66 research outputs found
Molecular study of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes CagA, Hpa and BabA2 in Egyptian patients
Objective: The objective of this study was to detect virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) cagA, babA2 and hpa in gastric biopsies from patients with different stages of gastritis by polymerase chain reaction to correlate the presence of genes with the severity of the diseases.Method: A total of 80 non repetitive gastric biopsies from antrum of the stomach were obtained from the patients and subjected to study for histological examination, unease activity, culture for H.pylori, and polymerase chain reaction studies of virulence genes cagA, babA2 and hpa.Results: The most frequent detected gene by PCR was hpa (66.7%) and followed by cagA and babA2 (61.6%) for each. There was significant association between the three genes (P=0.0001). The study of the association between the virulence gene of H.pylori and different clinical symptoms revealed significant association of dyspepsia with cagA(P=0.001) babA2 and hpa (P=0.0001), regurgitation with cagA and babA2( P=0.002),vomiting with cagA and babA2 (P=0.01, P=0.002, respectively) and nausea with cagA and babA2 (P=0.0001, P=0.03, respectively). The virulence genes were detected in gastric ulcer. The degree of inflammation in histopathological examination was also statistically significant associated with the presence of virulences genes cagA (P=0.01), babA2 (p=0.0001) and hpa (P=0.0001)The present study highlights the presence of virulence genes in H.pylori associated with gastric ulcer. The genes cagA, babA2 and hpa are prevalent among the strains affecting the patients. Moreover, these genes are associated with marked clinical and pathological severity. The genes are significantly associated with each other. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings.Keywords: Gastritis, Genotypes, H.pylori, cagA, babA2, hpa, PC
Farnesol-induced apoptosis in Candida albicans is mediated by Cdr1-p extrusion and depletion of intracellular glutathione
Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Heat Transfer Modulation in Micro-Dispersed Channel Flow
The object of this paper is to study the influence of dispersed micrometer
size particles on turbulent heat transfer mechanisms in wall-bounded flows. The
strategic target of the current research is to set up a methodology to size and
design new-concept heat transfer fluids with properties given by those of the
base fluid modulated by the presence of dynamically-interacting,
suitably-chosen, discrete micro- and nano- particles. We run Direct Numerical
Simulation (DNS) for hydrodynamically fully-developed, thermally-developing
turbulent channel flow at shear Reynolds number Re=150 and Prandtl number Pr=3,
and we tracked two large swarms of particles, characterized by different
inertia and thermal inertia. Preliminary results on velocity and temperature
statistics for both phases show that, with respect to single-phase flow, heat
transfer fluxes at the walls increase by roughly 2% when the flow is laden with
the smaller particles, which exhibit a rather persistent stability against
non-homogeneous distribution and near-wall concentration. An opposite trend
(slight heat transfer flux decrease) is observed when the larger particles are
dispersed into the flow. These results are consistent with previous
experimental findings and are discussed in the frame of the current research
activities in the field. Future developments are also outlined.Comment: Pages: 305-32
Persistent Disease Activity in Patients With Long-Standing Glomerular Disease
Introduction: Glomerular diseases are characterized by variable disease activity over many years. We aimed to analyze the relationship between clinical disease activity and duration of glomerular disease. Methods: Disease activity in adults with chronic minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and IgA nephropathy (IgAN; first diagnostic biopsy >5 years before enrollment; Of Longstanding Disease [OLD] cohort, n = 256) followed at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), was compared with disease activity of an internal and external cohort of patients with first diagnostic biopsy <5 years before enrollment drawn from the Cure Glomerulonephropathy Network (CureGN cohort, n = 1182; CUMC-CureGN cohort, n = 362). Disease activity was defined by (i) Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes–recommended threshold criteria for initiation of immunosuppression in primary glomerulonephropathy (GN) and (ii) CureGN's Disease Activity Working Group definitions for activity. Results: No significant differences were detected among the 3 cohorts in terms of age, sex, serum creatinine, and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. For each GN subtype, disease activity in the OLD cohort was comparable with disease activity in the entire CureGN and the CUMC-CureGN cohort. When limiting our comparisons to disease activity in incident CUMC-CureGN patients (first diagnostic biopsy within 6 months of enrollment), OLD patients demonstrated similar activity rates as incident patients. Conclusion: Disease activity did not differ among patients with shorter versus longer duration of disease. Such survivor patients, with long-term but persistent disease, are potentially highly informative for understanding the clinical course and pathogenesis of GN and may help identify factors mediating more chronic subtypes of disease
Methodologies for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms.
Unlike superficial fungal infections of the skin and nails, which are the most common fungal diseases in humans, invasive fungal infections carry high morbidity and mortality, particularly those associated with biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. Therapeutic management of these complex diseases is often complicated by the rise in resistance to the commonly used antifungal agents. Therefore, the availability of accurate susceptibility testing methods for determining antifungal resistance, as well as discovery of novel antifungal and antibiofilm agents, are key priorities in medical mycology research. To direct advancements in this field, here we present an overview of the methods currently available for determining (i) the susceptibility or resistance of fungal isolates or biofilms to antifungal or antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; (ii) the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; and (iii) the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> performance of anti-infective coatings and materials to prevent fungal biofilm-based infections
Titan's diverse landscapes as evidenced by Cassini RADAR's third and fourth looks at Titan
Acaricidal, ovicidal, and repellent effects of Tagetes patula leaf extract against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
This study investigates the acaricidal, ovicidal, and repellent effects of the Tagetes patula Linn.
(Asteraceae) leaf extract against both the adult female and egg stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch
(Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. The Tagetes patula ethanolic leaf
extract [TpEtOH70%] was screened for adulticide and ovicide bioassays in order to consider its acute
toxicity. One sublethal concentration was used to assess egg-laying capacity (fecundity), repellent, and oviposition deterrent activities. The chemical characterization was conducted by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify the TpEtOH70% bioactive components. Results showed that the LC50 value of TpEtOH70% leaf extract predicted by Probit analysis
against T. urticae adult females at 24 h was 0.99%.The TpEtOH70% leaf extract showed a significant
toxic effect as the highest mean mortality rates (± SE) of the treated adult females was 88.9 ± 3.7%.
However, the TpEtOH70% leaf extract was insignificant in affecting the egg-laying capacity of the
adult females treated with a sublethal dose of 0.5% even after 72 h. The TpEtOH70% leaf extract was
classified repellent since the repellent index (RI) value was lower than 1 – SD. In addition, it had
a high oviposition deterring effect based on a 100% reduction of the total number of eggs.
The TpEtOH70% leaf extract had a significant ovicidal effect on T. urticae eggs, with 56.04% reduction in hatching. Five bioactive compounds from various classes of phytochemicals
were identified in the TpEtOH70% leaf extract and the major compound was phytol (62.72%).
This pioneering investigation reveals the adulticidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of the
TpEtOH70% leaf extract against T. urticae. A combination of multiple modes of action of different
plant components may act alone or in synergism to delay the development of mite resistance
L'aridité : une contrainte au développement : caractérisation, réponses biologiques, stratégies des sociétés
- …