New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

Filoviruses, the members of the family Filoviridae, are currently classified into one proposed and five established genera (Supplementary Table 1). Of the twelve described filoviruses, six have been identified as aetiological agents of naturally occurring human disease outbreaks

Neurological and psychiatric manifestations of post Ebola syndrome in Sierra Leone

No abstract available

Analysis of damping in particle-reinforced superplastic zinc composites

The damping behavior of superplastic zinc (SPZ) participate composites with up to 42.5 vol pet spherical TiC particles (3 /im in diameter) was studied in the 25 °C to 330 °C temperature range using a low frequency torsion pendulum. The observed damping at room temperature was modeled as a combination of a diffusion-controlled dislocation relaxation and a grain boundary relaxation. Addition of TiC produced a lower dislocation damping contribution at room temperature, but this loss was offset by an increased contribution from the grain boundary relaxation. An increase in the elastic modulus was also observed for the composite. The validity of a theoretical model for predicting changes in the grain boundary relaxation peak temperature resulting from the introduction of large nondeforming particles was tested. This study demonstrates that grain sliding in SPZ alloys occurs by cooperative sliding of grain clusters containing three to five grains. The activation energy for this process was found to be 111 kJ/mole (1.15 eV), which is in agreement with previously published values for grain sliding in SPZ. A second internal friction peak at a temperature just below the eutectoid transformation temperature was also observed and this peak was associated with recrystallization

Myxomycetes occurring on Cecropia adenopus (Cecropiaceae) in fragments of Atlantic Rainforest Myxomycetes ocorrentes em Cecropia adenopus (Cecropiaceae) em fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica

Cecropia adenopus (Ambay pumpwood) is a frequent native species on the edges of woods and clearings and is considered a pioneer species in re-colonized areas. Despite its distribution from Mexico to Argentina, this substrate has never been examined in detail regarding the presence of Myxomycetes. In the present study, the myxobiota associated with leaf debris of C. adenopus was investigated in two Atlantic Rainforest conservation units located in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. Five specimens and one plasmodium were obtained directly from the field and 87 were developed in 43.7% of 200 moist-chamber cultures set up separately with blades and petioles. Fifteen species were identified and illustrated. The two predominant groups were representatives of Trichiales and Physarales. Didymium columella-cavum was recorded for the second time in Brazil and in the world.<br>Cecropia adenopus (embaúba) é uma espécie nativa, frequente em bordas de matas e clareiras e tida como espécie pioneira em áreas recolonizadas. Apesar de ocorrer desde o México até a Argentina este substrato nunca tinha sido examinado com detalhe quanto à presença de Myxomycetes. No presente estudo, a mixobiota associada a folhas mortas de C. adenopus foi investigada em duas Unidades de Conservação da Floresta Atlântica, situadas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Cinco espécimes e um plasmódio foram obtidos diretamente no campo e 87 desenvolveram-se em 43,7% de 200 câmaras-úmidas, montadas com lâminas foliares e pecíolos separadamente. Quinze espécies de Myxomycetes foram identificadas e ilustradas. Os dois grupos predominantes pertencem às ordens Trichiales e Physarales. Didymium columella-cavum foi encontrado pela segunda vez no Brasil e no mundo

Old World camels in a modern world - a balancing act between conservation and genetic improvement

International audienceOld World camels have served humans in cross-continental caravans, transporting people and goods, connecting different cultures and providing milk, meat, wool and draught since their domestication around 3000-6000 years ago. In a world of modern transport and fast connectivity, these beasts of burden seem to be out-dated. However, a growing demand for sustainable milk and meat production, especially in countries affected by climate change and increasing desertification, brings dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) back onstage and into the focus of animal breeders and scientists. In this review on the molecular genetics of these economically important species we give an overview about the evolutionary history, domestication and dispersal of Old World camels, whereas highlighting the need for conservation of wild two-humped camels (Camelus ferus) as an evolutionarily unique and highly endangered species. We provide cutting-edge information on the current molecular resources and on-going sequencing projects. We cannot emphasise enough the importance of balancing the need for improving camel production traits with maintaining the genetic diversity in two domestic species with specific physiological adaptation to a desert environment