Perímetros de protecção de captações de águas subterrânea como ferramenta de gestão de recursos hídricos : o exemplo das Eirinhas

As águas subterrâneas constituem importantes fontes de origem de água, efectivas ou potenciais, a nível regional e local, que importa preservar. Porém, a qualidade das águas subterrâneas é susceptível de ser afectada pelas actividades sócio-económicas, designadamente pelo uso e ocupação do solo, em particular pelas áreas urbanas, infraestruturas e equipamentos, agricultura e zonas verdes. A contaminação das águas subterrâneas é, na generalidade das situações, persistente, pelo que a recuperação da qualidade destas águas é, em regra, muito lenta e difícil. A protecção das águas subterrâneas constitui, assim, um objectivo estratégico da maior importância, no quadro de um desenvolvimento equilibrado e duradouro. Neste trabalho são apresentadas duas soluções distintas, para a definição dos perímetros de protecção, para as captações das Eirinhas (Casal da Serra, São Vicente da Beira). O método do Raio Fixo e método de Wyssling. A delimitação destes perímetros de protecção permitirá o desenvolvimento sustentado dos processos naturais de diluição e de autodepuração das águas subterrâneas, possibilitando a prevenção, redução e controle de futuras descargas acidentais de poluentes. Desta forma, poder-se-à desenvolver um sistema de aviso para a protecção do sistema de abastecimento de água com origem nestas captações, em situações de poluição acidental das águas

Delimitação de perímetros de protecção para as captações das Eirinhas (Casal da Serra, concelho de Castelo Branco)

Delimitação de perímetros de protecção para as captações das Eirinhas (Casal da Serra, concelho de Castelo Branco

A Internet das coisas: revisão da literatura e questões em aberto

Este artigo visa fazer uma contextualização do conceito de Internet das Coisas (IoT), uma nova abordagem que resulta da dinamização da multipluralidade de plataformas passíveis de interligar e com os quais é possível estabelecer comunicação em rede. Estas afetam, cada vez mais, a qualidade de vida dos seus utilizadores e acabam por ter uma repercussão quotidiana na forma como estes extraem informação no meio envolvente, muitas vezes de forma invisível. No curso deste documento, também será feita uma exposição dos dispositivos de suporte que lhe estão associados, desde os microcontroladores que os operam, até aos sensores e/ou outros dispositivos, que não são mais que ferramentas que recolhem e comunicam a informação.Abstract: This paper aims to summarize and set in context the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), a new approach that results from the dynamization of the vast plurality of platforms that may be interconnected and with which it is possible to establish network communication. These platforms increasingly benefit the quality of life of their users, thus affecting the way people extract information from their surrounding environment, most often in an invisible way. Over the course of this paper, we also present a brief review of the supporting devices associated with IoT (microcontrollers, sensors, and other equipment), which are tools that gather and send data.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Production of Medical Radioisotopes with High Specific Activity in Photonuclear Reactions with γ\gamma Beams of High Intensity and Large Brilliance

We study the production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine in $(\gamma,x{\rm n}+y{\rm p})$ photonuclear reactions or ($\gamma,\gamma'$) photoexcitation reactions with high flux [($10^{13}-10^{15}$)$\gamma$/s], small diameter $\sim (100 \, \mu$m$)^2$ and small band width ($\Delta E/E \approx 10^{-3}-10^{-4}$) $\gamma$ beams produced by Compton back-scattering of laser light from relativistic brilliant electron beams. We compare them to (ion,$x$n$+ y$p) reactions with (ion=p,d,$\alpha$) from particle accelerators like cyclotrons and (n,$\gamma$) or (n,f) reactions from nuclear reactors. For photonuclear reactions with a narrow $\gamma$ beam the energy deposition in the target can be managed by using a stack of thin target foils or wires, hence avoiding direct stopping of the Compton and pair electrons (positrons). $(\gamma,\gamma')$ isomer production via specially selected $\gamma$ cascades allows to produce high specific activity in multiple excitations, where no back-pumping of the isomer to the ground state occurs. We discuss in detail many specific radioisotopes for diagnostics and therapy applications. Photonuclear reactions with $\gamma$ beams allow to produce certain radioisotopes, e.g. $^{47}$Sc, $^{44}$Ti, $^{67}$Cu, $^{103}$Pd, $^{117m}$Sn, $^{169}$Er, $^{195m}$Pt or $^{225}$Ac, with higher specific activity and/or more economically than with classical methods. This will open the way for completely new clinical applications of radioisotopes. For example $^{195m}$Pt could be used to verify the patient's response to chemotherapy with platinum compounds before a complete treatment is performed. Also innovative isotopes like $^{47}$Sc, $^{67}$Cu and $^{225}$Ac could be produced for the first time in sufficient quantities for large-scale application in targeted radionuclide therapy.Comment: submitted to Appl. Phys.

Estaquia de mirtilo nas estações do ano com ácido indolbutírico e aquecimento do substrato

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de concentrações do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e do aquecimento do substrato sobre o enraizamento de estacas caulinares das cultivares de mirtilo Bluebelle, Bluegem e Powderblue, nas quatro estações do ano. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 4x5x2 (estações x concentrações de AIB x com e sem aquecimento do substrato), com 4 repetições e 20 estacas como unidade experimental. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de estacas enraizadas, mortas, vivas e com calo, e o número e o comprimento médio de raízes. As maiores percentagens de enraizamento foram 57,1% na 'Bluegem', no verão, 30% na 'Bluebelle', na primavera, com aquecimento, e 63% na 'Powderblue', no verão, com aquecimento. O AIB na concentração de 2.000 mg L-1 aumentou o enraizamento de estacas das cultivares Bluegem e Powderblue. O aquecimento do substrato melhora o enraizamento das estacas coletadas no outono e no inverno, em todas as cultivares e, também, das estacas coletadas no verão e na primavera, na cultivar Bluebelle

Comparative Study Of β-carotene And Microencapsulated β-carotene: Evaluation Of Their Genotoxic And Antigenotoxic Effects

β-Carotene (BC) is one of the natural pigments that is most commonly added to food; however, the utilization of BC is limited due to its instability. Microencapsulation techniques are commonly used because they can protect the microencapsulated material from oxidization. Nevertheless, the properties of the encapsulated compounds must be studied. We compared the antigenotoxic potential of pure and microencapsulated β-carotene (mBC) in Wistar rats. Two doses of BC or mBC (2.5 or 5.0. mg/kg) were administered by gavage over a period of 14. days. The final gavage was followed by an injection of doxorubicin (DXR). After 24. h the animals were euthanized. The micronucleus test results showed that when both mBC and DXR were given, only the higher dose was antigenotoxic. The results of the comet assay show that when given in association with DXR, mBC had protective effects in the liver. The differences between the results obtained with BC and mBC suggest that possibly the carotenoid biodisponibility was modified by the process of microencapsulation. In conclusion, mBC does not lose its protective properties, but higher doses must be used to observe antigenotoxic effects. This is the first time that the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of a microencapsulated compound was evaluated in vivo. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.50514181424Agarwal, S., Rao, A.V., Carotenoids and chronic diseases (2000) Drug Metabol. Drug Interact., 17, pp. 189-210Alija, A.J., Bresgen, N., Sommerburg, O., Siems, W., Eckl, P.M., Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of beta-carotene breakdown products on primary rat hepatocytes (2004) Carcinogenesis, 25, pp. 827-831Arriaga-Alba, M., Rivera-Sanchez, R., Parra-Cervantes, G., Barro-Moreno, F., Flores-Paz, R., Garcia-Jimenez, E., Antimutagenesis of beta-carotene to mutations induced by quinolone on Salmonella typhimurium (2000) Arch. Med. 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Diet Carotenoid Lutein Modulates The Expression Of Genes Related To Oxygen Transporters And Decreases Dna Damage And Oxidative Stress In Mice

