Chirurgische Therapiestrategien beim Ösophagus- und Magenkarzinom

Zusammenfassung: Diese Übersichtsarbeit hat zum Ziel, die aktuellen chirurgischen Strategien bei der Behandlung des Ösophagus- und Magenkarzinoms zusammenzufassen. Neben den etablierten Standardverfahren wird auf die limitierten Resektionen bei Frühkarzinomen und den Stellenwert der Chirurgie im multimodalen Behandlungskonzept bei lokal fortgeschrittenen T3/4-Tumoren eingegangen. Das Plattenepithelkarzinom und das Adenokarzinom (Barrett-Karzinom) der Speiseröhre werden aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Pathogenese und Tumorbiologie sowie differenzierter unterschiedlicher Vorgehensweisen separat dargestellt. Aufgrund der überwiegend distalen Lokalisation der Barrett-Karzinome ist eine Abgrenzung zu den echten Kardiakarzinomen und Tumoren, die im Magen ihren Ursprung nehmen und die distale Speiseröhre infiltrieren, erforderlich. Basierend auf der Klassifikation nach Siewert wird das Barrett-Karzinom deshalb zusammen mit den so genannten Adenokarzinomen des ösophagogastralen Übergangs (AEG) behandelt. Für die Weiterentwicklung der chirurgischen Therapiestrategien beim Magenkarzinom haben sich die asiatischen, insbesondere japanischen und südkoreanischen Kollegen große Verdienste erworben. Moderne, dort entwickelte, aber noch nicht in der westlichen Welt etablierte Strategien werden neben den Standardverfahren gebührend berücksichtigt. Für alle diese Tumoren gilt, dass die chirurgische Therapie ein elementarer Bestandteil im Rahmen eines kurativen Behandlungskonzepts ist. Sie ist aber differenzierter und Teil eines komplexen interdisziplinären Algorithmus; deshalb ist eine weitere Spezialisierung zum Wohle der Patienten ratsa

Collision Detection and Administration Methods for Many Particles with Different Sizes

This paper deals with the calculation of the motion and the adminis-tration of the contacts for systems with many colliding bodies of round shape and possibly large size-differences. Both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) cases are investigated, while the efficiency of the employed algorithms is compared. For the integration of the equations of motion, standard methods are used, but to reduce the effort for collision detection, more sophisticated administration algorithms for the neighbor-hood search are prosented. Especially for large systems with many parti-cles and a wide, polydisperse size distribution, this is a challenge. Three methods, the Verlet-Neighbor List (VL), the Linked Cell (LC) method, and the Linked Linear List (LLL), are discussed and compared for 2D and 3D. Only LLL performs well for strongly different particle sizes

Density Effect on Hadronization of a Quark Plasma

The hadronization cross section in a quark plasma at finite temperature and density is calculated in the framework of Nambu--Jona-lasinio model with explicit chiral symmetry breaking. In apposition to the familiar temperature effect, the quark plasma at high density begins to hadronize suddenly. It leads to a sudden and strong increase of final state pions in relativistic heavy ion collisions which may be considered as a clear signature of chiral symmetry restoration.Comment: Latex2e, 11 pages, 7 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Determination of pharmacological interactions of uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative, with amitriptyline, clonidine and morphine by isobolographic analysis

AbstractUliginosin B is a natural phloroglucinol derivative, obtained from Hypericum species native to South America. Previous studies have shown that uliginosin B presents antidepressant-like and antinociceptive effects. Although its mechanism of action is still not completely elucidated, it is known that it involves the activation of monoaminergic neurotransmission. The aim of the current study was to further investigate the antinociceptive mechanism of action of uliginosin B by combining it with different drugs used for treating pain in clinical practice. The intraperitoneal administration of uliginosin B, morphine, amitriptyline and clonidine, alone or in mixture, produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate assay in mice. The effect of the mixtures of drugs was studied using an adapted isobologram analysis at the effect level of 50% of the maximal effect observed. The analysis showed that the interactions between uliginosin B and morphine was synergistic, while the interactions between uliginosin B and amitriptyline or clonidine were additive. These findings point to uliginosin B as a potential adjuvant for pain pharmacotherapy, especially for opioid analgesia

Antidepressant-like effect of Valeriana glechomifolia Meyer (Valerianaceae) in mice

