881 research outputs found
Effect of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Repeated Cycling Time Trial Performance
Abstract: New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract increased 16.1 km cycling time trial performance.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of NZBC extract on 2 Ă 4 km time trial
performance. Ten male cyclists (age: 30 ± 12 years, body mass: 74 ± 9 kg, height: 179 ± 7 cm, body
fat: 11 ± 3%, VË O2max: 55 ± 7 mL·kgâ1·minâ1, mean ± SD) volunteered. Participants were
familiarized with the time trials. Participants consumed capsulated NZBC extract (300 mg·dayâ1
CurraNZâą; containing 105 mg anthocyanin) or placebo for seven days (double blind, randomised,
cross-over design, wash-out at least seven days) before 2 Ă 4 km time trials (10 min active
self-paced recovery between trials) (SRM ergometer, SRM International, Germany). Heart rate was
recorded and blood lactate sampled immediately after each trial and 8 min into recovery between the
trials. Times over comparable one km distances in each 4 km time trial were similar. No effect was
observed for the time to complete the first (placebo: 380 ± 28 s, NZBC: 377 ± 27 s) and second 4 km
of cycling (placebo: 391 ± 32 s, NZBC: 387 ± 30 s), within both groups the second 4 km times slower
by 11 ± 8 s and 11 ± 9 s for placebo and NZBC, respectively. However, the total time of the two 4
km cycling trials was 0.82% faster with NZBC extract (placebo: 771 ± 60 s, NZBC 764 ± 56 s, p =
0.034) with seven participants having faster total times. There was no effect of NZBC on heart rate
and lactate values at identical time points. New Zealand blackcurrant extract seems to be
beneficial in repeated
short-distance cycling time trials for overall performance
An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy study on the Îł-irradiation sterilization of the pharmaceutical excipient l-histidine: Regeneration of the radicals in solution
The effects of Îł-radiation sterilization on the parenteral excipient L-histidine were analysed by means of EPR spectroscopy. The irradiation process was found to induce the formation of a deamination radical which was persistent in the solid state. The nature and reactivity of the radicals following dissolution in water was evaluated using spin-trapping EPR experiments. The deamination radical was found to regenerate in solution in the presence of trace metals, potentially leading to radical induced degradation reactions occurring up to an hour after the dissolution process. Understanding this process is significant for the improved design of parental pharmaceutical formulations in which unwanted radical reactions after Îł radiation sterilization could lead to degradation of active ingredients
Modelling the habitat of the endangered Carpentarian Grasswren (Amytornis dorotheae): The importance of spatio-temporal habitat availability in a fire prone landscape
Species distribution modelling (SDM), a tool increasingly adopted to quantify geographic range size, often predicts speciesâ distributions as static. However, habitat availability may exhibit spatial and temporal variation when dynamic processes, such as fire, determine suitability. Static SDM approaches may not satisfactorily represent this dynamic process. We investigated the potential use of SDM to quantify dynamic habitat availability by applying the MaxEnt SDM technique to model the habitat of the Carpentarian Grasswren (Amytornis dorotheae), an endangered Australian passerine dependent on long unburnt vegetation in a fire prone system. By adjusting a typical SDM approach to incorporate the dynamic nature of fire, we modelled the spatio-temporal variation of suitable habitat over 12 years and compared it to a static modelling approach. Incorporating fire as a dynamic process increased the importance of the fire variable to models (from 35% permutation importance) and improved model performance, as evaluated by the AUC using cross-validation. Our dynamic model revealed sizeable temporal variation in the area and spatial arrangement of suitable habitat that was not apparent in the static model. This result may partly solve the mystery of why the species occurs as widely separated populations despite the presence of seemingly suitable intervening habitat. In areas where the species is no longer found, habitat availability was less consistent due to frequent fire, and fire refugia was more limited and isolated, when compared to sites with recent records. These results demonstrate that, when compared to a static approach, a dynamic SDM approach can lead to improved understanding of dynamic ecological processes, and their impact on a species
Fermi Surface Measurements on the Low Carrier Density Ferromagnet Ca1-xLaxB6 and SrB6
Recently it has been discovered that weak ferromagnetism of a dilute 3D
electron gas develops on the energy scale of the Fermi temperature in some of
the hexaborides; that is, the Curie temperature approximately equals the Fermi
temperature. We report the results of de Haas-van Alphen experiments on two
concentrations of La-doped CaB6 as well as Ca-deficient Ca1-dB6 and
Sr-deficient Sr1-dB6. The results show that a Fermi surface exists in each case
and that there are significant electron-electron interactions in the low
density electron gas.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Anisotropic low field behavior and the observation of flux jumps in CeCoIn5
The magnetic behavior of the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 has been
investigated. The low field magnetization data show flux jumps in the mixed
state of the superconducting phase in a restricted range of temperature. These
flux jumps begin to disappear below 1.7 K, and are completely absent at 1.5 K.
The magnetization loops are asymmetric, suggesting that surface and geometrical
factors dominate the pinning in this system. The lower critical field (Hc1),
obtained from the magnetization data, shows a linear temperature dependence and
is anisotropic. The calculated penetration depth is also anisotropic, which is
consistent with the observation of an anisotropic superconducting gap in
CeCoIn5. The critical currents, determined from the high field isothermal
magnetization loops, are comparatively low (around 4000 A/cm2 at 1.6 K and 5
kOe).Comment: 4 pages 3 figure
Behaviour of the energy gap near a commensurate-incommensurate transition in double layer quantum Hall systems at nu=1
The charged excitations in the system of the title are vortex-antivortex
pairs in the spin-texture described in the theory by Yang et al which, in the
commensurate phase, are bound together by a ``string''. It is shown that their
excitation energy drops as the string lengthens as the parallel magnetic field
approaches the critical value, then goes up again in the incommensurate phase.
This produces a sharp downward cusp at the critical point. An alternative
description based on the role of disorder in the tunnelling and which appears
not to produce a minimum in the excitation energy is also discussed. It is
suggested that a similar transition could also occur in compressible
Fermi-liquid-like states.Comment: latex file, 17 page
Density duct formation in the wake of a travelling ionospheric disturbance:Murchison Widefield Array observations
Investigating an unusually large 28-day oscillation in mesospheric temperature over Antarctica using ground-based and satellite measurements
The Utah State University (USU) Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) was deployed at the AmundsenâScott South Pole Station in 2010 to measure OH temperature at ~87 km as part of an international network to study the mesospheric dynamics over Antarctica. During the austral winter of 2014, an unusually large amplitude ~28âday oscillation in mesospheric temperature was observed for ~100 days from the South Pole Station. This study investigates the characteristics and global structure of this exceptional planetaryâscale wave event utilizing groundâbased mesospheric OH temperature measurements from two Antarctic stations (South Pole and Rothera) together with satellite temperature measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite, and the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) on the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite. Our analyses have revealed that this large oscillation is a winter time, high latitude phenomenon, exhibiting a coherent zonal wave #1 structure below 80 km altitude. At higher altitudes, the wave was confined in longitude between 180â360°E. The amplitude of this oscillation reached ~15 K at 85 km and it was observed to grow with altitude as it extended from the stratosphere into the lower thermosphere in the southern hemisphere. The satellite data further established the existence of this oscillation in the northern hemisphere during the boreal winter time. The main characteristics and global structure of this event as observed in temperature are consistent with the predicted 28âday Rossby Wave (1,4) mode
Density duct formation in the wake of a travelling ionospheric disturbance:Murchison Widefield Array observations
Plasma scale length effects on protons generated in ultra-intense laserâplasmas
The energy spectra of protons generated by ultra-intense (1020 W cmâ2) laser interactions with a preformed plasma of scale length measured by shadowgraphy are presented. The effects of the preformed plasma on the proton beam temperature and the number of protons are evaluated. Two-dimensional EPOCH particle-in-cell code simulations of the proton spectra are found to be in agreement with measurements over a range of experimental parameter
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