Marriage Migration and Labour Market in Bangalore Slums: Scope of Social Work Intervention

Marriage related migration is a crucial factor affecting mobility. It is interesting to note that a large number of poor women enter labour markets in urban centre at the place of destination through marriage. However, existing circumstances of the labour market in urban canters are uncongenial, unpardonable with long hours of work, low wages, and absence of job security etc. It is vital to study the existing situation of female migrants to put in place policies to improve their living and working environment. Thousands of  women and girls migrate from their hinterlands in this present contest marriage migration happen usually from rural to urban city centres mainly in search of employment. They are new to the city life style and environment and find it difficult to make alteration with the changed situation and atmosphere. They have to face a number of problems in the cities they get migrated. Moreover, they are exploited both financially and sexually in the cities above all there is a need to identify means and ways to empower these women in the slum areas. At the national level, the Tenth plan suggests a sector specific three-fold strategy for empowering all women through Social empowerment. But today in India the problems are wide and psychological by nature. In the past two decades, there has been growing recognition of the prevalence of problem, in that migration is affecting young population much in our society. Moreover, it has become apparent that some individuals (Young)   are at greater risk. Social workers are in a unique position to work on the issue of migration, marriage and labour market because of the diversity of practice settings and expertise in clinical practice, group work, policy development and analysis, and community organizing. The profession’s commitment to social change calls on the social work profession to take a leadership role in addressing all public problems. Keywords: Marriage, Migration, Labour Market and Social Work Intervention

A comparative evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two medicinal plants rubia cordifolia and cassia fistula in wistar albino rats

Background: Pain and inflammation are disabling accompaniments of many medical conditions. So, controlling both pain and inflammation assumes the top priority for the physician. Inflammation is a part of a complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, chemicals or irritants. Therapy of pain and inflammation has always been debatable.Methods: Rats were divided into 8 groups of 6 animals of each. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied with carrageenan induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma models. The analgesic activity was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate model. The aqueous extract of Rubia cardifolia root and Cassia fistula leaf preparations were compared with Diclofenac in both acute and sub acute inflammatory models and also in pain model.Results: Various test result parameters were statistically analysed at P value <0.5. In Eddy's hot plate model both RC and CF preparations prolonged the response reaction time, while CF preparation showed longer reaction time than that of RC preparation. In carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma models, both RC and CF preparations showed significant decrease in paw edema volume and granuloma dry weight respectively, but less than that of Diclofenac. RC preparation found to have dose dependant in inflammatory models.Conclusions: RC root and CF leaf preparations were compared head to head and they have been found to have significant dose dependant analgesic activity and dose independent acute and sub acute anti inflammatory activities. Though CF leaf preparation appeared to be a good analgesic than RF root preparation, but failed to do so as an anti inflammatory agent in both inflammatory models. But both test preparations were not equivalent to Diclofenac in all three models

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEUCAS MARRUBIOIDES DESF. ROOT EXTRACTS

Objective: The number of multidrug-resistant microbial strains and the appearance of strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics forced scientists to search for new antimicrobial agents from plants. The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial potential of Leucas marrubioides Desf. root extracts.Methods: The roots of L. marrubioides was extracted with solvents of varying polarity, namely pet-ether, chloroform, and methanol. The phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively to identify the major phytoconstituents present in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was evaluated against five Gram-positive bacteria, five Gram-negative bacteria and six fungal strains by agar well diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by Broth dilution method.Results: The results of the study indicated that the pet-ether and chloroform extracts of the plant were highly effective towards most of the Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains. While, the methanol extract was moderately active towards all the tested organisms. The pet ether extract had lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against V. cholerae and Curvularia sp and chloroform extract had lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against only C. neoformans. The methanol extract showed MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against the organisms S. pyogenes, C. neoformans and C. albicans.Conclusion: The potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains may be due to the presence of broad spectrum antibiotic compound in the extracts. The study validates the use of the plant in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.Â

Low genetic diversity among isolates of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans: evidence for recent worldwide dispersion from a single common ancestor

The genetic variation of Duddingtonia flagrans, which has become a promising biocontrol agent of animal parasitic nematodes, was investigated in a worldwide collection of 22 isolates. We analysed the sequence variation in four nuclear genes, tubA (beta-tubulin), CMD1 (calmodulin), EF1alpha (translation elongation factor 1alpha), and PII (extracellular serine protease). 1428 aligned base pairs (bp) were analysed from the four genes, including 709 bp of introns. In addition, the variations in three anonymous genomic regions comprising 1155 bp were examined. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the seven loci, none of them in the protein encoding genes. The genetic variation was significantly higher in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora, the closest evolutionary relative to D. flagrans. Analysis of 12 isolates of A. oligospora revealed 30 SNPs in tub A, CMD1, EF1alpha and PII. The genetic variation in the isolates of D. flagrans was further examined using AFLP analysis. Five primer combinations were used to detect 159 bands, of which 94 (59.1%) were polymorphic. A neighbour-joining tree based on the AFLP data showed no clear association between genotype and geographical origin. Furthermore, the AFLP data suggest that D. flagrans is mainly clonal and no recombination could be detected, not even within the same country. The low genetic variation in D. flagrans suggests that this fungus has recently diverged from a single progenitor. Based on estimations of mutation rates, it was calculated that this most recent common ancestor lived about 16000-23000 years ago

Behavior of Reinforced Sand Subjected To Shear along Vertical Plane

For proper design of any reinforced structure, soil-reinforcement interaction should be determined. The pullout resistance of the reinforcement is an important parameter in the design of reinforced earth structures. The existing design procedures consider the pullout resistance due to only axial pull. However, the kinematics of failure clearly establishes that the reinforcement is displaced obliquely. This work presents the results of reinforced soil bed when sheared normal to the reinforcement. Tests materials included sand and several soil reinforcements like strips, geogrids, etc. The shear stress-displacement responses at various normal stresses are presented and test results show that the shear resistance of reinforced sand under normal shear is significantly higher than that of unreinforced sand. Plots are provided showing the comparison of the shear stress-displacement response of reinforced and unreinforced beds under the test conditions proposed in the study

galaxieEST: addressing EST identity through automated phylogenetic analysis

BACKGROUND: Research involving expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is intricately coupled to the existence of large, well-annotated sequence repositories. Comparatively complete and satisfactory annotated public sequence libraries are, however, available only for a limited range of organisms, rendering the absence of sequences and gene structure information a tangible problem for those working with taxa lacking an EST or genome sequencing project. Paralogous genes belonging to the same gene family but distinguished by derived characteristics are particularly prone to misidentification and erroneous annotation; high but incomplete levels of sequence similarity are typically difficult to interpret and have formed the basis of many unsubstantiated assumptions of orthology. In these cases, a phylogenetic study of the query sequence together with the most similar sequences in the database may be of great value to the identification process. In order to facilitate this laborious procedure, a project to employ automated phylogenetic analysis in the identification of ESTs was initiated. RESULTS: galaxieEST is an open source Perl-CGI script package designed to complement traditional similarity-based identification of EST sequences through employment of automated phylogenetic analysis. It uses a series of BLAST runs as a sieve to retrieve nucleotide and protein sequences for inclusion in neighbour joining and parsimony analyses; the output includes the BLAST output, the results of the phylogenetic analyses, and the corresponding multiple alignments. galaxieEST is available as an on-line web service for identification of fungal ESTs and for download / local installation for use with any organism group at . CONCLUSIONS: By addressing sequence relatedness in addition to similarity, galaxieEST provides an integrative view on EST origin and identity, which may prove particularly useful in cases where similarity searches return one or more pertinent, but not full, matches and additional information on the query EST is needed

A comparative study of low multidirectional locked nailing and locking compression plating in management of distal tibia fractures

Background: Ideal management for distal tibial meta-diaphyseal fracture remains controversial, due to lack of adequate evidences about implants and multiple treatment modalities. Most commonly these fractures were dealt with either locking compression plate (LCP) or by multi directional intra-medullary nail (IMIL). Aim is to compare these two implants, to understand the mechanism and find out the ideal implant for the management of distal tibia fractures.Methods: This study is prospective and comparative done at the associated hospitals of KMC Mangalore, spanning a period of around 2 years (October 2014 to July 2016). All patients presented with distal tibial meta-diaphyseal fractures were included in the study. Patients were treated with either low multi directional IMIL nail or by LCP and followed up for a minimum period of 6 months. Outcome measures included Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), wound issues, union of the fracture and patient mobility.Results: 50 consecutive patients (mean age 40 years) were included in the study, divided equally into 2 groups. Group-A treated with multi directional IMIL nail and group-B with MIPPO plating. Mean functional OMAS score for nailing is 91 and for plating is 88. All fractures treated with nailing united within 6 months and 4% patient treated by plating goes mal union and 4% infected.Conclusions: For distal tibial fracture management, intra-medullary nailing proved reliable surgical option with regards to the OMAS score, fracture union and less infection rates

Insecticidal Evaluation of Bridelia Micrantha and Dalbergia Lactea Aqueous Extracts for the Control of Podagrica Uniforma (Jacoby) and Nisotra Dilecta (Jacoby) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) Infestation on Okra

Insect pest infestation is a major factor militating against okra production and farmers generally adopt synthetic insecticides for its management. A field trial was undertaken to evaluate the insecticidal potency of Bridelia micrantha and Dalbergia lactea for the management of Podagrica uniforma (Jacoby) and Nisotra dilecta (Jacoby) insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The treatments consisted of aqueous leaf extracts of Bridelia micrantha and Dalbergia lactea and Cypermethrin as check; laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and repli-cated three times. Data was collected on insect population before treatment application and 3 days after spraying of insecticides at 28, 35, 42, 56 days after planting (DAP). Yield parameters data collected were number of fruits and fruit weight. Results obtained showed that the plant extracts exhibited effectiveness in reducing the insect population and improved okra fruit yield compared to Cypermethrin. The order of effectiveness in decreasing sequence was found to be Cypermethrin ˃ D. lacteal ˃ B. micrantha. D. lacteal and B. micrantha crude extracts could be explored as promising insecticidal agents to provide valuable alternatives to chemical control of insect infestation on okra. Further study is recommended to determine the chemical constituents responsible for the plant insecticidal activity

Studies on the effects of Adansonia Digitata Lin's fruits on diabetes

The point of this study is to look into how Adansonia digitata Linn plants can help people with diabetes. The bioactive extract was chosen by using the Haemoglobin Glycosylation Inhibition Assay and α-Amylase Inhibition Assay in a lab setting.So, the ethanolic solution was the most effective at fighting diabetes. In vivo study was done on it because of this. The extract was determined to be safe up to a level of 5000 mg/kg in a trial on acute poisoning. Anti-diabetic action was tested using a model of diabetes mellitus caused by streptozotocin. The factors that were looked at were changes in body weight and blood sugar levels. It was determined that following significant necrotic alterations, a damaged β-cell population, and smaller cells, the cells in the diabetes control group developed atrophy and fibrosis. The group that got the test amount, on the other hand, had normal pancreatic cells, more and bigger islets, and no necrosis or fibrotic changes. These were about the same amounts as those found in people who took Glibenclamide, which is the common drug. The analysis of phytochemicals showed that flavonoids exist. These chemicals may be what give Adansonia digitata Linn's fruits their ability to help people with diabetes. The current study says that ethanolic extract greatly lowers the chance of getting diabetes in both lab-based and real-life setting