Ética y bioética en la formación del profesional de enfermería, una necesidad para la vida. Ethics and bioethics in the training of nursing personnel, a lifelong need

Literalmente Bioética es un neologismo que significa ética de la vida y surge en la década del 70, en la enciclopedia se define como el estudio sistemático de la conducta humana en el campo de las ciencias biológicas y de la atención de salud. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal y descriptivo para determinar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes de curso complementario en el curso 03-04 todos del municipio Pinar del Río; donde se les aplicó una encuesta antes y después de implementar el programa correspondiente a la asignatura de Ética y Bioética en Enfermería. Los principales indicadores a medir fueron conocimientos previos a través de cursos básicos y de especialización, vínculo de los conocimientos teóricos con la actividad práctica, así como criterios de los estudiantes respondiendo a diferentes indicadores se utilizó el método porcentual aritmético presentándose los resultados en tablas. Los contenidos y las diferentes formas satisfacen las necesidades de los patrones morales de la sociedad en el ejercicio de la profesión, se hace necesario brindar educación continuada en los aspectos éticos y reflexionar sobre la importancia del cumplimiento de los principios éticos y bioéticos con vistas a reforzar un marco de valores que deben regir la filosofía de la profesión. Palabras clave: ÉTICA, BIOÉTICA, PROFESIONAL, ENFERMERÍA ABSTRACT Bioethics is a neologism that means ethics for life and it theory was founded during the 70's; in the Encyclopedia it is defined as the systematic study of the human behaviour in the field of Biological Sciences and Health Care. A longitudinal-prospective and descriptive study was carried out to determine level of knowledge developed by the students of the complementary course during the academic course 2003 _ 2004 in Pinar del Rio Municipality, conducting a survey before and after the implementation of the syllabus corresponding to Ethics and Bioethics subjects in Nursing School. The main indicators of the study were: previous knowledge through basic courses and courses of specializations, linking of theory and practical activity, as well as student's criteria according to different points. Arithmetical percentage method was used and results were charted. It is necessary to follow a continuous education in ethical practice and reinforce ethical and bioethical principles. Key words: ETHICS/bioethics, NURSING PERSONNEL/staff

Ética y bioética en la formación del profesional de enfermería, una necesidad para la vida. Ethics and bioethics in the training of nursing personnel, a lifelong need

Literalmente Bioética es un neologismo que significa ética de la vida y surge en la década del 70, en la enciclopedia se define como el estudio sistemático de la conducta humana en el campo de las ciencias biológicas y de la atención de salud. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal y descriptivo para determinar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes de curso complementario en el curso 03-04 todos del municipio Pinar del Río; donde se les aplicó una encuesta antes y después de implementar el programa correspondiente a la asignatura de Ética y Bioética en Enfermería. Los principales indicadores a medir fueron conocimientos previos a través de cursos básicos y de especialización, vínculo de los conocimientos teóricos con la actividad práctica, así como criterios de los estudiantes respondiendo a diferentes indicadores se utilizó el método porcentual aritmético presentándose los resultados en tablas. Los contenidos y las diferentes formas satisfacen las necesidades de los patrones morales de la sociedad en el ejercicio de la profesión, se hace necesario brindar educación continuada en los aspectos éticos y reflexionar sobre la importancia del cumplimiento de los principios éticos y bioéticos con vistas a reforzar un marco de valores que deben regir la filosofía de la profesión. Palabras clave: ÉTICA, BIOÉTICA, PROFESIONAL, ENFERMERÍA ABSTRACT Bioethics is a neologism that means ethics for life and it theory was founded during the 70's; in the Encyclopedia it is defined as the systematic study of the human behaviour in the field of Biological Sciences and Health Care. A longitudinal-prospective and descriptive study was carried out to determine level of knowledge developed by the students of the complementary course during the academic course 2003 _ 2004 in Pinar del Rio Municipality, conducting a survey before and after the implementation of the syllabus corresponding to Ethics and Bioethics subjects in Nursing School. The main indicators of the study were: previous knowledge through basic courses and courses of specializations, linking of theory and practical activity, as well as student's criteria according to different points. Arithmetical percentage method was used and results were charted. It is necessary to follow a continuous education in ethical practice and reinforce ethical and bioethical principles. Key words: ETHICS/bioethics, NURSING PERSONNEL/staff

Effectiveness of the Malnutrition eLearning Course for Global Capacity Building in the Management of Malnutrition: Cross-Country Interrupted Time-Series Study.

BACKGROUND: Scaling up improved management of severe acute malnutrition has been identified as the nutrition intervention with the largest potential to reduce child mortality, but lack of operational capacity at all levels of the health system constrains scale-up. We therefore developed an interactive malnutrition eLearning course that is accessible at scale to build capacity of the health sector workforce to manage severely malnourished children according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test whether the malnutrition eLearning course improves knowledge and skills of in-service and preservice health professionals in managing children with severe acute malnutrition and enables them to apply the gained knowledge and skills in patient care. METHODS: This 2-year prospective, longitudinal, cross-country, interrupted time-series study took place in Ghana, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Colombia between January 2015 and February 2017. A subset of 354 in-service health personnel from 12 hospitals and 2 Ministries of Health, 703 preservice trainees from 9 academic institutions, and 204 online users participated. Knowledge gained after training and retention over time was measured through pre- and postassessments comprising questions pertaining to screening, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment, and prevention of malnutrition. Comprehension, application, and integration of knowledge were tested. Changes in perception, confidence, and clinical practice were assessed through questionnaires and interviews. RESULTS: Before the course, awareness of the World Health Organization guidelines was 36.73% (389/1059) overall, and 26.3% (94/358) among in-service professionals. The mean score gain in knowledge after access to the course in 606 participants who had pre- and postassessment data was 11.8 (95% CI 10.8-12.9; P<.001)-a relative increase of 41.5%. The proportion of participants who achieved a score above the pass mark posttraining was 58.7% (356/606), compared with 18.2% (110/606) in pretraining. Of the in-service professionals, 85.9% (128/149) reported applying their knowledge by changing their clinical practice in screening, assessment, diagnosis, and management. This group demonstrated significantly increased retained knowledge 6 months after training (mean difference [SD] from preassessment of 12.1 [11.8]), retaining 65.8% (12.1/18.4) of gained knowledge from the training. Changes in the management of malnutrition were reported by trained participants, and institutional, operational, and policy changes were also found. CONCLUSIONS: The malnutrition eLearning course improved knowledge, understanding, and skills of health professionals in the diagnosis and management of children with severe acute malnutrition, and changes in clinical practice and confidence were reported following the completion of the course

Systems biology of antioxidants

Understanding the role of oxidative injury will allow for therapy with agents that scavenge ROS (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants in the management of several diseases related to free radical damage. The majority of free radicals are generated by mitochondria as a consequence of the mitochondrial cycle, whereas free radical accumulation is limited by the action of a variety of antioxidant processes that reside in every cell. In the present review, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial generation of ROS and discuss the role of ROS in the regulation of endothelial and adipocyte function. Moreover, we also discuss recent findings on the role of ROS in sepsis, cerebral ataxia and stroke. These results provide avenues for the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in a variety of diseases

HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS DEL LAGARTO Tropidurus hispidus (SPIX 1825) (SAURIA: TROPIDURIDAE) EN EL CERRO EL TACAL, PARQUE NACIONAL MOCHIMA, ESTADO SUCRE, VENEZUELA

