The influence of Prohexadione-Ca and young canes removal on biologicalproduction traits of raspberry cultivar Willamette (Rubus idaeus L.)

Црвена малина је најзначајнија јагодаста воћка у нашој земљи узимајући у обзир укупне производне површине и остварене приносе. Сорта “Willamette” је доминантно заступљена у производним засадима захваљујући превасходно богатом биохемијском саставу и изузетном квалитету њених плодова. У последњих неколико година површине под малином се константно повећавају због релативно добрих цена и лаког пласмана плодова, међутим количина произведених плодова се не увећава, јер просечан принос по ha опада. У циљу одржања високе позиције на светском тржишту малине, наша земља мора да обезбеди константно добре приносе и беспрекоран квалитет свежег и смрзнутог плода. Стога се намеће потребa за сталним унапређењем и интензивирањем технологије гајења. Један од основних елемената интензивирања производње малине, поред интродукције нових сорти и модификације постојећих система гајења, је и контрола вегетативног пораста биљака. Мера закидања првих серија младих изданака је традиционални начин контроле раста биљака малине, који омогућава да касније развијени изданци имају довољно простора, светлости и хранљивих материја за свој развој. Међутим, регулисање вегетативног пораста закидањем прве серије младих изданака је скупа помотехничка мера у комерцијалној производњи малине, која захтева ангажовање радне снаге. Последњих година, биљни регулатори раста нашли су широку примену у регулисању вегетативног пораста, смањењу производних трошкова и повећању продуктивности. Prohexadione-Ca је инхибитор биосинтезе гиберелина нове генерације са ниском токсичношћу и ограниченим деловањем, чије је ефикасно дејство на смањење вегетативног пораста испитано код различитих врста воћака. Основни циљ ових истраживања био је да се испита утицај ретарданта раста Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) и помотехничке мере закидања прве серије младих изданака на контролу вегетативног раста, промене у садржају фотосинтетских пигмената, модификацију активности ензима антиоксидационог заштитног система у листовима и плодовима, висину приноса и квалитет плода сорте малине “Willamette”...Red raspberry is the most important berry fruit in our country considering total production area and achieved yields. “Willamette” is predominant cultivar in raspberry plantings due to rich biochemical composition and exceptional fruit quality. In recent years, owing to relatively good price and ensured market, area under raspberry plantings is constantly increasing. However, the quantity of produced fruit does not increase, since the average yield per ha is decreasing. In order to maintain a high position in the raspberry world market, our country has to provide consistently good yields and impeccable quality of both fresh and frozen fruit. Therefore, there is a need for continuous improvement and intensification of agricultural practices. One of the main elements of raspberry production intensification, besides introducing new cultivars and modification of existing cultivation systems, is control of vegetative growth. Removal of young canes is traditional cultural practice for managing raspberry plant growth, which provides enough space, light and nutrients for the later developed canes. However, managing the vegetative growth by removing first series of primocanes is a very labor-intensive and expensive management practice in commercial raspberry production. In recent years, plant growth regulators have widely used in the regulation of vegetative growth, reducing production costs and improving productivity. Prohexadione-Ca is a new-generation gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor with low toxicity and limited persistence, and so far its effective impact on reducing vegetative growth was tested in different fruit crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth regulator Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) and young canes removal on vegetative growth, the changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments, modification activities of antioxidant enzymes defense system in leaves and fruits, yield quantity and fruit quality of raspberry cultivar “Willamette”. Studies were conducted in a commercial raspberry plantation of the cultivar “Willamette” located in Tolisavac village near Krupanj (Mačva district). The orchard was established in 2000 in the form of a vertical trellis system with 2 lines of single wire

The influence of Prohexadione-Ca and young canes removal on biologicalproduction traits of raspberry cultivar "Willamette" (Rubus idaeus L.)