Lutein (LT) is a carotenoid obtained by diet and despite its antioxidant activity had been biochemically reported, few studies are available concerning its influence on the expression of antioxidant genes. The expression of 84 genes implicated in antioxidant defense was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array. DNA damage was measured by comet assay and glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were quantified as biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in mouse kidney and liver. cDDP treatment reduced concentration of GSH and increased TBARS, parameters that were ameliorated in treatment associated with LT. cDDP altered the expression of 32 genes, increasing the expression of GPx2, APC, Nqo1 and CCs. LT changed the expression of 37 genes with an induction of 13 mainly oxygen transporters. In treatments associating cDDP and LT, 30 genes had their expression changed with a increase of the same genes of the cDDP treatment alone. These results suggest that LT might act scavenging reactive species and also inducing the expression of genes related to a better antioxidant response, highlighting the improvement of oxygen transport. This improved redox state of the cell through LT treatment could be related to the antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects observed. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.70205213Anderson, D., Yu, T.W., Phillips, B.J., Schmezer, P., The effect of various antioxidants and other modifying agents on oxygen-radical-generated DNA damage in human lymphocytes in the COMET assay (1994) Mutat. 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Evaluation Of The Antihypertensive Properties Of Yellow Passion Fruit Pulp (passiflora Edulis Sims F. Flavicarpa Deg.) In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Various species of the genus Passiflora have been extensively used in traditional medicine as sedatives, anxiolytics, diuretics and analgesics. In the present study, after the identification and quantification of phytochemical compounds from yellow passion fruit pulp by liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS), its antihypertensive effect was investigated on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Additionally, the renal function, evaluated by kidney/body weight, serum creatinine, proteinuria, urinary flow, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and mutagenicity in bone marrow cells were assessed to evaluate the safety of passion fruit consumption. Yellow passion fruit pulp (5, 6 or 8 g/kg b.w.) was administered by gavage once a day for 5 consecutive days. HLPC-PDA-MS/MS analysis revealed that yellow passion fruit pulp contains phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and flavonoids. The highest dose of passion fruit pulp significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure, increased the GSH levels and decreased TBARS. There were no changes in renal function parameters or the frequency of micronuclei in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, the antihypertensive effect of yellow passion fruit pulp, at least in part, might be due to the enhancement of the antioxidant status. The exact mechanisms responsible by this effect need further investigation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.2812832Appel, K., Rose, T., Fiebich, B., Kammler, T., Hoffmann, C., Weiss, G., Modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system by Passiflora incarnata L (2011) Phytother. Res., 25, pp. 838-843Biswas, S.K., De Faria, J.B.L., Which comes first: Renal inflammation or oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats? (2007) Free Radic. Res., 41, pp. 216-224Boeira, J.M., Fenner, R., Betti, A.H., Toxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of Passiflora alata Curtis (Passifloraceae) (2010) J. 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Some aspects of protocol design including repeated treatments, integration with toxicity testing, and automated scoring (2000) Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 35, pp. 234-252Houston, M.C., The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (2010) Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis., 4, pp. 165-183Ichimura, T., Yamanaka, A., Ichiba, T., Antihypertensive effect of an extract of Passiflora edulis rind in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2006) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 70, pp. 718-721Kizhakekuttu, T.J., Widlansky, M.E., Natural antioxidants and hypertension: Promise and challenges (2010) Cardiovasc. Ther., 28, pp. e20-e32MacGregor, J.T., Heddle, J.A., Hite, M., Guidelines for the conduct of micronucleus assays in mammalian bone-marrow erythrocytes (1987) Mutat. 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In Vivo Assessment Of The Cytotoxic, Genotoxic And Antigenotoxic Potential Of Maná-cubiu (solanum Sessiliflorum Dunal) Fruit

Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal is a native shrub often found in the Amazon Forest. Its fruits, known as maná-cubiu, possess an unusual flavor and are consumed in salads and juices, mainly by the local community of Northern Brazil. Because these fruits are used in traditional medicine as hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic agents, it is important to establish whether the consumption of maná-cubiu is safe using in vivo genotoxicity tests. Here, we investigated the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of maná-cubiu for doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage using the micronucleus test and the comet assay in Wistar rats. Moreover, oxidative stress parameters were determined in the heart and liver of the animals by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. The relative expression of Ptgs2 mRNA in the livers of the animals was also determined. The tests were performed with maná-cubiu pulp (125, 250, 375 or 500. mg/kg body weight - b.w.) by gavage for 14. days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of saline or DXR (16. mg/kg b.w.) immediately after the last gavage, which occurred 24. h before euthanasia. The results showed that maná-cubiu at all tested doses had no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow cells and was not genotoxic to heart or liver cells. In addition, maná-cubiu treatments decreased DXR-induced DNA damage according to the comet assay in heart and liver cells. Reductions in micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood cells occurred at 125, 250 and 375. mg/kg b.w. doses of maná-cubiu, and the TBARS content induced by DXR was also reduced by maná-cubiu. Furthermore, maná-cubiu did not modulate the transcription of the Ptgs2 gene. In conclusion, maná-cubiu pulp fruit was not cytotoxic or genotoxic in Wistar rats, suggesting its safety for human consumption, at least considering genotoxic effects. 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Intensidade de poda na produção e na qualidade dos frutos de mirtileiro

[PT]: O mirtileiro possui frutos com alto potencial antioxidante e nutracêutico. Este potencial pode ser influenciado pela severidade da poda nas plantas, principalmente em função do impacto na produção e dos efeitos do aumento da radiação solar incidente sobre os frutos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da intensidade da poda seca sobre a produção e os atributos de qualidade dos frutos de mirtileiro das cultivares Clímax, Bluegem e Powderblue, produzidas na mesorregião de Pelotas-RS. Para tal, foi conduzido um experimento no município de Morro Redondo-RS, durante a safra de 2012/2013, sendo utilizadas as cultivares grupo >Rabbiteye>, Clímax, Bluegem e Powderblue. A poda foi realizada em três níveis de remoção de ramos: normal, média e leve, no dia 20 de julho de 2012. A intensidade de poda seca exerceu influência sobre a produção e o teor de fitoquímicos dos frutos de mirtileiros. A produção das plantas submetidas a poda leve foi maior que as submetidas a poda média e normal, sendo o mesmo observado em relação ao teor de compostos fenólicos das cvs. Bluegem e Powderblue, enquanto para o teor de antocianinas, a intensidade de poda teve efeito distinto sobre os atributos de qualidade físico-química das diferentes cultivares.[EN]: Blueberry plants possess fruit with high antioxidant and nutraceutical potential. This potential can be influenced by pruning severity, especially due to the impact in production and the effects of increased solar radiation on the fruit. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dry pruning intensity on the production and quality attributes of blueberry fruit from cultivars, Clímax, Bluegem and Powderblue, produced in the mesoregion of Pelotas, RS. For such, an experiment was conducted in Morro Redondo, RS during the growing season 2012/2013, using cultivars of the "Rabbiteye" group, Clímax, Bluegem and Powderblue. Pruning was performed at three intensity, normal, average e light levels on July 20th 2012. Dry pruning intensity influenced production and phytochemical content of blueberry fruit. The production of plants applied the light intensity pruning was higher than the production of plants applied medium and normal intensity, the same was observed in relation to the phenolic content of cv. Bluegem and Powderblue. For anthocyanin content, and other quality attributes pruning intensity had a distinct effect on the quality attributes of the different cultivars.Os autores agradecem ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (PPGA - UFPel) e ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela concessão da bolsa de Doutorado do primeiro autor.Peer Reviewe