Se estudiaron los h&aacute;bitos alimentarios del lagarto Tropidurus hispidus, capturados en el cerro El Tacal, estado Sucre, Venezuela; entre los meses de abril y diciembre de 2004, abarcando periodos de sequ&iacute;a y lluvia La dieta se evalu&oacute; utilizando los m&eacute;todos de frecuencia tr&oacute;fica y dom&iacute;nanc&iacute;a tr&oacute;fica Adem&aacute;s se compar&oacute; la frecuencia tr&oacute;fica con el volumen de los alimentos consumidos y se analiz&oacute; la similitud de la dieta entre sexow~ El an&aacute;lisis de 29 tractos digestivos indic&oacute; que los items con mayor frecuencia de aparici&oacute;n durante la &eacute;poca de lluvia fueron Hymenoptera (0,8750), adultos de Coleoptera (0,5000), larvas medianas de Lepidoptera (0,5000) y larvas peque&ntilde;as de Lep&iacute;doptera (0,3 750), larvas grandes de Lepidoptera (0,3125) y larvas medianas de Coleoptera (0,3125) Mientras que en la &eacute;poca de sequ&iacute;a fueron Hymenoptera (0,9231), larvas peque&ntilde;as de Coleoptera (0,2308) y Coleoptera adulto (0,2308) Hymenoptera y Coleoptera adulto fueron los items m&aacute;s frecuentes en ambos per&iacute;odos, aunque Hymenoptera fue el dominante con el m&aacute;ximo valor en sequ&iacute;a (0,9231) Los machos mostraron mayor volumen estomacal en el per&iacute;odo de lluvia y las hembras en el periodo seco. La mayor similitud en la dieta la presentaron machos y hembras durante el periodo de lluvia con un valor m&aacute;ximo de 0.57 y este grupo a su vez se relacion&oacute; en una magnitud de 0,54 con las hembras del per&iacute;odo de sequ&iacute;a, estos dos grupos se relacionan con los machos en el per&iacute;odo seco con un valor de 0.37

Ética y bioética en la formación del profesional de enfermería, una necesidad para la vida Ethics and bioethics in the training of nursing personnel, a lifelong need

Literalmente Bioética es un neologismo que significa ética de la vida y surge en la década del 70, en la enciclopedia se define como el estudio sistemático de la conducta humana en el campo de las ciencias biológicas y de la atención de salud. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal y descriptivo para determinar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes de curso complementario en el curso 03-04 todos del municipio Pinar del Río; donde se les aplicó una encuesta antes y después de implementar el programa correspondiente a la asignatura de Ética y Bioética en Enfermería. Los principales indicadores a medir fueron conocimientos previos a través de cursos básicos y de especialización, vínculo de los conocimientos teóricos con la actividad práctica, así como criterios de los estudiantes respondiendo a diferentes indicadores se utilizó el método porcentual aritmético presentándose los resultados en tablas. Los contenidos y las diferentes formas satisfacen las necesidades de los patrones morales de la sociedad en el ejercicio de la profesión, se hace necesario brindar educación continuada en los aspectos éticos y reflexionar sobre la importancia del cumplimiento de los principios éticos y bioéticos con vistas a reforzar un marco de valores que deben regir la filosofía de la profesión.Bioethics is a neologism that means ethics for life and it theory was founded during the 70's; in the Encyclopedia it is defined as the systematic study of the human behaviour in the field of Biological Sciences and Health Care. A longitudinal-prospective and descriptive study was carried out to determine level of knowledge developed by the students of the complementary course during the academic course 2003 _ 2004 in Pinar del Rio Municipality, conducting a survey before and after the implementation of the syllabus corresponding to Ethics and Bioethics subjects in Nursing School. The main indicators of the study were: previous knowledge through basic courses and courses of specializations, linking of theory and practical activity, as well as student's criteria according to different points. Arithmetical percentage method was used and results were charted. It is necessary to follow a continuous education in ethical practice and reinforce ethical and bioethical principles

Mapping soil fractal dimension in agricultural fields with GPR

We documented that the mapping of the fractal dimension of the backscattered Ground Penetrating Radar traces (Fractal Dimension Mapping, FDM) accomplished over heterogeneous agricultural fields gives statistically sound combined information about the spatial distribution of Andosol&apos; dielectric permittivity, volumetric and gravimetric water content, bulk density, and mechanical resistance under seven different management systems. The roughness of the recorded traces was measured in terms of a single number &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;, the Hurst exponent, which integrates the competitive effects of volumetric water content, pore topology and mechanical resistance in space and time. We showed the suitability to combine the GPR traces fractal analysis with routine geostatistics (kriging) in order to map the spatial variation of soil properties by nondestructive techniques and to quantify precisely the differences under contrasting tillage systems. Three experimental plots with zero tillage and 33, 66 and 100% of crop residues imprinted the highest roughness to GPR wiggle traces (mean &lt;i&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;R/S&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=0.15), significantly different to Andosol under conventional tillage (&lt;i&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;R/S&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=0.47)