Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y reconstruction in a patient with afferent loop syndrome and peptic ulcers of gastroenteroanastomosis - A first experience

This paper is devoted to the description of a currently rare clinical observation of the surgical treatment of a patient with postgastroresection syndrome (afferent loop syndrome and peptic ulcers of gastroenteroanastomosis) - resection of the stomach stump with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y reconstructio

INVESTIGATION OF SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMERIC MINERAL-FILLED COMPOSITES FOR MEDICINE

The polymer compositions on the base of acrylic derivatives and bentonite particles modified by silver ions with various share and dispersion are received and studied by radical polymerization in the water. Partially neutralized acrylic acid, acrylamide and methylene-bis-acrilamide and particles of bentonite with fraction 0 - 0,05 mass.% are chosen as initial substances. The influence of bentonite concentration on absorbing characteristics of polymer materials in the distilled water is shown. It is demonstrated that the increase of bentonite fraction up to 5 mass.% leads to the rise of degree of equilibrium swelling by 1,5 – 2 times in comparison with an unfilled polymer matrix. The acrylic nanocompositions with a mass fraction of bentonite equal to 0,01 mass.% possess the greatest kinetic characteristics. Kinetic dependences of new composite materials swelling in physiological solution from a filler dispersion part are investigated. It is shown that in high dispersion (with particle size less than 0,25 mm) a part of mineral–containing filler equal to 1 mass.% leads to significant increase in values of equilibrium swelling degree in comparison with an unfilled sample (by 1,5 times). The effect of polyelectrolyte suppression of polymer composition swelling in physiological solution is studied. It results in values reduction of equilibrium swelling degree in comparison with these values in the distilled water. Application prospects for the received compositions are shown at bandages creation for wounds treatment of various etiologies. Research results are recommended for usage in medical practice for optimization of wound process march

Parameters of the Blood Oxidant/Antioxidant System in Elderly Patients with Acute Poisoning

The aim of the study was to assess the oxidant/antioxidant status in elderly patients in the early period of acute poisoning by psychotropic drugs or corrosive substances.Material and methods. An open prospective observational study with retrospective control was conducted in 80 patients (age ≥ 60 years) with acute poisoning, of which 49 patients aged 72.1±9.55 years had psychotropic drug poisoning (PDP) and 31 subjects aged 73.0±10.3 years had corrosive substance poisoning (CSP). Patients with mild poisoning were excluded from the study. The control group consisted of 39 volunteers aged 68.3±6.3 years. Total antioxidant status (TAS), blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), stable nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite/nitrate, NOx), and oxidative stress index (MDA/TAS) were measured on days 1, 3 and 5 after hospital admission.Results. When analyzing the changes in the parameters of the oxidant/antioxidant system, we observed lower values of the studied parameters in patients with both PDP and CSP compared to the control group. In patients with PDP, several parameters were reduced: MDA by 1.2 times on days 1 and 3 (P=0.002; P=0.008, respectively), NOx by 1.7 times (P<0.001) at all stages of the study, MDA/TAS by 2.4–2.9 times (P<0.001). In patients with CSP, MDA level decreased by 1.1–1.2 times at all study timepoints (P=0.003; P=0.010; P=0.046, respectively), NOx dropped 1.4–1.6-fold (P=0.012; P=0.004; P=0.023, respectively), and MDA/TAS decreased by 2.3–2.4 times (P<0.001). While comparing patients with favorable and fatal outcome, we found that in survived patients an increase of MDA/TAS along with growing NOx level was seen by day 5 with no significant changes of MDA and TAS, while in non-survivors MDA/TAS dropped continuously due to progressive fall of NOx level, reaching values 2.8–2.9 times (P<0.001) lower than those of the controls.Conclusion. In elderly patients with acute poisonings due to psychotropic drugs or corrosive substances, an inadequate response of the oxidant/antioxidant system occurs manifesting as a reduced blood level of peroxidation products with simultaneous normal or slightly decreased concentration of antioxidant protection system components. Thus, the oxidative stress develops, which contributes to the death of the patients

ОЦЕНКА ПОЧЕЧНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ И ОПЕРАТИВНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ПОЧЕЧНО-КЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА

 The main goal in the treatment of kidney tumors is to preserve renal function. Investigations made in the past decades show that chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are much more common than formerly estimated and conventional methods for evaluating renal function frequently reduce the incidence of CKD having more serious consequences than recognized before. CKD leads to renal dysfunction subsequently resulting in renal failure that increases a risk for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Formulas for calculation of glomerular filtration rate on the basis of serum creatinine are presently in common use to evaluate renal function. The MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault formulas are most frequently used. Investigations dealing with the radiological estimation of renal volumes and function are also promising. In patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the differences in cancer-specific and overall survival become significant just 3 years after surgery. Decreased renal function after surgical renal tissue removal in the presence of CKD is one of the significant reasons for no positive changes in the overall survival of patients with RCC. According to the data of different studies, the concurrence of RCC and CKD, which cause diminished renal function, is encountered in a considerable number of patients. Thus, the present-day treatment of patients with RCC should be focused on the optimization of renal function, the prevention of CKD, and the minimization of its degree. Researches to improve renal function in RCC patients who have undergone surgery are regarded as the priorities of urologic oncology.Сохранение почечной функции является основной задачей в лечении опухолевых заболеваний почек. Исследования последних десятилетий показывают, что хронические заболевания почек (ХЗП) распространены намного больше, чем это оценивалось ранее, а традиционные методы оценки функции почек часто занижают частоту ХЗП, имеющих более серьезные последствия, чем это признавалось в прошлом. ХЗП приводят к нарушению почечных функций с последующим исходом в почечную недостаточность, которая увеличивает риск развития и прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В настоящее время при оценке почечной функции широко используются формулы расчета скорости клубочковой фильтрации на основе сывороточного креатинина. Чаще всего применяют формулы MDRD и Кокрофта–Голта. Перспективны также исследования по лучевой оценке объема и функции почек. У больных почечно-клеточным раком (ПКР) различия в онкоспецифической и общей выживаемости становятся значимыми уже через 3 года после оперативного лечения. Одна из существенных причин отсутствия позитивных изменений в общей выживаемости больных ПКР – снижение почечной функции после хирургического удаления почечной ткани на фоне ХЗП.По данным разных исследований, сочетание ПКР и ХЗП, приводящих к снижению почечной функции, встречается у значительного числа пациентов. Таким образом, современное лечение больных ПКР должно быть сфокусировано на оптимизации функции почек, предотвращении ХЗП и минимизации степени тяжести ХЗП. Научные исследования с целью улучшения почечной функции у больных ПКР, перенесших оперативное лечение, относятся к приоритетным задачам онкоурологии

Прогрессивные способы финишной обработки деталей подвижного состава

A method of providing the quality of surface of assembly parts made of non-ferrous metals and their alloys is developed. A scheme of unit is determined, providing the necessary conditions of machining, designed for combination of mechanical and anode impact on the workpiece surface. Complex technology allows to achieve a set of qualitative characteristics and widely vary parameters in the operations of both turning and milling.Разработан способ обеспечения качества поверхности деталей из цветных металлов и их сплавов. Определена схема установки под необходимые условия процесса их обработки, рассчитанного на сочетание механического и анодного воздействия на поверхность заготовки. Комплексная технология позволяет достигать предусмотренных качественных характеристик и широко варьировать параметры как при операциях точения, так и фрезерования деталей транспортных агрегатов, узлов и машин

TRANSPORT AND ECONOMIC BALANCE AND ITS ROLE IN THE COORDINATION OF TRANSPORT PLANNING DURING THE DIGITALIZATION ERA

Econometrics tools in framework of Transport and Economic Balance (TEB) for transport planning and forecasting are aimed at improving transport links and transport connectivity via accounting the ratio between the volume of production and consumption of goods and the demand for transport services for their import and export. The TEB’s econometrics model includes the basic balance equations that define its structure and formation rules. The transport and economic balance of the Russian Federation aggregate the actual and forecast freight flows and their correspondence between the regions of the country (OD-matrix) by rail, road, inland water and maritime transport by type of commodities. The balance of actual freight traffic built for 2007-2016 based on statistics for industrial production, domestic and external trade, construction, agriculture and energy, as well as statistics for rail, maritime, inland water and road transport. The forecast of the cargo base and freight traffic is built for the period up to 2030 using the scenarios and forecast estimations by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, as well as the indices of regional economic development, considering the technological and transport connectivity of main cargo generating industries. The TEB will make it possible to calculate and substantiate the predicted impacts on the infrastructure considering various options for its reconstruction and development, changing routes, optimally distribute the forecasted flows over the network, considering the predicted characteristics of throughput, speeds and predictability of delivery time, workload of transport network and elimination of bottlenecks

Control of objects parameters in non-standard guiding systems and in free space

Поступила: 10.03.2019. Принята в печать: 20.03.2019.Received: 10.03.2019. Accepted: 20.03.2019.Обсуждаются методы контроля параметров устройств, электронных компонентов и материалов в нестандартных волноведущих системах и в свободном пространстве. Предложен оригинальный LR-метод исключения влияния переходов с отрезками нестандартных электрически длинных линий, основанный на итерационной процедуре обработки параметров рассеяния их сквозного L-соединения и R-соединения в режиме с отражающей нагрузкой. Рассмотрен способ определения фазовой скорости и коэффициента затухания электромагнитных волн в полосковых линиях и Π-образном волноводе. Приведены результаты сопоставительного анализа методов контроля объектов в полосковых линиях передачи. Обсуждаются конструкции технических средств контроля параметров мощных СВЧ-резисторов.Methods for monitoring the parameters of devices, electronic components and materials in non-standard waveguide systems and in free space are discussed. The original LR-method for eliminating the effect of transitions with segments of non-standard electrically long lines is submitted. The method is based on the iterative procedure for processing the scattering parameters of their end-to-end L-connection and R-connection in the mode with the reflective load. The method for determining the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves in striplines and the U-shaped waveguide is considered. The results of the comparative analysis of methods for monitoring objects in stripline transmission lines are introduced. The constructions of technical means for controlling the parameters of high-power microwave resistors are discussed

Induced pseudoscalar coupling of the proton weak interaction

The induced pseudoscalar coupling $g_p$ is the least well known of the weak coupling constants of the proton's charged--current interaction. Its size is dictated by chiral symmetry arguments, and its measurement represents an important test of quantum chromodynamics at low energies. During the past decade a large body of new data relevant to the coupling $g_p$ has been accumulated. This data includes measurements of radiative and non radiative muon capture on targets ranging from hydrogen and few--nucleon systems to complex nuclei. Herein the authors review the theoretical underpinnings of $g_p$, the experimental studies of $g_p$, and the procedures and uncertainties in extracting the coupling from data. Current puzzles are highlighted and future opportunities are discussed.Comment: 58 pages, Latex, Revtex4, prepared for Reviews of Modern Physic