353 research outputs found
Pathways from pilot to demonstration : how can research advance CO2 geological storage deployment?
An international workshop was hosted by the British Geological Survey (BGS), supported by the
United Kingdomâs Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), from the 1st to the 3rd of March
2016 at the BGS offices in Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
The workshop objectives were to:
Examine how pilot, field laboratory and laboratory projects can inform and advance large-scale
CO2 storage and low-carbon geo-energy resources.
Reinforce the importance of advancing CCS through practical experience at varied relevant scales:
pilots/field labs (testing concepts) and demonstrations (deploy technologies and identify new
technical questions for pilots to examine)
Strengthening international links between field lab, pilot, demonstration and large scale project
operators to make it easier to share lessons learned
Exchange research learning between CCS and other geo-energy disciplines
The workshop outcomes were intended to identify of opportunities for collaboration and
development of outline proposals to advance CCS and geo-energy research through practical
experience and demonstrations.
Workshop invitees included policy makers, demonstration project representatives, academics and
pilot project operators. A total of 75 delegates attended, who represented 46 organisations
including research institutions, industry (national, multinational and suppliers), global and
national CCS networks and trade associations (see attached delegate list â Appendix 1), and a
government representative from UK DECC. Delegates were from 13 countries worldwide
Herd-level risk factors associated with the presence of Phage type 21/28 E. coli O157 on Scottish cattle farms
<p>Background: E. coli O157 is a bacterial pathogen that is shed by cattle and can cause severe disease in humans. Phage type (PT) 21/28 is a subtype of E. coli O157 that is found across Scotland and is associated with particularly severe human morbidity.</p>
<p>Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Scottish cattle farms was conducted in the period Feb 2002-Feb 2004 to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle herds. Data from 88 farms on which E. coli O157 was present were analysed using generalised linear mixed models to identify risk factors for the presence of PT 21/28 specifically.</p>
<p>Results: The analysis identified private water supply, and northerly farm location as risk factors for PT 21/28 presence. There was a significant association between the presence of PT 21/28 and an increased number of E. coli O157 positive pat samples from a farm, and PT 21/28 was significantly associated with larger E. coli O157 counts than non-PT 21/28 E. coli O157.</p>
<p>Conclusion: PT 21/28 has significant risk factors that distinguish it from other phage types of E. coli O157. This finding has implications for the control of E. coli O157 as a whole and suggests that control could be tailored to target the locally dominant PT.</p>
Evaluation of barriers to national CO2 geological storage assessments
A survey to evaluate the main perceived barriers to national CO2 storage assessments was carried out in 2015, targeting countries where some Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) activity was known or where CCS could potentially be implemented in the future. All the questionnaire respondents indicated that some level of national assessment had been achieved. In most cases, these assessments had been sufficient to allow policy makers to make informed decisions about priorities for follow-up actions. Where national storage assessments had been carried out, the major barriers had been mainly overcome through strong political and regulatory support for CCS and policies enabling access to relevant data
Pathogenic Potential to Humans of Bovine Escherichia coli O26, Scotland
Escherichia coli O26 and O157 have similar overall prevalences in cattle in Scotland, but in humans, Shiga toxinâproducing E. coli O26 infections are fewer and clinically less severe than E. coli O157 infections. To investigate this discrepancy, we genotyped E. coli O26 isolates from cattle and humans in Scotland and continental Europe. The genetic background of some strains from Scotland was closely related to that of strains causing severe infections in Europe. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling found an association between hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and multilocus sequence type 21 strains and confirmed the role of stx<sub>2</sub> in severe human disease. Although the prevalences of E. coli O26 and O157 on cattle farms in Scotland are equivalent, prevalence of more virulent strains is low, reducing human infection risk. However, new data on E. coli O26âassociated HUS in humans highlight the need for surveillance of non-O157 enterohemorrhagic E. coli and for understanding stx<sub>2</sub> phage acquisition
Uncertainty and Surprise Jointly Predict Musical Pleasure and Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Auditory Cortex Activity
Listening to music often evokes intense emotions [1, 2]. Recent research suggests that musical pleasure comes from positive reward prediction errors, which arise when what is heard proves to be better than expected [3]. Central to this view is the engagement of the nucleus accumbensâa brain region that processes reward expectationsâto pleasurable music and surprising musical events [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. However, expectancy violations along multiple musical dimensions (e.g., harmony and melody) have failed to implicate the nucleus accumbens [9, 10, 11], and it is unknown how music reward value is assigned [12]. Whether changes in musical expectancy elicit pleasure has thus remained elusive [11]. Here, we demonstrate that pleasure varies nonlinearly as a function of the listenerâs uncertainty when anticipating a musical event, and the surprise it evokes when it deviates from expectations. Taking Western tonal harmony as a model of musical syntax, we used a machine-learning model [13] to mathematically quantify the uncertainty and surprise of 80,000 chords in US Billboard pop songs. Behaviorally, we found that chords elicited high pleasure ratings when they deviated substantially from what the listener had expected (low uncertainty, high surprise) or, conversely, when they conformed to expectations in an uninformative context (high uncertainty, low surprise). Neurally, we found using fMRI that activity in the amygdala, hippocampus, and auditory cortex reflected this interaction, while the nucleus accumbens only reflected uncertainty. These findings challenge current neurocognitive models of music-evoked pleasure and highlight the synergistic interplay between prospective and retrospective states of expectation in the musical experience
Parallelization, Special Hardware and Post-Newtonian Dynamics in Direct N - Body Simulations
The formation and evolution of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries during and after galaxy mergers is an important ingredient for our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution in a cosmological context, e.g. for predictions of cosmic star formation histories or of SMBH demographics (to predict events that emit gravitational waves). If galaxies merge in the course of their evolution, there should be either many binary or even multiple black holes, or we have to find out what happens to black hole multiples in galactic nuclei, e.g. whether they come sufficiently close to merge resulting from emission of gravitational waves, or whether they eject each other in gravitational slingshot interactions
Search for the Proton Decay Mode proton to neutrino K+ in Soudan 2
We have searched for the proton decay mode proton to neutrino K+ using the
one-kiloton Soudan 2 high resolution calorimeter. Contained events obtained
from a 3.56 kiloton-year fiducial exposure through June 1997 are examined for
occurrence of a visible K+ track which decays at rest into mu+ nu or pi+ pi0.
We found one candidate event consistent with background, yielding a limit,
tau/B > 4.3 10^{31} years at 90% CL with no background subtraction.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, 3 tables and 3 figures, Accepted by Physics Letters
UV and EUV Instruments
We describe telescopes and instruments that were developed and used for
astronomical research in the ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV)
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelength ranges covered by these
bands are not uniquely defined. We use the following convention here: The EUV
and UV span the regions ~100-912 and 912-3000 Angstroem respectively. The
limitation between both ranges is a natural choice, because the hydrogen Lyman
absorption edge is located at 912 Angstroem. At smaller wavelengths,
astronomical sources are strongly absorbed by the interstellar medium. It also
marks a technical limit, because telescopes and instruments are of different
design. In the EUV range, the technology is strongly related to that utilized
in X-ray astronomy, while in the UV range the instruments in many cases have
their roots in optical astronomy. We will, therefore, describe the UV and EUV
instruments in appropriate conciseness and refer to the respective chapters of
this volume for more technical details.Comment: To appear in: Landolt-Boernstein, New Series VI/4A, Astronomy,
Astrophysics, and Cosmology; Instruments and Methods, ed. J.E. Truemper,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 201
Magmatismo cĂĄlcio-alcalino Calimiano no embasamento do Terreno Jauru (ProvĂncia Rondoniana - San IgnĂĄcio), CrĂĄton AmazĂŽnico: geoquĂmica e geocronologia Sm-Nd E U/Pb
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