2004; Online, http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/bitstream/1840.16/4540/1/etd.pdfPark, S. Y., Lee, Y. S., Koh, Y. J., Hur, J.-S., & Jung, J. S. (2010). Detection of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni by PCR using primers based on DNA sequences related to the hrp genes. The Journal of Microbiology, 48(5), 554-558. doi:10.1007/s12275-010-0072-3Pothier, J. F., Pagani, M. C., Pelludat, C., Ritchie, D. F., & Duffy, B. (2011). A duplex-PCR method for species- and pathovar-level identification and detection of the quarantine plant pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 86(1), 16-24. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2011.03.019Ballard, E. L., Dietzgen, R. G., Sly, L. I., Gouk, C., Horlock, C., & Fegan, M. (2011). Development of a Bio-PCR Protocol for the Detection of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. Plant Disease, 95(9), 1109-1115. doi:10.1094/pdis-09-10-0650Boonham, N., Glover, R., Tomlinson, J., & Mumford, R. (2008). Exploiting generic platform technologies for the detection and identification of plant pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 121(3), 355-363. doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9284-3Posthuma-Trumpie, G. A., Korf, J., & van Amerongen, A. (2008). Lateral flow (immuno)assay: its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A literature survey. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 393(2), 569-582. doi:10.1007/s00216-008-2287-2De Boer, S. H., & López, M. M. (2012). New Grower-Friendly Methods for Plant Pathogen Monitoring. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 50(1), 197-218. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172942Thornton, C. R., Groenhof, A. C., Forrest, R., & Lamotte, R. (2004). A One-Step, Immunochromatographic Lateral Flow Device Specific to Rhizoctonia solani and Certain Related Species, and Its Use to Detect and Quantify R. solani in Soil. Phytopathology®, 94(3), 280-288. doi:10.1094/phyto.2004.94.3.280Lane, C. R., Hobden, E., Walker, L., Barton, V. C., Inman, A. J., Hughes, K. J. D., … Barker, I. (2007). Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic field test kit for identification of Phytophthora species, including P. ramorum and P. kernoviae at the point of inspection. Plant Pathology, 56(5), 828-835. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01615.xSafenkova, I., Zherdev, A., & Dzantiev, B. (2012). Factors influencing the detection limit of the lateral-flow sandwich immunoassay: a case study with potato virus X. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 403(6), 1595-1605. doi:10.1007/s00216-012-5985-8Safenkova, I. V., Pankratova, G. K., Zaitsev, I. A., Varitsev, Y. A., Vengerov, Y. Y., Zherdev, A. V., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2016). Multiarray on a test strip (MATS): rapid multiplex immunodetection of priority potato pathogens. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408(22), 6009-6017. doi:10.1007/s00216-016-9463-6Braun-Kiewnick, A., Altenbach, D., Oberhänsli, T., Bitterlin, W., & Duffy, B. (2011). A rapid lateral-flow immunoassay for phytosanitary detection of Erwinia amylovora and on-site fire blight diagnosis. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 87(1), 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2011.06.015Safenkova, I. V., Zaitsev, I. A., Pankratova, G. K., Varitsev, Y. A., Zherdev, A. V., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2014). Lateral flow immunoassay for rapid detection of potato ring rot caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 50(6), 675-682. doi:10.1134/s0003683814120011Hodgetts, J., Karamura, G., Johnson, G., Hall, J., Perkins, K., Beed, F., … Smith, J. (2014). Development of a lateral flow device for in-field detection and evaluation of PCR-based diagnostic methods forXanthomonas campestrispv.musacearum, the causal agent of banana xanthomonas wilt. Plant Pathology, 64(3), 559-567. doi:10.1111/ppa.12289Noguera, P., Posthuma-Trumpie, G. A., van Tuil, M., van der Wal, F. J., de Boer, A., Moers, A. P. H. A., & van Amerongen, A. (2010). Carbon nanoparticles in lateral flow methods to detect genes encoding virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 399(2), 831-838. doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4334-zCambra M, López MM. Titration of Agrobacterium radiobacter var. tumefaciens antibodies by using enzyme labeled anti-rabbit γ-globulines (ELISA indirect method). In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, ed. Station Pathologie Végétale, INRA Angers, 1978. pp: 327–331.O’Keeffe, M., Crabbe, P., Salden, M., Wichers, J., Van Peteghem, C., Kohen, F., … Moneti, G. (2003). Preliminary evaluation of a lateral flow immunoassay device for screening urine samples for the presence of sulphamethazine. Journal of Immunological Methods, 278(1-2), 117-126. doi:10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00207-2PM 7/98 (2) Specific requirements for laboratories preparing accreditation for a plant pest diagnostic activity. (2014). EPPO Bulletin, 44(2), 117-147. doi:10.1111/epp.12118Lamichhane, J. R., & Varvaro, L. (2013). Xanthomonas arboricoladisease of hazelnut: current status and future perspectives for its management. Plant Pathology, 63(2), 243-254. doi:10.1111/ppa.12152Fischer-Le Saux, M., Bonneau, S., Essakhi, S., Manceau, C., & Jacques, M.-A. (2015). Aggressive Emerging Pathovars of Xanthomonas arboricola Represent Widespread Epidemic Clones Distinct from Poorly Pathogenic Strains, as Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81(14), 4651-4668. doi:10.1128/aem.00050-15Bühlmann, A., Pothier, J. F., Tomlinson, J. A., Frey, J. E., Boonham, N., Smits, T. H. M., & Duffy, B. (2012). Genomics-informed design of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of phytopathogenicXanthomonas arboricolapv. pruniat the intraspecific level. Plant Pathology, 62(2), 475-484. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02654.xGarita-Cambronero, J., Palacio-Bielsa, A., López, M. M., & Cubero, J. (2017). Pan-Genomic Analysis Permits Differentiation of Virulent and Non-virulent Strains of Xanthomonas arboricola That Cohabit Prunus spp. and Elucidate Bacterial Virulence Factors. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00573Ghezzi, J. I., & Steck, T. R. (1999). Induction of the viable but non-culturable condition in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in liquid microcosms and sterile soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 30(3), 203-208. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.1999.tb00648.xDel Campo, R., Russi, P., Mara, P., Mara, Hã©., Peyrou, M., de León, I. P., & Gaggero, C. (2009). Xanthomonas axonopodispv.citriâ enters the VBNC state after copper treatment and retains its virulence. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 298(2), 143-148. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01709.

Multi-objective optimization of rural water supply system

[EN] Lack of water in water supply systems forces people to take risk behaviors to health, which is very common in rural water supply systems (WSS-rural). The objective of this research was to develop and apply a multi-objective optimization model for WSS-rural in the county of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The research methodology consisted of: (1) formulation of the optimization model (OM); (2) application of OM; (3) analysis of results; and (4) computer implementation of OM. To solve the problem, it was proposed and used a load loss generator part. It was found that the problem of water shortage can be solved by small operational and structural modifications. It was developed a multi-objective OM for WSS-rural based on Multi-objective Nonlinear Integer Programming technique (MONLIP) implemented in OpenOffice.org environment. The developed OM was applied to a real case with satisfactory results.[PT] A falta de água em sistemas de abastecimento de água obriga a população a assumir comportamentos de risco à saúde, o que é muito frequente em sistemas de abastecimento de água rural (SAA-rural). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver e aplicar um modelo de otimização multiobjetivo para SAA-rural no município de Cuiabá, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A metodologia de pesquisa constou de: (1) formulação do modelo de otimização (MO); (2) aplicação do MO; (3) análise de resultados; e (4) implementação computacional do MO. Para resolução do problema, foi proposta e utilizada uma peça geradora de perda de carga. Constatou-se que o problema de falta de água pode ser resolvido por meio de pequenas modificações operacionais e estruturais. Foi desenvolvido um MO multiobjetivo para SAA-rural, baseado na técnica de Programação Não Linear Inteira Multiobjetivo (PNLIMO) implementado em ambiente OpenOffice.org. 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