Second Stage of Reconnaissances in California (1580-1636)

This paper deals with the second stage of Spanish explorations in the Californian area and the Northern Pacific coast focusing on their cartographical results The stategic attention to protect the way to the Philippines and the Spice Islands caused new reconnaissances North of California which triggered several fantasies about the alleged Anian Strait which supposedly connected both sides of the ocean in the polar latitudes After illusion of the supposed voyages led by Fuca and Ferrer was over interest focused on the exploration along the outer coast of the California peninsula in order to discover some bases for the Manila gelleon s return Interest in that area was proven by Vizcaino s expeditions but the search for pearls carried out by Cardona and others was a failur

Invariant and Metric Free Proximities for Data Matching: An R Package

Data matching is a typical statistical problem in non experimental and/or observational studies or, more generally, in cross-sectional studies in which one or more data sets are to be compared. Several methods are available in the literature, most of which based on a particular metric or on statistical models, either parametric or nonparametric. In this paper we present two methods to calculate a proximity which have the property of being invariant under monotonic transformations. These methods require at most the notion of ordering. An open-source software in the form of a R package is also presented

Design of an Intrinsically Motivating AR Experience for Environmental Awareness

Augmented Reality seems a promising tool to provide engaging and effective educational experiences, thanks to its potentiality in stimulating intrinsic motivation, that could influence the learning process and the attitude of the users towards behaviours. This paper presents the Resized Plastic Augmented Reality learning experience, designed on the basis of Dunleavy's framework to provide a systemic overview of the microplastics issue to allow users to understand its mechanisms, educate them about their role in the system and help them to connect this information to their everyday actions

Extracellular vesicles miRNA cargo for microglia polarization in traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and despite its high dissemination, effective pharmacotherapies are lacking. TBI can be divided into two phases: the instantaneous primary mechanical injury, which occurs at the moment of insult, and the delayed secondary injury, which involves a cascade of biological processes that lead to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of both acute and chronic TBI, and it is considered to be one of the major determinants of the outcome and progression of disease. In TBI one of the emerging mechanisms for cell–cell communication involved in the immune response regulation is represented by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). These latter are produced by all cell types and are considered a fingerprint of their generating cells. Exosomes are the most studied nanosized vesicles and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Several miRNAs have been shown to target key neuropathophysiological pathways involved in TBI. The focus of this review is to analyze exosomes and their miRNA cargo to modulate TBI neuroinflammation providing new strategies for prevent long‐term progression of disease

Movimentos sociais de mulheres e modos de vida em transformação: revendo a questão dos recursos de uso comum em comunidades tradicionais.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar comparativamente dois movimentos sociais liderados por mulheres que praticam o extrativismo de recursos de uso comum: o movimento das mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu e o das catadoras de mangaba. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma abordagem qualitativa, através de entrevistas abertas e em grupos de enfoque, além de observações direta e participante, nos lugares de trabalho e em mobilizações e eventos. Os principais resultados mostram como aos enfrentamentos nos seus respectivos campos de trabalho, juntam-se as recentes batalhas nos campos jurídicos e políticos, demandando novos aportes teóricos dos analistas e novas competências dos movimentos sociais, além da revisão do conceito de recurso de uso comum

Exosomes and their Cargo as a New Avenue for Brain and Treatment of CNSRelated Diseases

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which belong to nanoscale vesicles, including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, are now considered a new important tool for intercellular neuronal communication in the Central Nervous System (CNS) under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are shed into blood, peripheral body fluids and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a large variety of cells. EVs can act locally on neighboring and distant cells. EVs represent the fingerprints of the originating cells and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including protein, lipids, DNA and microRNAs (miRNAs). The most studied EVs are the exosomes because they are ubiquitous and have the capacity to transfer cell-derived components and bioactive molecules to target cells. In this minireview, we focused on cell-cell communication in CNS mediated by exosomes and their important cargo as an innovative way to treat or follow up with CNS diseases. © 2022 Benameur et al

The regulatory role of IL-10 in neurodegenerative diseases

IL-10, an immunosuppressive cytokine, is considered an important anti-inflammatory modulator of glial activation, preventing inflammation-mediated neuronal degeneration under pathological conditions. In this narrative review, we summarize recent insights about the role of IL-10 in the neurodegeneration associated with neuroinflammation, in diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Traumatic Brain Injury, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease, focusing on the contribution of this cytokine not only in terms of protective action, but also as possibly responsible for clinical worsening. The knowledge of this double face of the same coin, regarding the biological role of the IL-10, could aid the development of targeted therapies useful for limiting neurodegenerative processes

In vivo cranial bone strain and bite force in the agamid lizard Uromastyx geyri

In vivo bone strain data are the most direct evidence of deformation and strain regimes in the vertebrate cranium during feeding and can provide important insights into skull morphology. Strain data have been collected during feeding across a wide range of mammals; in contrast, in vivo cranial bone strain data have been collected from few sauropsid taxa. Here we present bone strain data recorded from the jugal of the herbivorous agamid lizard Uromastyx geyri along with simultaneously recorded bite force. Principal and shear strain magnitudes in Uromastyx geyri were lower than cranial bone strains recorded in Alligator mississippiensis, but higher than those reported from herbivorous mammals. Our results suggest that variations in principal strain orientations in the facial skeleton are largely due to differences in feeding behavior and bite location, whereas food type has little impact on strain orientations. Furthermore, mean principal strain orientations differ between male and female Uromastyx during feeding, potentially because of sexual dimorphism in skull morphology