Vibrational-Rotational-Electronic Correlations in Molecular Photoionization.

Using the method of detecting dispersed fluorescence from electronically excited photoions, measurements of their vibrational and rotational distributions over a 200 eV photon energy range are presented. The vibrational distributions following 2\rm\sigma\sb{u}\sp{-1} photoionization of N\sb2 show a non-Franck-Condon behavior over a very broad energy range of nearly 100 eV. Comparison of these new results with detailed theoretical calculations of Wang & McKoy allow the interpretation of this Franck-Condon breakdown as arising from a dependence of Cooper minima on molecular bond length. The results highlight the molecular character of photoionization dynamics, even deep in the ionization continuum. For a detailed investigation of the R-dependence of the Cooper minima, rotational state resolved measurements into alternative vibrational channels are determined over the same photo-excitation energy range as was carried out for the vibrationally resolved measurements. By simultaneously determining the vibrational and rotational energy deposition into the photoion, we investigate vibrational-rotational-electronic (V-R-E) coupling over a broad range of electron energy. These N\sb2 results help better characterize the underlying dynamics of photoionization and the role of molecular Cooper minima. Vibrational distribution measurements are presented for the iso-electronic species CO over a similar energy range. The effectiveness of dispersed fluorescence measurements as a survey tool for picking out near-edge structure is demonstrated in the results of K-shell photoionization measurements of N\sb2

Computational binding mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UDP-NAG enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) with inhibitors fosfomycin, cyclic disulfide analog RWJ-3981, pyrazolopyrimidine analog RWJ-110192, purine analog RWJ-140998, 5-sulfonoxy-anthranilic aci

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) remains the most frequent and important infectious disease causing morbidity and death. One-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of TB. In this context, TB is in the top three, with malaria and HIV being the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent, and about two million deaths are attributable to TB annually. The bacterial enzyme MurA catalyzes the transfer of enolpyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UNAG), which is the first committed step of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. In this work, 3D structural model of Mtb-MurA enzyme has been developed, for the first time, by homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The model provided clear insight in its structure features, i.e. substrate binding pocket, and common docking site. Multiple sequence alignment and 3D structure model provided the putative substrate binding pocket of Mtb-MurA with respect to E.coli MurA. This analysis was helpful in identifying the binding sites and molecular function of the MurA homologue. Molecular docking study was performed on this 3D structural model, using different classes of inhibitors like fosfomycin, cyclic disulfide analog RWJ-3981, pyrazolopyrimidine analog RWJ-110192, purine analog RWJ-140998, 5-sulfonoxy-anthranilic acid derivatives T6361, T6362 and the results showed that the 5-sulfonoxyanthranilic acid derivatives is showed best interaction compared with other inhibitor, taking in to this we also design a new efficient analogs of T6361 and T6362 which are showed even better interaction with Mtb-MurA than the parental5-sulfonoxy-anthranilic acid derivatives. Further the comparative molecular electrostatic potential and cavity depth analysis of Mtb-MurA suggested several important differences in its substrate and inhibitor binding pocket. Such differences could be exploited in the future for designing of a more specific inhibitor for Mtb-MurA enzym

A study of angular momentum loss in binaries using the free Lagrange method

The evolution of a binary star system depends greatly on the angular momentum losses in the system brought about by gravitational radiation and mass outflow (e.g., evaporating winds and magnetic braking) from the secondary component of the binary. Using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic fluid code based on the free Lagrange method, we study the loss of specific angular momentum from a binary system due to an evaporative wind from the companion of a millisecond pulsar. We consider binaries of different mass ratios and winds of different initial velocities and in particular attempt to model the system PSR 1957+20. We are in the process of incorporating the effect of the radiation force from the pulsar and the magnetic field of the companion on the mass outflow. The latter effect would also enable us to study magnetic braking in cataclysmic variables and low-mass X-ray binaries

Performance Assessment of Polyphase Sequences Using Cyclic Algorithm

Polyphase Sequences (known as P1, P2, Px, Frank) exist for a square integer length with good auto correlation properties are helpful in the several applications. Unlike the Barker and Binary Sequences which exist for certain length and exhibits a maximum of two digit merit factor. The Integrated Sidelobe level (ISL) is often used to define excellence of the autocorrelation properties of given Polyphase sequence. In this paper, we present the application of Cyclic Algorithm named CA which minimizes the ISL (Integrated Sidelobe Level) related metric which in turn improve the Merit factor to a greater extent is main thing in applications like RADAR, SONAR and communications. To illustrate the performance of the P1, P2, Px, Frank sequences when cyclic Algorithm is applied. we presented a number of examples for integer lengths. CA(Px) sequence exhibits the good Merit Factor among all the Polyphase sequences that are considered

Dynamic Analysis, Identification and Control Studies of Aero-Engine Model Rotor-Bearing Systems

Aero-engines have high speed rotors carrying multi-stage turbine and compressor discs. Such systems need continuous monitoring during the operating regime. These rotors are mounted on ball bearings supported with squeeze film dampers and connected to stator casings. The motions of bearings and rotor are influenced by each other and therefore such a system requires structural dynamic studies. These rotors involve several nonlinear factors including contact forces, varying compliance vibration of ball bearing, nonlinear oil-film force of squeeze film damper etc Solving such nonlinear dynamic problems using the traditional transfer matrix method, modal synthesis approach, finite element method or impedance coupling technique is therefore a challenging task. Present work focuses on modelling of rotors using ball bearing nonlinearities along with nonlinear secondary transient excitations using finite element modelling. In order to validate the finite element model, preliminary dynamic analysis is carried out using linear spring-damper bearing elements. Results are illustrated both for LP rotor model and twin-spool rotor. Initially, the natural frequencies obtained from the computer program based on Timoshenko beam elements are validated with ANSYS results. Further, the results are also validated with those obtained from impact hammer tests on a scaled dual disk rotor-bearing system. To utilize this finite element model, the time and frequency-domain response studies are conducted with double-row ball bearing forces, rub-impact forces, Muszynska’s gas transients along with squeeze-film forces. In all the cases, differences from simple rotor supported by single-row ball bearings with only unbalance excitations have been reported. Using the fundamental frequency and its amplitude, an inverse modelling approach is applied to predict the parameters of rotor bearing system such as increased bearing clearance, changes in disc unbalances and the centralizing spring constants in squeeze-film damper. In this regard, a trained model of 3-layer perceptron neural network model is employed. In the second study, changes in dynamic response due to waviness and race-way defects in ball-bearings are first studied using modified contact force relations. Using this data, type of bearing fault is estimated from the statistical parameters of the time-domain signal by training an unsupervised Kohenen’s neural network model. Here, the simulated data is collected from the rotor over an operating speed range. In the third study, the additional stiffness of rotor due to rub-impact forces is identified from optimization modelling. Such identification of rotor stiffening effect using finite element modelling is a new concept. Two types of control studies are proposed to minimize the amplitudes of rotor during the critical operating conditions. Semi active electromagnetic damper design helps in reducing vibration amplitudes of the LP rotor over a frequency range of interest. Here, the damper comprises of an electro-magnet and a spring. The required current and spring stiffness are identified from the basic relations and the results of control are illustrated with a two-disc LP rotor model. In active controller design, an electromagnetic actuator model is employed. The nominal gap maintained between the rotor and actuator coils is used in computing the actuator force. A proportional derivative (PD) control strategy is used to estimate the required forces. A neural network based alternate control scheme also proposed to compute the required actuator forces. In overall, the work focussed on the dynamic analysis of dual disc rotor model subjected to parametric nonlinear bearing loads under the action of various external forces and some controller design aspects applicable to this rotor

Some hematological and biochemical parameters in smokeless tobacco (Jharda) chewers

The effect of Jharda powder (smokeless tobacco) on some hematological and biochemical parameters in consumers was investigated. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin content and white blood cell and leukocyte counts were higher in jharda powder consumers, while monocytes and basophiles counts were lower. Higher biochemical parameters like serum cholesterol, glucose and protein were observed in blood samples of Jharda consumers

Improved Integrity and Confidentiality by Arresting Intrusion and Insider Attacks in Public Cloud Environments

When we focus on Could Computing domain in connection to data as a service sophisticated techniques are been adopted to deal but security parameter became a crucial point to focus in order to contribute effective data services thus makes us to emphasize on privacy preserving techniques that improves  reliability. Intruder attacks have to be handled to order build tractability to data facilitators over public clouds, so that your privacy is our priority policy could be deployed effectively. To solve the problem of insider attacks on the cloud environment, we propose a novel technique to safeguard the data within the virtual machines. In the cloud environment, the machine which will have all the virtual machines is called a host machine. Hypervisor is software which will run the virtual machines. The hypervisor in general encrypts the virtual machines data and upon request in providing appropriate credentials the hypervisor decrypts the virtual machine data and makes it available to the users of public cloud. In this project we propose a novel technique in which the hypervisor keeps the cloud data in encrypted format along with the virtual machine. We elaborate this technique using a medical scenario in which the doctors and patients share data on the cloud. Thus, using this technique, the cloud infrastructure resources and data within them are protected from insider attacks. We have proposed a novel mechanism in which the virtual machines and their data on the cloud server can be safeguarded for data privacy and confidentiality with the help of hypervisors to encrypt the virtual machines data and decrypt them for the authorized people of a public cloud. We demonstrated this using medical scenario in which a patient can upload his health information in encrypted format to the cloud server. The doctor can view this health information and suggest required medicines. An insider such as an un-trusted cloud service administrator can try to modify or steal this information but that gets recorded and would be available for the cloud service provider for stringent actions

Antibacterial Activity of a Mushroom - Stereum ostrea

The antimicrobial activity of crude culture filtrate and methanol extract of Stereum ostrea was evaluated by disc diffusion method against two Gram-negative bacteria- Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus sps. To determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) we studied concentrations of 10-50 µl of crude and methanol extract of Stereum ostrea against selected bacteria. Crude culture filtrate was highly inhibitory when compared to methanol extract, which were evident through the increased zones of inhibition against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Crude culture filtrate of Stereum ostrea showed highest and lowest percent of inhibition zone against Bacillus subtilis (15.9 mm) and Klebsiella pneumonia (9.1mm). These results indicate that crude culture filtrate of Stereum ostrea possesses potential broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Stereum ostrea, Crude culture filtrate, Methanol extract, Antimicrobial activity, MI

Mapping of B-cell epitopic sites and delineation of functional domains on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

A recombinant baculovirus expressing membrane bound form of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) was employed to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PPRV-HN protein. Four different mAbs were employed for mapping of regions on HN carrying B-cell epitopes using deletion mutants of PPRV-HN and RPV-H proteins expressed in Escherichia coli as well as PPRV-HN deletion proteins expressed transiently in mammalian cells. The immuno-reactivity pattern indicated that all mAbs bind to two discontinuous regions of amino acid sequence 263-368 and 538-609 and hence the epitopes identified are conformation-dependent. The binding regions for three mAbs were shown to be immunodominant employing competitive ELISA with vaccinated sheep sera. Delineation of functional domains on PPRV-HN was carried out by assessing the ability of these mAbs to inhibit neuramindase activity and hemagglutination activity. Two mAbs inhibited NA activity by more than 63% with substrate N-acetyl neuraminolactose, while with Fetuin one mAb showed inhibition of NA activity (95%). Of the three antigenic sites identified based on competitive inhibition assay, site 2 could be antigenically separated into 2a and 2b based on inhibition properties. All the four mAbs are virus neutralizing and recognized PPRV-HN in immunofluorescence assay