Црвена малина је најзначајнија јагодаста воћка у нашој земљи узимајући у обзир укупне производне површине и остварене приносе. Сорта “Willamette” је доминантно заступљена у производним засадима захваљујући превасходно богатом биохемијском саставу и изузетном квалитету њених плодова. У последњих неколико година површине под малином се константно повећавају због релативно добрих цена и лаког пласмана плодова, међутим количина произведених плодова се не увећава, јер просечан принос по ha опада. У циљу одржања високе позиције на светском тржишту малине, наша земља мора да обезбеди константно добре приносе и беспрекоран квалитет свежег и смрзнутог плода. Стога се намеће потребa за сталним унапређењем и интензивирањем технологије гајења. Један од основних елемената интензивирања производње малине, поред интродукције нових сорти и модификације постојећих система гајења, је и контрола вегетативног пораста биљака. Мера закидања првих серија младих изданака је традиционални начин контроле раста биљака малине, који омогућава да касније развијени изданци имају довољно простора, светлости и хранљивих материја за свој развој. Међутим, регулисање вегетативног пораста закидањем прве серије младих изданака је скупа помотехничка мера у комерцијалној производњи малине, која захтева ангажовање радне снаге. Последњих година, биљни регулатори раста нашли су широку примену у регулисању вегетативног пораста, смањењу производних трошкова и повећању продуктивности. Prohexadione-Ca је инхибитор биосинтезе гиберелина нове генерације са ниском токсичношћу и ограниченим деловањем, чије је ефикасно дејство на смањење вегетативног пораста испитано код различитих врста воћака. Основни циљ ових истраживања био је да се испита утицај ретарданта раста Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) и помотехничке мере закидања прве серије младих изданака на контролу вегетативног раста, промене у садржају фотосинтетских пигмената, модификацију активности ензима антиоксидационог заштитног система у листовима и плодовима, висину приноса и квалитет плода сорте малине “Willamette”...Red raspberry is the most important berry fruit in our country considering total production area and achieved yields. “Willamette” is predominant cultivar in raspberry plantings due to rich biochemical composition and exceptional fruit quality. In recent years, owing to relatively good price and ensured market, area under raspberry plantings is constantly increasing. However, the quantity of produced fruit does not increase, since the average yield per ha is decreasing. In order to maintain a high position in the raspberry world market, our country has to provide consistently good yields and impeccable quality of both fresh and frozen fruit. Therefore, there is a need for continuous improvement and intensification of agricultural practices. One of the main elements of raspberry production intensification, besides introducing new cultivars and modification of existing cultivation systems, is control of vegetative growth. Removal of young canes is traditional cultural practice for managing raspberry plant growth, which provides enough space, light and nutrients for the later developed canes. However, managing the vegetative growth by removing first series of primocanes is a very labor-intensive and expensive management practice in commercial raspberry production. In recent years, plant growth regulators have widely used in the regulation of vegetative growth, reducing production costs and improving productivity. Prohexadione-Ca is a new-generation gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor with low toxicity and limited persistence, and so far its effective impact on reducing vegetative growth was tested in different fruit crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth regulator Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) and young canes removal on vegetative growth, the changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments, modification activities of antioxidant enzymes defense system in leaves and fruits, yield quantity and fruit quality of raspberry cultivar “Willamette”. Studies were conducted in a commercial raspberry plantation of the cultivar “Willamette” located in Tolisavac village near Krupanj (Mačva district). The orchard was established in 2000 in the form of a vertical trellis system with 2 lines of single wire

The influence of Prohexadione-Ca and young canes removal on biologicalproduction traits of raspberry cultivar "Willamette" (Rubus idaeus L.)

Црвена малина је најзначајнија јагодаста воћка у нашој земљи узимајући у обзир укупне производне површине и остварене приносе. Сорта “Willamette” је доминантно заступљена у производним засадима захваљујући превасходно богатом биохемијском саставу и изузетном квалитету њених плодова. У последњих неколико година површине под малином се константно повећавају због релативно добрих цена и лаког пласмана плодова, међутим количина произведених плодова се не увећава, јер просечан принос по ha опада. У циљу одржања високе позиције на светском тржишту малине, наша земља мора да обезбеди константно добре приносе и беспрекоран квалитет свежег и смрзнутог плода. Стога се намеће потребa за сталним унапређењем и интензивирањем технологије гајења. Један од основних елемената интензивирања производње малине, поред интродукције нових сорти и модификације постојећих система гајења, је и контрола вегетативног пораста биљака. Мера закидања првих серија младих изданака је традиционални начин контроле раста биљака малине, који омогућава да касније развијени изданци имају довољно простора, светлости и хранљивих материја за свој развој. Међутим, регулисање вегетативног пораста закидањем прве серије младих изданака је скупа помотехничка мера у комерцијалној производњи малине, која захтева ангажовање радне снаге. Последњих година, биљни регулатори раста нашли су широку примену у регулисању вегетативног пораста, смањењу производних трошкова и повећању продуктивности. Prohexadione-Ca је инхибитор биосинтезе гиберелина нове генерације са ниском токсичношћу и ограниченим деловањем, чије је ефикасно дејство на смањење вегетативног пораста испитано код различитих врста воћака. Основни циљ ових истраживања био је да се испита утицај ретарданта раста Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) и помотехничке мере закидања прве серије младих изданака на контролу вегетативног раста, промене у садржају фотосинтетских пигмената, модификацију активности ензима антиоксидационог заштитног система у листовима и плодовима, висину приноса и квалитет плода сорте малине “Willamette”...Red raspberry is the most important berry fruit in our country considering total production area and achieved yields. “Willamette” is predominant cultivar in raspberry plantings due to rich biochemical composition and exceptional fruit quality. In recent years, owing to relatively good price and ensured market, area under raspberry plantings is constantly increasing. However, the quantity of produced fruit does not increase, since the average yield per ha is decreasing. In order to maintain a high position in the raspberry world market, our country has to provide consistently good yields and impeccable quality of both fresh and frozen fruit. Therefore, there is a need for continuous improvement and intensification of agricultural practices. One of the main elements of raspberry production intensification, besides introducing new cultivars and modification of existing cultivation systems, is control of vegetative growth. Removal of young canes is traditional cultural practice for managing raspberry plant growth, which provides enough space, light and nutrients for the later developed canes. However, managing the vegetative growth by removing first series of primocanes is a very labor-intensive and expensive management practice in commercial raspberry production. In recent years, plant growth regulators have widely used in the regulation of vegetative growth, reducing production costs and improving productivity. Prohexadione-Ca is a new-generation gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor with low toxicity and limited persistence, and so far its effective impact on reducing vegetative growth was tested in different fruit crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth regulator Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) and young canes removal on vegetative growth, the changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments, modification activities of antioxidant enzymes defense system in leaves and fruits, yield quantity and fruit quality of raspberry cultivar “Willamette”. Studies were conducted in a commercial raspberry plantation of the cultivar “Willamette” located in Tolisavac village near Krupanj (Mačva district). The orchard was established in 2000 in the form of a vertical trellis system with 2 lines of single wire

Yield Components and Fruit Quality of Floricane Fruiting Raspberry Cultivars Grown in Serbia

Six floricane fruiting raspberry cultivars ('Willamette', 'Meeker', 'Malahat', 'Tulameen', 'Chilliwack' and 'Glen Ample') grown at the Experimental Station "Radmilovac", a collective raspberry orchard of the Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade University were harvested in the period of 2008-2009. All cultivars were evaluated for their standard parameters of productivity (number of fruiting laterals and inflorescences per cane, number of fruits per cane, and both yield per cane and per meter of hedgerow), fruit quality (fruit weight, index of fruit shape, number of drupelets per fruit), and nutritional value (soluble solids content, sugars content, titratable acidity and vitamin C content). The results from this study showed that the earliest ripening time was observed in 'Malahat' (June 5), whereas 'Glen Ample' was the latest (June 15). 'Chilliwack' expressed significantly higher values of all yield components, including the highest yields per cane and meter of hedgerow (1.2 kg and 7.2 kg, respectively). The average fruit size of 'Glen Ample' was significantly higher (4.7 g) than those of the other cultivars tested. 'Willamette' and 'Chilliwack' had the highest contents of soluble solids (11.7%) and also a very high content of vitamin C was found in 'Chilliwack' (52.3 mg/100 g)

Enzymatic Profile of 'Willamette' Raspberry Leaf and Fruit Affected by Prohexadione-Ca and Young Canes Removal Treatments

The influence of growth regulator prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) concurrently with young canes removal on the modification of photosynthetic pigments content and antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; polyphenol oxidase, PPO; superoxide dismutase, SOD) activities in leaves and fruits of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar 'Willamette' was studied. ProCa increased while canes removal decreased chlorophylls and carotenoids content compared to control. POD, CAT, and PPO activities in leaves after removal of young canes were higher compared to control (2-4 times) which was visually confirmed for POD by isoelectrofocusing. Removal of young canes slithly increased, while ProCa significantly enhanced SOD activity in leaves compared to control (475.10 and 218.38 nkat mg(-1) prot, respectively). Pattern of SOD activity in fruit was similar as in leaf with substantial increase compared to control (about 15 times). Combination of implemented measures increased activity of all enzymes in the leaves and fruits. Our study could provide a better knowledge of the ProCa and canes removal influences on the action of enzymes in order to regulate their activities in fruit products

