360 research outputs found
The fifth dimension as an analogue computer for strong interactions at the LHC
We present a mechanism to get S ~ 0 or even negative, without bringing into
play the SM fermion sector. This mechanism can be applied to a wide range of 5D
models, including composite Higgs and Higgsless models. As a realization of the
mechanism we introduce a simple model, although the effect on S does not rely
on the underlying dynamics generating the background. Models that include this
mechanism enjoy the following features: weakly-coupled light resonances (as
light as 600 GeV) and degenerate or inverted resonance spectrum.Comment: JHEP version. References adde
Coal and plastic waste co-pyrolysis by thermal analysis–mass spectrometry
Simultaneous thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry studies of a pyrolytic decomposition of mixtures of different plastic wastes/coking coal were carried out. The investigation was performed at temperatures up to 1000 °C in a helium atmosphere under dynamic conditions at a heating rate of 25 °C/min. Five thermoplastics, commonly found in municipal wastes: low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and a plastic mixture rich in polyolefins were selected. Thermogravimetric parameters, together with different characteristic ion fragments from selected libraries of evolving products during the co-pyrolysis process were monitored, such as hydrogen, CO2 and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on the results obtained, a synergistic effect between coal and individual residues has been found. The maximum interaction occurs at temperatures close to the maximum release of volatile matter of the plastic waste. There is a delay in the decomposition of the plastics that together with the changes in the composition of the volatile matter evolved, promote interactions between the components and have negative effects on coal fluidity. The polyolefinic wastes (HDPE, LDPE and PP) degrade at temperatures close to that of maximum coal degradation, modifying the thermal behaviour of the coal to a lesser degree. However, PS and PET, that release their volatile matter mostly in the early stage of the coal decomposition, show a more pronounced influence on the thermal behaviour. Moreover, the kinetic data demonstrates that the addition of polyolefins increases the energy required to initiate pyrolysis compared to PS and PET. All of these results agree with the fact that polyolefins reduce coal fluidity in a more moderate way than PET and PS
Diffuse Neutron Scattering Study of a Disordered Complex Perovskite Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 Crystal
Diffuse scattering around the (110) reciprocal lattice point has been
investigated by elastic neutron scattering in the paraelectric and the relaxor
phases of the disordered complex perovskite crystal-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3(PZN). The
appearance of a diffuse intensity peak indicates the formation of polar
nanoregions at temperature T*, approximately 40K above Tc=413K. The analysis of
this diffuse scattering indicates that these regions are in the shape of
ellipsoids, more extended in the direction than in the direction.
The quantitative analysis provides an estimate of the correlation length, \xi,
or size of the regions and shows that \xi ~1.2\xi , consistent with
the primary or dominant displacement of Pb leading to the low temperature
rhombohedral phase. Both the appearance of the polar regions at T*and the
structural transition at Tc are marked by kinks in the \xi curve but not
in the \xi one, also indicating that the primary changes take place in a
direction at both temperatures.Comment: REVTeX file. 4 pages, 3 figures embedded, New version after referee
cond-mat/010605
Holographic approach to a minimal Higgsless model
In this work, following an holographic approach, we carry out a low energy
effective study of a minimal Higgsless model based on SU(2) bulk symmetry
broken by boundary conditions, both in flat and warped metric. The holographic
procedure turns out to be an useful computation technique to achieve an
effective four dimensional formulation of the model taking into account the
corrections coming from the extra dimensional sector. This technique is used to
compute both oblique and direct contributions to the electroweak parameters in
presence of fermions delocalized along the fifth dimension.Comment: Latex file, 23 page
Moduli stabilization with Fayet-Iliopoulos uplift
In the recent years, phenomenological models of moduli stabilization were
proposed, where the dynamics of the stabilization is essentially
supersymmetric, whereas an O'Rafearthaigh supersymmetry breaking sector is
responsible for the "uplift" of the cosmological constant to zero. We
investigate the case where the uplift is provided by a Fayet-Iliopoulos sector.
We find that in this case the modulus contribution to supersymmetry breaking is
larger than in the previous models. A first consequence of this class of
constructions is for gauginos, which are heavier compared to previous models.
In some of our explicit examples, due to a non-standard gauge-mediation type
negative contribution to scalars masses, the whole superpartner spectrum can be
efficiently compressed at low-energy. This provides an original phenomenology
testable at the LHC, in particular sleptons are generically heavier than the
squarks.Comment: 29 pages, 2 figure
Higgsless Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in Warped Backgrounds: Constraints and Signatures
We examine the phenomenology of a warped 5-dimensional model based on
SU(2) SU(2) U(1) model which implements
electroweak symmetry breaking through boundary conditions, without the presence
of a Higgs boson. We use precision electroweak data to constrain the general
parameter space of this model. Our analysis includes independent and
gauge couplings, radiatively induced UV boundary gauge kinetic terms, and all
higher order corrections from the curvature of the 5-d space. We show that this
setup can be brought into good agreement with the precision electroweak data
for typical values of the parameters. However, we find that the entire range of
model parameters leads to violation of perturbative unitarity in gauge boson
scattering and hence this model is not a reliable perturbative framework.
Assuming that unitarity can be restored in a modified version of this scenario,
we consider the collider signatures. It is found that new spin-1 states will be
observed at the LHC and measurement of their properties would identify this
model. However, the spin-2 graviton Kaluza-Klein resonances, which are a
hallmark of the Randall-Sundrum model, are too weakly coupled to be detected.Comment: More detailed analysis, added references, 43 pages, 15 figures, LaTe
Interface superconductivity in the eutectic Sr2RuO4-Ru: 3-K phase of Sr2RuO4
The eutectic system Sr2RuO4-Ru is referred to as the 3-K phase of the
spin-triplet supeconductor Sr2RuO4 because of its enhanced superconducting
transition temperature Tc of ~3 K. We have investigated the field-temperature
(H-T) phase diagram of the 3-K phase for fields parallel and perpendicular to
the ab-plane of Sr2RuO4, using out-of-plane resistivity measurements. We have
found an upturn curvature in the Hc2(T) curve for H // c, and a rather gradual
temperature dependence of Hc2 close to Tc for both H // ab and H // c. We have
also investigated the dependence of Hc2 on the angle between the field and the
ab-plane at several temperatures. Fitting the Ginzburg-Landau effective-mass
model apparently fails to reproduce the angle dependence, particularly near H
// c and at low temperatures. We propose that all of these charecteric features
can be explained, at least in a qualitative fashion, on the basis of a theory
by Sigrist and Monien that assumes surface superconductivity with a
two-component order parameter occurring at the interface between Sr2RuO4 and Ru
inclusions. This provides evidence of the chiral state postulated for the 1.5-K
phase by several experiments.Comment: 7 pages and 5 figs; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Astrophysical Uncertainties in the Cosmic Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum From Annihilating Dark Matter
In recent years, a number of experiments have been conducted with the goal of
studying cosmic rays at GeV to TeV energies. This is a particularly interesting
regime from the perspective of indirect dark matter detection. To draw reliable
conclusions regarding dark matter from cosmic ray measurements, however, it is
important to first understand the propagation of cosmic rays through the
magnetic and radiation fields of the Milky Way. In this paper, we constrain the
characteristics of the cosmic ray propagation model through comparison with
observational inputs, including recent data from the CREAM experiment, and use
these constraints to estimate the corresponding uncertainties in the spectrum
of cosmic ray electrons and positrons from dark matter particles annihilating
in the halo of the Milky Way.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Algebraic Structures and Eigenstates for Integrable Collective Field Theories
Conditions for the construction of polynomial eigen--operators for the
Hamiltonian of collective string field theories are explored. Such
eigen--operators arise for only one monomial potential in the
collective field theory. They form a --algebra isomorphic to the
algebra of vertex operators in 2d gravity. Polynomial potentials of orders only
strictly larger or smaller than 2 have no non--zero--energy polynomial
eigen--operators. This analysis leads us to consider a particular potential
. A Lie algebra of polynomial eigen--operators is then
constructed for this potential. It is a symmetric 2--index Lie algebra, also
represented as a sub--algebra of Comment: 27 page
Top quark effects in composite vector pair production at the LHC
In the context of a strongly coupled Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, composite
light scalar singlet and composite triplet of heavy vectors may arise from an
unspecified strong dynamics and the interactions among themselves and with the
Standard Model gauge bosons and fermions can be described by a Effective Chiral Lagrangian. In this framework, the
production of the and final states at the LHC by
gluon fusion mechanism is studied in the region of parameter space consistent
with the unitarity constraints in the elastic channel of longitudinal gauge
boson scattering and in the inelastic scattering of two longitudinal Standard
Model gauge bosons into Standard Model fermions pairs. The expected rates of
same-sign di-lepton and tri-lepton events from the decay of the
final state are computed and their corresponding backgrounds are estimated. It
is of remarkable relevance that the final state can only be
produced at the LHC via gluon fusion mechanism since this state is absent in
the Drell-Yan process. It is also found that the final state
production cross section via gluon fusion mechanism is comparable with the
Drell-Yan production cross section. The comparison of the
and total cross sections will be crucial for
distinguishing the different models since the vector pair production is
sensitive to many couplings. This will also be useful to determine if the heavy
vectors are only composite vectors or are gauge vectors of a spontaneously
broken gauge symmetry.Comment: 18 pages, 5 tables, 6 figures. Missing figures added. Matches
published versio
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