AbstractThe antidepressant-like effect of a supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) Valeriana glechomifolia extract enriched in valepotriates was investigated in a mice tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). The SCCO2 extract decreased mice immobility in the FST (0.5–20mg/kg p.o.) and elicited a biphasic dose–response relationship in the TST (1–20mg/kg p.o.) with no alterations in locomotor activity and motor coordination (assessed in the open-field and rota-rod tests, respectively). The anti-immobility effect of the SCCO2 extract (5mg/kg, p.o.) was prevented by mice pre-treatment with yohimbine (1mg/kg, i.p., an α2 adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH 23390 (15μg/kg, s.c., D1 dopamine receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (50mg/kg, i.p., D2 dopamine receptor antagonist). However, mice pre-treatments with prazosin (1mg/kg, i.p., α1 adrenoceptor antagonist) and p-chlorophenilalanine methyl ester (4×100mg/kg/day, i.p., a serotonin synthesis inhibitor) were not able to block the anti-immobility effect of the SCCO2 extract. Administration (p.o.) of the SCCO2 extract (0.25mg/kg) and imipramine (10mg/kg), desipramine (5mg/kg) and bupropion (3mg/kg) at sub-effective doses significantly reduced mice immobility time in the FST. These data provide the first evidence of the antidepressant-like activity of V. glechomifolia valepotriates, which is due to an interaction with dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission

Uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative with antidepressant-like activity, increases Na+,K+-ATPase activity in mice cerebral cortex

AbstractUliginosin B, a phloroglucinol isolated from Hypericum polyanthemum Klotzsch ex Reichardt, Hypericaceae, has antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in rodents and inhibits monoamines neuronal reuptake without binding to their neuronal carriers. Studies showed the involvement of Na+,K+-ATPase brain activity in depressive disorders, as well as the dependence of neuronal monoamine transport from Na+ gradient generated by Na+,K+-ATPase. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of uliginosin B on Na+,K+-ATPase activity in mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus (1 and 3h after the last administration) as well as the influence of veratrine, a Na+ channel opener, on the antidepressant-like effect of uliginosin B. Mice were treated (p.o.) with uliginosin B single (10mg/kg) or repeated doses (10mg/kg/day, 3 days). Acute administration reduced the immobility in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test and increased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in cerebral cortex 1h after treating, whereas the repeated treatment induced the antidepressant-like effect and increased the Na+,K+-ATPase activity at both times evaluated. None treatment affected the hippocampus enzyme activity. Veratrine pretreatment prevented uliginosin B antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test, suggesting the involvement of Na+ balance regulation on this effect. Altogether, these data indicate that uliginosin B reduces the monoamine uptake by altering Na+ gradient

Magnetic Field Structures in a Facular Region Observed by THEMIS and Hinode

The main objective of this paper is to build and compare vector magnetic maps obtained by two spectral polarimeters, i.e. THEMIS/MTR and Hinode SOT/SP, using two inversion codes (UNNOFIT and MELANIE) based on the Milne-Eddington solar atmosphere model. To this end, we used observations of a facular region within active region NOAA 10996 on 23 May 2008, and found consistent results concerning the field strength, azimuth and inclination distributions. Because SOT/SP is free from the seeing effect and has better spatial resolution, we were able to resolve small magnetic polarities with sizes of 1" to 2", and we could detect strong horizontal magnetic fields, which converge or diverge in negative or positive facular polarities. These findings support models which suggest the existence of small vertical flux tube bundles in faculae. A new method is proposed to get the relative formation heights of the multi-lines observed by MTR assuming the validity of a flux tube model for the faculae. We found that the Fe 1 6302.5 \AA line forms at a greater atmospheric height than the Fe 1 5250.2 \AA line.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Solar Physic

Neutron star properties in the quark-meson coupling model

The effects of internal quark structure of baryons on the composition and structure of neutron star matter with hyperons are investigated in the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. The QMC model is based on mean-field description of nonoverlapping spherical bags bound by self-consistent exchange of scalar and vector mesons. The predictions of this model are compared with quantum hadrodynamic (QHD) model calibrated to reproduce identical nuclear matter saturation properties. By employing a density dependent bag constant through direct coupling to the scalar field, the QMC model is found to exhibit identical properties as QHD near saturation density. Furthermore, this modified QMC model provides well-behaved and continuous solutions at high densities relevant to the core of neutron stars. Two additional strange mesons are introduced which couple only to the strange quark in the QMC model and to the hyperons in the QHD model. The constitution and structure of stars with hyperons in the QMC and QHD models reveal interesting differences. This suggests the importance of quark structure effects in the baryons at high densities.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Physical Review