Improved porosity of insect proof screens enhances quality aspects of zucchini squash without compromising the yield

In a global climate change environment, assuring optimal growing conditions is a difficult challenge, compromising the food supply for a rapidly rising population. The climatic conditions in the protected environment lead to high temperatures and fast insect development, impacting productivity and vegetables qualitative attributes. Consumers’ interest in healthy food requires sustainable tools to manage biotic and abiotic factors and, from this perspective, anti-insect nets represent an excellent “green” solution. For this purpose, our goal was to compare two different anti-insect nets on microclimate, production, and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. fresh fruits. The experiment was conducted in three separate polyethylene high tunnels, with 50 mesh anti-insect nets of different porosities being installed on the openings of two tunnels, while the third tunnel was a control without nets. Microclimate measurements, as well as yield, physiological, and phytochemicals variables, were assessed. The 50 mesh net led to a decrease in marketable yield (22.5%), fruit number (18.0%), CO2 net assimilation rate (6.0%), and transpiration rate (29.5%). Total soluble solids, antioxidant activities and total ascorbic acid concentration had an opposite trend. The 50 mesh AirPlus net improved quality aspects of zucchini fruits by increasing total ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant compounds, with no negative impact on yield

Pearl grey shading net boosts the accumulation of total carotenoids and phenolic compounds that accentuate the antioxidant activity of processing tomato

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide due to its low caloric intake and high fiber, minerals, and phenolic compounds, making it a high-quality functional food. However, fruit quality attributes can be affected by pre-harvest factors, especially environmental stresses. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of two shading nets (white net −30% and pearl grey net −40% shading degree) on the yield and phytochemical profile of tomato fruits grown in summer under the Mediterranean climate. Mineral and organic acid content (by ion chromatography-IC), phenolic profile (by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-UHPLC coupled with an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry-HRMS), carotenoid content (by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection-HPLC-DAD), and antioxidant activities DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP (by UV-VIS spectrophotometry) were determined. Tomato fruits grown under the pearl grey net recorded the highest values of total phenolic compounds (14,997 µg 100 g−1 of fresh weight) and antioxidant activities DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, without affecting either fruit color or marketable yield. The reduction of solar radiation through pearl grey nets proved to be an excellent tool to increase the phytochemical quality of tomato fruits during summer cultivation in a Mediterranean environment

Detection of AmpC Beta-Lactamase in Escherichia coli: Comparison of Three Phenotypic Confirmation Assays and Genetic Analysis▿†

Two mechanisms account for AmpC activity in Escherichia coli, namely, mutations in the ampC promoter and attenuator regions resulting in ampC overexpression and acquisition of plasmid-carried ampC genes. In this study, we analyzed 51 clinical E. coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, or extended-spectrum cephalosporins for the presence of AmpC production. Three phenotypic AmpC confirmation assays (cefoxitin-cloxacillin disk diffusion test, cefoxitin-EDTA disk diffusion test, and AmpC Etest) were compared for the detection of AmpC activity. All 51 isolates were characterized genetically by mutational analysis of the chromosomal ampC promoter/attenuator region and by PCR detection of plasmid-carried ampC genes. Altogether, 21/51 (41%) E. coli isolates were considered true AmpC producers. AmpC activity due to chromosomal ampC promoter/attenuator mutations was found in 12/21 strains, and plasmid-carried ampC genes were detected in 8/21 isolates. One strain contained both ampC promoter mutations and a plasmid-carried ampC gene. All three phenotypic tests were able to detect the majority (>90%) of AmpC-positive strains correctly. Cefoxitin resistance was found to be a discriminative parameter, detecting 20/21 AmpC-producing strains. Susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, e.g., ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, was found in 9 of the 21 AmpC-positive strains. Considering the elevated zone diameter breakpoints of the 2010 CLSI guidelines, 2/21 AmpC-positive strains were categorized as susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins