Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms

In this article, we review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. We begin by describing the pioneering work of Macaluso and Corbino over a century ago on linear magneto-optical effects (in which the properties of the medium do not depend on the light power) in the vicinity of atomic resonances, and contrast these effects with various nonlinear magneto-optical phenomena that have been studied both theoretically and experimentally since the late 1960s. In recent years, the field of nonlinear magneto-optics has experienced a revival of interest that has led to a number of developments, including the observation of ultra-narrow (1-Hz) magneto-optical resonances, applications in sensitive magnetometry, nonlinear magneto-optical tomography, and the possibility of a search for parity- and time-reversal-invariance violation in atoms.Comment: 51 pages, 23 figures, to appear in Rev. Mod. Phys. in Oct. 2002, Figure added, typos corrected, text edited for clarit

Asymmetric Reactions in Water Catalyzed by L-Proline Tethered on Thermoresponsive Ionic Copolymers

L-Proline was covalently tethered on thermoresponsive ionic block copolymers that formed micelles in aqueous solutions. The block copolymers consisted of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) segment and an anionic or cationic polymer segment. These copolymers exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior at ca. 35–40 °C, and achieved thermal stimuli-induced formation and dissociation of micelles. The copolymer generated micelles in aqueous solution at higher temperature, where a catalytic aldol reaction proceeded with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The micelles dissociated at lower temperature to form a clear solution such that the products could be efficiently extracted from the aqueous reaction mixture. Extraction of the aldol product with organic solvent from the aqueous solution of the anionic copolymer was more efficient than from the nonionic copolymer solutio

Erratum to ‘Effect of zwitterions on electrochemical properties of oligoether-based electrolytes’ [Electrochim. Acta 175 (2015) 209–213] (S0013468614025146) (10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.067))

The publisher regrets that an error occurred in Fig. 1. The correct Fig. 1 appears below: The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused