34 research outputs found
¿Es capaz el mindfulness de reducir la intensidad de juicio y el efecto de falso consenso?
Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017El mindfulness es, por definición, la acción de prestar atención completa a la experiencia presente de
una forma particular, con un propósito y sin hacer juicios o evaluaciones de los eventos privados
experimentados y de los estímulos externos relacionados con estos eventos privados. Este ejercicio es
una técnica de relajación que, en numerosos estudios, ha demostrado ser capaz de producir efectos
positivos en el ámbito laboral, educativo y sanitario. Sin embargo, es escasa la literatura que explica
los mecanismos cognitivos a los que afecta esta técnica y que explicarían estos efectos. Algunos de los
estudios que pretenden dar una explicación a tales efectos han demostrado que el mindfulness es capaz
de mejorar las capacidades cognitivas y los procesos atencionales. En lo referido a procesos
atributivos, se ha demostrado que algunos de los sesgos atributivos elementales, como el sesgo de
correspondencia, se reducen de forma significativa con la práctica de esta técnica dada la capacidad
para otorgar a sus practicantes la habilidad de realizar observaciones centradas en el momento presente
e impedir en gran medida la actuación de mecanismos automáticos de prejuicio y estereotipación. El
presente estudio pretende conocer en qué medida es capaz el mindfulness de modificar la intensidad
con la que las personas emiten juicios morales, así como a cometer errores atributivos, en concreto el
efecto de falso consenso. Para este cometido se ha contado con una muestra de 440 participantes y se
han utilizado herramientas como el cuestionario MINDSENS, la Escala de Necesidad de Cognición y
cuestionarios de elaboración propia donde los participantes debían emitir juicios, considerar el
consenso social existente y situar estas respuestas en una dimensión de intensidad. Los resultados
obtenidos reflejan una reducción significativa del efecto de falso consenso en los participantes
meditadores. Sin embargo, no se aprecian diferencias en la intensidad de los juicios emitidos entre
meditadores y no meditadores.Mindfulness is, by definition, the action of paying attention to the actual experience in a particular
way, with a purpose and without making judgments or evaluations of the experienced private events
and the external stimuli related to these private events. This exercise is a relaxation technique that, in
many studies, has shown to be able to produce positive effects in the labor, educational and health
field. However, there are not many literature explaining the cognitive mechanisms that affect this
technique and explain these effects. Some of the studies that attempt to explain the stories have shown
that mindfulness is capable of improving cognitive abilities and attentional processes. With regard to attributive processes, it has been shown that some of the biases of elemental attributions, such as
correspondence bias, are significantly reduced with the practice of this technique given the ability to
give its practitioners the ability to perform observations centered on the present moment and greatly
impede the performance of automatic mechanisms of prejudice and stereotyping. The present study
intends to know to what extent the mindfulness is able to modify the intensity with which people emit
moral judgments, as well as to commit attributive errors, in particular the effect of false consensus. For
this purpose, a sample of 440 participants has used tools such as the MINDSENS questionnaire, the
Cognition Need Scale and the self-elaboration questionnaires where participants should make
judgments, consider the existing social consensus and find these answers in An intensity dimension
The results obtained reflect a significant reduction of the effect of false consensus on the meditator
participants. However, there are no differences in the intensity of the judgments emitted between
meditators and non-meditators
A ruthenium polypyridyl intercalator stalls DNA replication forks, radiosensitizes human cancer cells and is enhanced by Chk1 inhibition
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes can intercalate DNA with high affinity and prevent cell
proliferation; however, the direct impact of ruthenium-based intercalation on cellular DNA replication
remains unknown. Here we show the multi-intercalator [Ru(dppz)2(PIP)]2+ (dppz =
dipyridophenazine, PIP = 2-(phenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) immediately stalls
replication fork progression in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. In response to this replication
blockade, the DNA damage response (DDR) cell signalling network is activated, with checkpoint
kinase 1 (Chk1) activation indicating prolonged replication-associated DNA damage, and cell
proliferation is inhibited by G1-S cell-cycle arrest. Co-incubation with a Chk1 inhibitor achieves
synergistic apoptosis in cancer cells, with a significant increase in phospho(Ser139) histone H2AX (γ-
H2AX) levels and foci indicating increased conversion of stalled replication forks to double-strand
breaks (DSBs). Normal human epithelial cells remain unaffected by this concurrent treatment.
Furthermore, pre-treatment of HeLa cells with [Ru(dppz)2(PIP)]2+ before external beam ionising
radiation results in a supra-additive decrease in cell survival accompanied by increased γ-H2AX
expression, indicating the compound functions as a radiosensitizer. Together, these results indicate ruthenium-based intercalation can block replication fork progression and demonstrate how these
DNA-binding agents may be combined with DDR inhibitors or ionising radiation to achieve more
efficient cancer cell killing
Reductive Denitration of Nitroarenes
The Pd-catalyzed
reductive denitration of nitroarenes has been
achieved via a direct cleavage of the C–NO<sub>2</sub> bonds.
The catalytic conditions reported exhibit a broad substrate scope
and good functional-group compatibility. Notably, the use of inexpensive
propan-2-ol as a mild reductant suppresses the competitive formation
of anilines, which are normally formed by other conventional reductions.
Mechanistic studies have revealed that alcohols serve as efficient
hydride donors in this reaction, possibly through β-hydride
elimination from palladium alkoxides
Pd(II)-Catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-C–H Oxidation of Arylacetic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis of Benzofuranones
Pd(II)-catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-C–H acetoxylation
of arylacetic acid derivatives is demonstrated with the aid of a novel <i>S</i>-methyl-<i>S</i>-2-pyridylsulfoximine (MPyS)
directing group (DG). The α-mono- and α-unsubstituted
arylacetic acid derivatives were readily employed in the <i>ortho</i>-C–H acetoxylations. The oxidation products are hydrolyzed,
and the MPyS-DG is easily recovered, providing ready access to <i>o</i>-hydroxyarylacetic acids. 3-Mono- and 3-unsubstituted
benzofuranones are synthesized from <i>o</i>-hydroxyarylacetic
acids
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Primary-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Acyloxylation at Room Temperature
With the aid of a novel <i>S</i>-methyl-<i>S</i>-2-pyridyl-sulfoximine (MPyS) directing group (DG), the unactivated primary β-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H bond of MPyS-<i>N</i>-amides oxidizes at room temperature. The catalytic conditions are applicable to the diacetoxylation of primary β,β′-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H bonds, and the carboxylic acid solvent is pivotal in the formation of the C–O bond. The MPyS-DG cleaves from the oxidation products and is recovered. This method provides convenient access to α,α′-disubstituted-β-hydroxycarboxylic acids
Sulfoximine Directed Intermolecular <i>o</i>‑C–H Amidation of Arenes with Sulfonyl Azides
The Ru(II)-catalyzed intermolecular <i>o</i>-C–H amidation of arenes in N-benzoylated sulfoximine with sulfonyl azides is demonstrated. The reaction proceeds with broad substrate scope and tolerates various functional groups. Base hydrolysis of the amidation product provides the anthranilic acid derivatives and methylphenyl sulfoximine (MPS) directing group. This method is successfully employed for the synthesis of HMR 1766
Sulfoximine Directed Intermolecular <i>o</i>‑C–H Amidation of Arenes with Sulfonyl Azides
The Ru(II)-catalyzed intermolecular <i>o</i>-C–H amidation of arenes in N-benzoylated sulfoximine with sulfonyl azides is demonstrated. The reaction proceeds with broad substrate scope and tolerates various functional groups. Base hydrolysis of the amidation product provides the anthranilic acid derivatives and methylphenyl sulfoximine (MPS) directing group. This method is successfully employed for the synthesis of HMR 1766
Cu(I)/<i>N,N</i>-Imine Ligand Catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–C(sp) Coupling of Alkyl Bromides with Alkynes: Scope and Mechanistic Investigation
We
have developed an efficient Cu/N,N-bidentate imine ligand catalytic system for C(sp3)–C(sp)
coupling to obtain internal alkynes, di/trisubstituted allenes and
strained bridged cyclic lactams in moderate to excellent yields from
readily available alkyl(benzyl) bromides in one-pot transformation.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) assisted mechanistic study along with
control experiments support the involvement of bialkynylated copper
species which undergo single electron transfer (SET) with alkyl halides
to generate radical intermediate in the reaction. The N,N-bidentate imine ligand plays a vital role in
stabilization of intermediate copper complex and facilitates the product
formation
Photoinduced Alkyl/Aryl Radical Cascade for the Synthesis of Quaternary CF<sub>3</sub>‑Containing Oxindoles and Indoline Alkaloids
Metal-
and additive-free, photoinduced decarboxylative
radical
alkylation–cyclization of CF3-acrylamides with
alkyl redox-active esters provided the corresponding quaternary CF3-oxindole derivatives in good yields. Notably, diaryliodonium
salts also efficiently participated in the arylation–cyclization
of CF3-acrylamides in environmentally benign H2O as a solvent. The present approach has been extended for the concise
synthesis of CF3-attached indoline alkaloid analogues,
i.e., CF3-(±)-desoxyeseroline, CF3-(±)-esermethole,
and CF3-(±) progesterone receptor antagonists. The
preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction is likely
to proceed through initial photoexcitation of redox-active ester/diaryliodonium
salts followed by the SET process with acrylamide
Sulfoximine-Directed Ruthenium-Catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-C–H Alkenylation of (Hetero)Arenes: Synthesis of EP3 Receptor Antagonist Analogue
The
reusable sulfoximine directing-group-assisted Ru(II)-catalyzed
chemo- and regioselective <i>ortho</i>-C–H
alkenylation of arenes and heteroarenes with acrylates and α,β-unsaturated
ketones/vinyl sulfone is shown. The <i>N</i>-aroyl sulfoximine
undergoes annulation with diphenylacetylene, delivering isoquinolinones
and methyl phenyl sulfoxide. The present protocol is successfully
employed for the synthesis of the EP3 receptor antagonist analogue