Variants of significance: medical genetics and surgical outcomes in congenital heart disease

Purpose of review: This article reviews the current understanding and limitations in knowledge of the effect genetics and genetic diagnoses have on perioperative and postoperative surgical outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Recent findings: Presence of a known genetic diagnosis seems to effect multiple significant outcome metrics in CHD surgery including length of stay, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, mortality, bleeding, and heart failure. Data regarding the effects of genetics in CHD is complicated by lack of standard genetic assessment resulting in inaccurate risk stratification of patients when analyzing data. Only 30% of variation in CHD surgical outcomes are explained by currently measured variables, with 2.5% being attributed to diagnosed genetic disorders, it is thought a significant amount of the remaining outcome variation is because of unmeasured genetic factors. Summary: Genetic diagnoses clearly have a significant effect on surgical outcomes in patients with CHD. Our current understanding is limited by lack of consistent genetic evaluation and assessment as well as evolving knowledge and discovery regarding the genetics of CHD. Standardizing genetic assessment of patients with CHD will allow for the best risk stratification and ultimate understanding of these effects

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

n/

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Badanie tworzenia sie lotnych N-nitrozoamin w serach typu zulawski, gouda i edamski

Zulaw, Gouda and Edam cheeses were produced in a cheese dairy with the use of diversified addition of KN0 3 to milk in the amount of: 0.00 - 0.01 - 0.02 %. Occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in all cheeses at the level 0.04-3.79 µg/k:g can be regarded as common. However, in some samples there were found locally high concentrations of NDMA ranging from 18.94 to 168.80 µg/k:g. Variance analysis of NDMA content in all cheeses showed that the amount of KN0 3 additive to milk did not influence the quantity ofNDMA. On the other hand, it was proved that the formation ofNDMA in Zulaw cheese was connected with the duration of its ripening. The quantity of NDMA as a time function c:an be expressed by the equation y=a+bx (a=0.182; b=l.202x 10- 2; error probability = l.192x 10- 1) which is met for about 40 % of observed NDMA content variability in Zulaw cheese. The formation of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA1 N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDEA1 N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA1 N-nitrosopiperidine (N-PIP), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (N-PYR) and N-nitrosomorpholine (N-MOR) was occasional and was not related with KN0 3 additive to milk but rather with the degree of cheese ripeness. During the experiments a certain N-nitroso compound was found in Gouda and Edam cheese which has not been described so far and the retention time of which was between those ofNDEA and NDPA

Ocena jakosci kawy zielonej importowanej do Polski

Badaniom poddano ziarna kawy zielonej Coffea canephora var. robusta pochodzącą z Indonezji, Wietnamu, Ugandy, Laosu i Peru, pobraną wprost z ładowni statków. Najniższą jakością charakteryzowała się kawa z Wietnamu, która zawierała średnio 12,84% wody i 20,74% ziaren wadliwych oraz była bardzo niejednolicie wybarwiona. Kawy pochodzące z Indonezji i Peru to surowiec średniej jakości, który zawierał odpowiednio 11,23 i 11,60% wody oraz 1,70 i 1,66% ziaren uszkodzonych przez szkodniki, a także 7,48 i 5,65% ziaren wadliwych. Stosunkowo dobrej jakości był surowiec pochodzący z Ugandy i Laosu, który zawierał odpowiednio 12,34 i 12,36% wody, i w którym stwierdzono najmniejszą ilość ziaren wadliwych: w kawie z Laosu - 3,04% i Ugandy - 4,44%. Ponadto w kawie pochodzącej z Laosu stwierdzono najmniejszą ilość ziaren uszkodzonych przez szkodniki - 0,01%, ale z kolei zawierała ona ok. 4,5% zanieczyszczeń pochodzenia roślinnego i mineralnego (piasek).Green coffee Coffea canephora var. robusta from Indonesia, Vietnam, Uganda, Laos and Peru was analyzed directly after sampling from ships' holds. Coffee from Vietnam was of the lowest quality, and contained 12.84% of water and 20.5% of defective beans on average, and was non-uniformly coloured. Coffee originating from Indonesia and Peru was of average quality and contained respectively 11.23% and 11.60% of water and 1.70% and 1.66% of insect-damaged beans, and also 7.48% and 5.65% of defective beans. The material from Uganda and Laos was of moderately good quality and contained respectively 12.34% and 12.36% of water. It also contained the smallest quantity of defective beans: 3.04% in coffee from Laos and 4.44% in coffee from Uganda. Additionally, the smallest quantity of insect-damaged beans was detected in coffee from Laos - 0.01%, but it contained ca. 4.5% of contaminants of plant and mineral origin (sand)