24 research outputs found
NLTE wind models of hot subdwarf stars
We calculate NLTE models of stellar winds of hot compact stars (central stars
of planetary nebulae and subdwarf stars). The studied range of subdwarf
parameters is selected to cover a large part of these stars. The models predict
the wind hydrodynamical structure and provide mass-loss rates for different
abundances. Our models show that CNO elements are important drivers of subdwarf
winds, especially for low-luminosity stars. We study the effect of X-rays and
instabilities on these winds. Due to the line-driven wind instability, a
significant part of the wind could be very hot.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science. The final
publication will be available at springerlink.com
LB01: Cell Salvage during Caesarean Section: A Randomised Controlled Trial (The SALVO Trial)
Objective
Excessive haemorrhage at caesarean section requires the use of donor (allogeneic) blood transfusion. The SALVO trial assessed whether the routine use of cell salvage during caesarean section can reduce the need for donor blood transfusion.
Study Design
We conducted a randomised controlled trial (26 UK obstetric units; June 2013 through April 2016) of routine cell salvage use (intervention) vs. current standard of care without routine salvage use (control) in caesarean section among women at risk of haemorrhage. We used multivariable models, adjusting for stratification variables and prognostic factors identified a priori, to compare rates of donor blood transfusion (primary outcome) and fetomaternal haemorrhage ≥2ml in RhD-negative women with RhD-positive baby (one of the secondary outcomes) between groups.
Results
Of 3028 women randomised, 2990 were analysed (after exclusions for vaginal delivery or hospital transfer after randomisation). Of 1498 assigned to intervention, 95.6% had cell salvage deployed (50.8% had salvaged blood returned; mean 259.9 ml) vs. 3.9% of 1492 assigned to control. Donor blood transfusion rates were lower in the intervention group than in control (2.5% vs. 3.5%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42 to 1.01). No case of amniotic fluid embolism was observed. Fetomaternal haemorrhage was higher with intervention vs. control (25.6% vs. 10.5%, adjusted OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.43 to 22.14).
Conclusion
There was modest evidence for an effect of routine use of cell salvage during caesarean section on donor blood transfusion. The increased fetomaternal haemorrhage emphasises the need for adherence to guidance on anti-D prophylaxis and for research on risks of alloimmunisation to RhD and other red cell antigens following cell salvage. (Funder: UK National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme, ISRCTN66118656)
Abundances of the elements in the solar system
A review of the abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements and
their nuclides in the solar nebula and in chondritic meteorites. Abundances of
the elements in some neighboring stars are also discussed.Comment: 42 pages, 11 tables, 8 figures, chapter, In Landolt- B\"ornstein, New
Series, Vol. VI/4B, Chap. 4.4, J.E. Tr\"umper (ed.), Berlin, Heidelberg, New
York: Springer-Verlag, p. 560-63
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) drives insulin resistance and cognitive deficiencies in a senescence accelerated mouse model
It has been established that ageing is the major risk factor for cognitive deficiency and it is becoming increasingly
evident that insulin resistance is another factor. Biological plausibility for a link between insulin resistance and
dementia is relevant for understanding disease etiology, and to form bases for prevention efforts to decrease
disease burden. In the present study, peripheral and central insulin resistance was found in SAMP8 mice (aging
mouse model) accompanied by cognitive deficiencies. Furthermore, a marked peripheral inflammatory state was
observed in SAMP8 mice, followed by neuroinflammation that could be due to a higher cytokine leaking into the
brain across an aging-disrupted blood brain barrier. Moreover, aging-induced gut dysbiosis produces higher
TMAO that could also contribute to the peripheral and central inflammatory tone as well as to the cognitive
deficiencies observed in SAMP8 mice. All those alterations were reversed by DMB, a treatment that decreases
TMAO levels. Data obtained from this project suggest that microbial dysbiosis and increased TMAO secretion
could be a key link between aging, insulin resistance and dementia. Thus, pharmacological intervention that
leads to decreased TMAO levels, such as DMB, could open a new avenue for the future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) drives insulin resistance and cognitive deficiencies in a senescence accelerated mouse model
It has been established that ageing is the major risk factor for cognitive deficiency and it is becoming increasingly
evident that insulin resistance is another factor. Biological plausibility for a link between insulin resistance and
dementia is relevant for understanding disease etiology, and to form bases for prevention efforts to decrease
disease burden. In the present study, peripheral and central insulin resistance was found in SAMP8 mice (aging
mouse model) accompanied by cognitive deficiencies. Furthermore, a marked peripheral inflammatory state was
observed in SAMP8 mice, followed by neuroinflammation that could be due to a higher cytokine leaking into the
brain across an aging-disrupted blood brain barrier. Moreover, aging-induced gut dysbiosis produces higher
TMAO that could also contribute to the peripheral and central inflammatory tone as well as to the cognitive
deficiencies observed in SAMP8 mice. All those alterations were reversed by DMB, a treatment that decreases
TMAO levels. Data obtained from this project suggest that microbial dysbiosis and increased TMAO secretion
could be a key link between aging, insulin resistance and dementia. Thus, pharmacological intervention that
leads to decreased TMAO levels, such as DMB, could open a new avenue for the future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Hard X-Ray-selected AGNs in Low-mass Galaxies from the NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey
We present a sample of 10 low-mass active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the 40-month NuSTAR serendipitous survey. The sample is selected to have robust NuSTAR detections at 3−24~keV, to be at z10 keV) X-ray selected low-mass AGN sample size is still limited, our results show that sensitive NuSTAR observations are capable of probing faint hard X-ray emission originating from the nuclei of low-mass galaxies out to moderate redshift (z<0.3), thus providing a critical step in understanding AGN demographics in low-mass galaxies