Poor screening and nonadiabatic superconductivity in correlated systems

In this paper we investigate the role of the electronic correlation on the hole doping dependence of electron-phonon and superconducting properties of cuprates. We introduce a simple analytical expression for the one-particle Green's function in the presence of electronic correlation and we evaluate the reduction of the screening properties as the electronic correlation increases by approaching half-filling. The poor screening properties play an important role within the context of the nonadiabatic theory of superconductivity. We show that a consistent inclusion of the reduced screening properties in the nonadiabatic theory can account in a natural way for the $T_c$-$\delta$ phase diagram of cuprates. Experimental evidences are also discussed.Comment: 12 Pages, 6 Figures, Accepted on Physical Review

Anisotropic optical properties of single-crystal GdBa2Cu3O7-delta

The optical spectrum of reduced-T(c) GdBa2Cu3O7-delta has been measured for polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the ab plane. The sample was an oxygen-deficient single crystal with a large face containing the c axis. The polarized reflectance from this face was measured from 20-300 K in the spectral region from 30-3000 cm-1, with 300 K data to 30 000 cm-1. Kramers-Kronig analysis was used to determine the spectral dependence of the ab and the c components of the dielectric tensor. The optical properties are strongly anisotropic. The ab-plane response resembles that of other reduced-T(c) materials whereas the c axis, in contrast, shows only the presence of several phonons. There is a complete absence of charge carrier response along c above and below T(c). This observation allows us to set an upper limit to the free-carrier spectral weight for transport perpendicular to the CuO2 planes

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

A stratigraphic evaluation of Ettingshausen's New England Tertiary plant localities

Published online: 09 May 2007Recent work on Australian Tertiary macrofloras has highlighted the importance of the writings of early workers such as Ettingshausen and Deane; placing their localities in a modern stratigraphic context is an important preliminary to further work. The setting of these localities in New England is examined, and age constraints obtained from palynological and isotope studies are used to provide controls on the stratigraphy. A correlation table of Tertiary volcanic stratigraphy in the most significant areas is provided.J. W. Pickett, N. Smithb, P. M. Bishop, R. S. Hill, M. K. Macphail and W. B. K. Holme

Heterogeneity decreases as time since fire increases in a South American grassland

Questions: Disturbances change the fundamental properties of grasslands on different spatio-temporal scales. Uruguay is part of the Río de la Plata grasslands, and 60% is occupied by native grasslands dominated by perennial species. In plant communities dominated by tall tussock grasses, patchy and asynchronous field burns are a traditional practice among ranchers. We asked: how do the structural characteristics of vegetation vary in patches with different time since the last fire? Location: Grassland of the Eastern Hills, Uruguay. Methods: We selected 18 grazed sites in order to obtain a spatial chronosequence with four age categories since the last fire: 6, 18, 30, and more than 60 months before sampling. Plant composition, species richness, coverage of each species, bare soil, and standing dead biomass were determined in plots of 25 m2. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and the multiresponse permutation procedure (MRPP) to determine differences in community composition, and the ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test to compare structural variables between patches of different burning ages. Results: Patches of different burning age had different species compositions. Species richness, Shannon diversity index, evenness, and bare soil decreased, whereas plant coverage, standing dead biomass, and vegetation strata increased as time since the last fire increased. Conclusions: Our study confirmed occasional and localized field-burns as major driver of vegetation change and structural diversity in a grazed native grassland dominated by a tall tussock grass. On a larger scale, we observed the coexistence of patches in different successional stages and differences in species composition between patches belonging to early stages. These grasslands require asynchronous burning of patches to generate structural changes that maximize both the spatial and temporal heterogeneity.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e InnovaciónComisión Sectorial de Investigación CientíficaInstituto Nacional de Investigación AgropecuariaComisión Académica de PosgradoInter-American Institute for Global Change Researc