Modelling and Parameter Identification of Ex-Situ Biological Biogas Upgrading

In this paper, a model of ex-situ biological biogas upgrading process is first developed. Then, parameter sensitivity analysis is performed, in order to determine the most relevant parameters for subsequent parameter identification, based on a linear fractional transformation (LFT) reformulation of the model. Biogas composition and volumetric production have been well predicted by the calibrated model, allowing its adoption as a designing tool for start-up operation of experimental pilot-scale activity

MicroRNA 193b-3p as a predictive biomarker of chronic kidney disease in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma

Background: A significant proportion of patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN) for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) within a few years following surgery. Chronic kidney disease has important health, social and economic impact and no predictive biomarkers are currently available. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs implicated in several pathological processes. Methods: Primary objective of our study was to define miRs whose deregulation is predictive of CKD in patients treated with RN. Ribonucleic acid from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded renal parenchyma (cortex and medulla isolated separately) situated >3 cm from the matching RCC was tested for miR expression using nCounter NanoString technology in 71 consecutive patients treated with RN for RCC. Validation was performed by RT–PCR and in situ hybridisation. End point was post-RN CKD measured 12 months post-operatively. Multivariable logistic regression and decision curve analysis were used to test the statistical and clinical impact of predictors of CKD. Results: The overexpression of miR-193b-3p was associated with high risk of developing CKD in patients undergoing RN for RCC and emerged as an independent predictor of CKD. The addition of miR-193b-3p to a predictive model based on clinical variables (including sex and estimated glomerular filtration rate) increased the sensitivity of the predictive model from 81 to 88%. In situ hybridisation showed that miR-193b-3p overexpression was associated with tubule-interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in patients with no clinical or biochemical evidence of pre-RN nephropathy. Conclusions: miR-193b-3p might represent a useful biomarker to tailor and implement surveillance strategies for patients at high risk of developing CKD following RN

Formare coscienze mature. L'impegno educativo dell'Azione cattolica in centocinquant'anni di storia

I saggi raccolti nel volume ricostruiscono il profilo e la portata dell'impegno formativo dell'Azione cattolica italiana lungo i suoi centocinquant'anni di vita. La storia dell'opera educativa dell'AC \ue8 una storia lunga, articolata, complessa, che si intreccia fortemente con la vita della Chiesa e dell'Italia. La formazione delle coscienze promossa dall'Azione Cattolica ha infatti inciso chiaramente non solo sulla dinamica ecclesiale, ma anche sul contesto sociale e politico italiano

AAV9-mediated engineering of autotransplanted kidney of non-human primates

Ex vivo gene transfer to the graft before transplantation is an attractive option for circumventing systemic side effects of chronic antirejection therapy. Gene delivery of the immunomodulatory protein cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig) prevented chronic kidney rejection in a rat model of allotransplantation without the need for systemic immunosuppression. Here we generated adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) and AAV9 vectors encoding for LEA29Y, an optimized version of CTLA4-Ig. Both LEA29Y vectors were equally efficient for reducing T-cell proliferation in vitro. Serotype 9 was chosen for in vivo experiments owing to a lower frequency of preformed antibodies against the AAV9 capsid in 16 non-human primate tested sera. AAV9-LEA29Y was able to transduce the kidney of non-human primates in an autotransplantation model. Expression of LEA29Y mRNA by renal cells translated into the production of the corresponding protein, which was confined to the graft but not detected in serum. Results in non-human primates represent a step forward in maintaining the portability of this strategy into clinics

MicroRNA-324-3p promotes renal fibrosis and is a target of ACE inhibition

The contribution of microRNA (miRNA) to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis is not well understood. Here, we investigated whether miRNA modulates the fibrotic process in Munich Wistar Fromter (MWF) rats, which develop spontaneous progressive nephropathy. We analyzed the expression profile of miRNA in microdissected glomeruli and found that miR-324-3p was the most upregulated. In situ hybridization localized miR-324-3p to glomerular podocytes, parietal cells of Bowman's capsule, and most abundantly, cortical tubules. A predicted target of miR-324-3p is prolyl endopeptidase (Prep), a serine peptidase involved in the metabolism of angiotensins and the synthesis of the antifibrotic peptide N-acetyl-serylaspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP). In cultured tubular cells, transient transfection with a miR-324-3p mimic reduced Prep protein and activity, validating Prep as a target of this miRNA. In MWF rats, upregulation of miR-324-3p associated with markedly reduced expression of Prep in both glomeruli and tubules, low urine Ac-SDKP, and increased deposition of collagen. ACE inhibition downregulated glomerular and tubular miR-324-3p, promoted renal Prep expression, increased plasma and urine Ac-SDKP, and attenuated renal fibrosis. In summary, these results suggest that dysregulation of the miR-324-3p/Prep pathway contributes to the development of fibrosis in progressive nephropathy. The renoprotective effects of ACE inhibitors may result, in part, frommodulation of this pathway, suggesting that itmay hold other potential therapeutic targets

Giuseppe Dossetti: la fede e la storia. Studi nel decennale della morte

A dieci anni dalla morte di Giuseppe Dossetti (15 dicembre 1996) la Fondazione per le scienze religiose ha promosso una serie di colloqui e incontri per studiare meglio la figura e le fonti relative a questo protagonista della cultura e del cristianesimo del Novecento. Il colloquio conclusivo di un lungo itinerario iniziato a Pechino e proseguito attraverso varie città in Italia e nel mondo, ha avuto luogo a Bologna e ha segnato una occasione per uno status quæstionis indispensabile: una prima serie di studi viene qui pubblicata e raccoglie ricerche sui nodi della vita di Dossetti, su momenti decisivi del suo percorso, sui grandi sfondi nei quali la sua vita di giurista, di resistente, di politico, di teologo, di fondatore si è inserita. Giuseppe Alberigo (che in questo convegno ha profuso un grande impegno e che ha dato una straordinaria lezione su Dossetti al Vaticano II divenuta uno dei suoi ultimi apporti alla ricerca storica), aveva voluto che il convegno portasse come titolo «La fede e la storia» per indicare la polarità propria della vita di Dossetti. Titolo che si è rivelato adatto anche per questa prima raccolta di atti, in cui sono pubblicati gli scritti di G. Alberigo, U. Allegretti, M. Faggioli, L. Guerzoni, U. Mazzone, A. Melloni, G. Mori, V. Pacillo, A. Parola, P. Pombeni, P. Prodi, G. Ruggieri, P. Trionfini, con una prefazione di Romano Prodi