An integrative framework of information as both objective and subjective

We present a model of information that integrates two competing perspectives of information by emulating the Chinese philosophy of yin-yang. The model embraces the two key dimensions of information that exist harmoniously: information as (1) objective and veridical representations in the world (information as object) and (2) socially constructed interpretations that are a result of contextual influences (information as subject). We argue that these two facets of information cocreate information as a unified system and complement one another through two processes, which we denote as forming and informing. While the information literature has historically treated these objective and subjective identities of information as incompatible, we argue that they are mutually relevant and that our understanding of one actually enhances our understanding of the other

Tracking Control of Vertical Pneumatic Artificial Muscle System Using PID

The advantages of pneumatic system such as compactness, high power to weight ratio, ease of maintenance, cleanliness and inherent safety led to the development of McKibben muscle and pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). However, the air compressibility and the lack of damping ability of PAM bring dynamic delay to the pressure response and causes oscillatory motion to occur. It is not easy to realize the motion with high accuracy and high speed due to all the non-linear characteristics of pneumatic system. In this paper, we present a vertical PAM system with a simple PID controller to control the motion of the PAM. The experiment setup is explained and Ziegler Nichols tuning method is used in getting the approximation PID parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated through experiments

MAQASID SYARI’AH SA’ID AL-ASYMAWI

Benefit as the core of maqâshid al-syarî‘ah, has an important role in determining Islamic law. Because Islamic law was revealed to have the goal to realize the benefit of the people both in the world and the hereafter. Thus actually maqashid al-syarî‘ah has a very close relationship with the istinbath method of law, in other words that each istinbath method of law is based on benefit. The methods used by the ulama in exploring the benefit are of two kinds namely: First the ta'liîlî method (substantive analysis method) which includes qiyas and istihsân. The two istishlâhî methods (the method of benefit analysis) which include al-mashahah al-mursalah and al-dharî'ah both the categories of sadd al-dzarî'ah and fath al-dzarî'ah

CP violation in J/ψ→ΛΛˉJ/\psi \rightarrow \Lambda \bar \Lambda

We study CP violation in $J/\psi \rightarrow \Lambda \bar{\Lambda}$ decay. This decay provides a good place to look for CP violation. Some observables are very sensitive to the $\Lambda$ electric dipole moment $d_\Lambda$ and therefore can be used to improve the experimental upper bound on $d_\Lambda$. CP violations in the lepton pair decays of $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ are also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex, UM-P-92/113, OZ-92/3

Strain‐Promoted Cycloadditions in Lipid Bilayers Triggered by Liposome Fusion

Due to the variety of roles served by the cell membrane, its composition and structure are complex, making it difficult to study. Bioorthogonal reactions, such as the strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), are powerful tools for exploring the function of biomolecules in their native environment but have been largely unexplored within the context of lipid bilayers. Here, we developed a new approach to study the SPAAC reaction in liposomal membranes using azide- and strained alkyne-functionalized Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) dye pairs. This study represents the first characterization of the SPAAC reaction between diffusing molecules inside liposomal membranes. Potential applications of this work include in situ bioorthogonal labeling of membrane proteins, improved understanding of membrane dynamics and fluidity, and the generation of new probes for biosensing assays

Influence of microwave fields on the electron transport through a quantum dot in the presence of a direct tunneling between leads

We consider the time-dependent electron transport through a quantum dot coupled to two leads in the presence of the additional over-dot (bridge) tunneling channel. By using the evolution operator method together with the wide-band limit approximation we derived the analytical formulaes for the quantum dot charge and current flowing in the system. The influence of the external microwave field on the time-average quantum dot charge, the current and the derivatives of the average current with respect to the gate and source-drain voltages has been investigated for a wide range of parameters.Comment: 28 Pages, 11 Postscript figure

Leptogenesis and dark matter unified in a non-SUSY model for neutrino masses

We propose a unified explanation for the origin of dark matter and baryon number asymmetry on the basis of a non-supersymmetric model for neutrino masses. Neutrino masses are generated in two distinct ways, that is, a tree-level seesaw mechanism with a single right-handed neutrino, and one-loop radiative effects by a new additional doublet scalar. A spontaneously broken U(1)$^\prime$ brings a $Z_2$ symmetry which restricts couplings of this new scalar and controls the neutrino masses. It also guarantees the stability of a CDM candidate. We examine two possible candidate for the CDM. We also show that the decay of a heavy right-handed neutrino related to the seesaw mechanism can generate baryon number asymmetry through leptogenesis.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, extended version for publication, references adde

Phenomenological Tests of Supersymmetric A_4 Family Symmetry Model of Neutrino Mass

Recently Babu, Ma and Valle proposed a model of quark and lepton mixing based on $A_4$ symmetry. Within this model the lepton and slepton mixings are intimately related. We perform a numerical study in order to derive the slepton masses and mixings in agreement with present data from neutrino physics. We show that, starting from three-fold degeneracy of the neutrino masses at a high energy scale, a viable low energy neutrino mass matrix can indeed be obtained in agreement with constraints on lepton flavour violating $\mu$ and $\tau$ decays. The resulting slepton spectrum must necessarily include at least one mass below 200 GeV which can be produced at the LHC. The predictions for the absolute Majorana neutrino mass scale $m_0 \geq 0.3$ eV ensure that the model will be tested by future cosmological tests and $\beta\beta_{0\nu}$ searches. Rates for lepton flavour violating processes $\ell_j \to \ell_i + \gamma$ in the range of sensitivity of current experiments are typical in the model, with BR(\mu \to e \gamma) \gsim 10^{-15} and the lower bound BR$(\tau \to \mu \gamma) > 10^{-9}$. To first approximation, the model leads to maximal leptonic CP violation in neutrino oscillations.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure

Deep object tracking with shrinkage loss

Date of publication 30 Nov. 2020; date of current version 1 Apr. 2022.In this paper, we address the issue of data imbalance in learning deep models for visual object tracking. Although it is well known that data distribution plays a crucial role in learning and inference models, considerably less attention has been paid to data imbalance in visual tracking. For the deep regression trackers that directly learn a dense mapping from input images of target objects to soft response maps, we identify their performance is limited by the extremely imbalanced pixel-to-pixel differences when computing regression loss. This prevents existing end-to-end learnable deep regression trackers from performing as well as discriminative correlation filters (DCFs) trackers. For the deep classification trackers that draw positive and negative samples to learn discriminative classifiers, there exists heavy class imbalance due to a limited number of positive samples when compared to the number of negative samples. To balance training data, we propose a novel shrinkage loss to penalize the importance of easy training data mostly coming from the background, which facilitates both deep regression and classification trackers to better distinguish target objects from the background. We extensively validate the proposed shrinkage loss function on six benchmark datasets, including the OTB-2013, OTB-2015, UAV-123, VOT-2016, VOT-2018 and LaSOT. Equipped with our shrinkage loss, the proposed one-stage deep regression tracker achieves favorable results against state-of-the-art methods, especially in comparison with DCFs trackers. Meanwhile, our shrinkage loss generalizes well to deep classification trackers. When replacing the original binary cross entropy loss with our shrinkage loss, three representative baseline trackers achieve large performance gains, even setting new state-of-the-art results.Xiankai Lu, Chao Ma, Jianbing Shen, Xiaokang Yang, Ian Reid, Ming-Hsuan Yan

Observational constraints on Rastall's cosmology

Rastall's theory is a modification of General Relativity, based on the non-conservation of the stress-energy tensor. The latter is encoded in a parameter $\gamma$ such that $\gamma = 1$ restores the usual $\nabla_\nu T^{\mu\nu} = 0$ law. We test Rastall's theory in cosmology, on a flat Robertson-Walker metric, investigating a two-fluid model and using the type Ia supernovae Constitution dataset. One of the fluids is pressureless and obeys the usual conservation law, whereas the other is described by an equation of state $p_x = w_x\rho_x$, with $w_x$ constant. The Bayesian analysis of the Constitution set does not strictly constrain the parameter $\gamma$ and prefers values of $w_x$ close to -1. We then address the evolution of small perturbations and show that they are dramatically unstable if $w_x \neq -1$ and $\gamma \neq 1$, i.e. General Relativity is the favored configuration. The only alternative is $w_x = -1$, for which the dynamics becomes independent from $\gamma$.Comment: Latex file, 14 pages, 6 figures in eps format. Substantial modifications performed, main conclusions change