Polityka gospodarcza jako czynnik kształtowania rozwiązań prawnych. Wpływ na regulacje celne w polskiej skarbowości od XVIII do XX wieku

Since the end of the 18th century, the economic assumptions shaped plenty of regulations in force in various constitutional systems operating in Poland. A good example are customs regulations referring to international trade, being a significant element of economic (trade) policy. The development of customs has been a reflection of the established economic goals in the acts of law being introduced and remaining in force from the days of King Stanisław, via the solutions applied in the Duchy of Warsaw, Kingdom of Poland and its autonomy, the Second Republic and in the customs instruments used in planned economy.Seit dem Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gewannen die wirtschaftlichen Grundsätze einen gestaltenden Einfluss auf viele gesetzliche Regulierungen unter verschiedenen Systemformen, die während dieser Zeit auf polnischem Gebiet herrschten. Als Beispiel dafür kann die Zollgesetzgebung genommen werden, die einen Bezug auf den internationalen Handel hatte - also auf ein wichtiges Feld der Wirtschafts- (Handels-)politik. Die Entwicklung des Zolls seit den Zeiten von Stanisław August Poniatowski, über die Lösungen des Herzogtums Warschau, der autonomen Zeit von Königreich Polen und der Zweiten Republik, und schließlich auch die A nwendung Zollrechtlicher Lösungen in der Planwirtschaft, widerspiegelt in den beschlossenen und geltenden Gesetzen die zu befolgenden w irtschaftlichen Ziele

Nieustająca Komisja Obrachunkowa. O kontroli państwowej w Rzeczypospolitej Krakowskiej

Nieustająca Komisja Obrachunkowa. O kontroli państwowej w Rzeczypospolitej Krakowskie

Szlachta polsko-inflancka wobec przełomu. Materiały z dyneburskich akt grodzkich i ziemskich z lat 1764–1775, wyd. Bogusław Dybaś, Paweł A. Jeziorski, przy współpracy Tomasza Wiśniewskiego

Szlachta polsko-inflancka wobec przełomu. Materiały z dyneburskich akt grodzkich i ziemskich z lat 1764–1775, wyd. Bogusław Dybaś, Paweł A. Jeziorski, przy współpracy Tomasza WiśniewskiegoSzlachta polsko-inflancka wobec przełomu. Materiały z dyneburskich akt grodzkich i ziemskich z lat 1764–1775, wyd. Bogusław Dybaś, Paweł A. Jeziorski, przy współpracy Tomasza Wiśniewskieg

250. rocznica powstania budżetu w Polsce?

The fact that the first government budget in Poland was already created in 1768 is now widespread and can be found even in textbooks. Paradoxically, there is no comprehensive research on this first Polish government budget. 2018 will mark the 250th anniversary of its adoption, which provides a great opportunity to analyze the budget’s content and implementation. Both are raising doubts whether or not we are really dealing with a budget. As the act never came into force and had numerous deficiencies, the opinions issued on it so far need to be revised.Informacja o tym, że pierwszy budżet państwa stworzono w Polsce już w 1768 r., jest rozpowszechniona i znaleźć ją można nawet w podręcznikach. Paradoksalnie jednak brakuje badań nad tym pierwszym polskim budżetem. Przypadająca 250. rocznica uchwalenia tego aktu skłania do analizy zarówno jego treści, jak i praktyki wykonania. Obie bowiem budzą wątpliwości, czy rzeczywiście mamy do czynienia z budżetem. Akt ten nigdy nie wszedł w życie i miał tak liczne uchybienia, że dotychczasowe sądy o nim należy zrewidować

Characterization of the TruSense S310 Laser Range System for Contact-less Measurement of Liquid Levels in Large-Volume Neutrino Detectors

Neutrino experiments often use large volumes of water, organic scintillators or noble liquids as active detection material. Due to the large hydrostatic and buoyancy forces involved, precise knowledge of the liquid levels inside the detector tank are mandatory. Here we present the main characteristics of the TruSense S310 Laser Range System. Level measurements can be performed without direct contact to the liquid and through a gas-proof acrylic window, thus preserving the strict radiopurity and chemical requirements of the target liquid. We report the results of a suit of laboratory experiments for short-term precision tests ($\pm$5\,mm) and long-term stability studies. Moreover, we demonstrate that the infrared laser can be used while standard bi-alkali PMTs are operational. We discuss the mechanical layout and integration of the system in the OSIRIS pre-detector that will monitor the radiopurity of the liquid scintillator for the large-volume neutrino experiment JUNO

Differentiating patients with obstructive sleep apnea from healthy controls based on heart rate - blood pressure coupling quantified by entropy-based indices

We introduce an entropy-based classification method for pairs of sequences (ECPS) for quantifying mutual dependencies in heart rate and beat-to-beat blood pressure recordings. The purpose of the method is to build a classifier for data in which each item consists of the two intertwined data series taken for each subject. The method is based on ordinal patterns, and uses entropy-like indices. Machine learning is used to select a subset of indices most suitable for our classification problem in order to build an optimal yet simple model for distinguishing between patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea and a control group.Comment: 7 figure

Highly Variable Recurrence of Tsunamis In the 7,400 Years Before the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

The devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caught millions of coastal residents and the scientific community off-guard. Subsequent research in the Indian Ocean basin has identified prehistoric tsunamis, but the timing and recurrence intervals of such events are uncertain. Here we present an extraordinary 7,400 year stratigraphic sequence of prehistoric tsunami deposits from a coastal cave in Aceh, Indonesia. This record demonstrates that at least 11 prehistoric tsunamis struck the Aceh coast between 7,400 and 2,900 years ago. The average time period between tsunamis is about 450 years with intervals ranging from a long, dormant period of over 2,000 years, to multiple tsunamis within the span of a century. Although there is evidence that the likelihood of another tsunamigenic earthquake in Aceh province is high, these variable recurrence intervals suggest that long dormant periods may follow Sunda megathrust ruptures as large as that of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami