A study of methods of prediction and measurement of the transmission of sound through the walls of light aircraft

The acoustic intensity technique was applied to the sound transmission loss of panel structures (single, composite, and stiffened). A theoretical model of sound transmission through a cylindrical shell is presented

DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF CARVEDILOL BY COMBINATION OF SUPER-DISINTEGRANTS ADDITION AND SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUES

Objective: Objective of the present research work was to prepare orodispersible tablets of carvedilol (CDL) for dysphagic patients.Methods: Carvedilol, an anti-hypertensive drug, was chosen as a model drug in this study. Orodispersible tablets of carvedilol were prepared using different super-disintegrating agents such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate at different concentrations. The best formulation was selected based on disintegration and dissolution profile that was further taken for sublimation studies using camphor, menthol and thymol. Drug-excipients interaction studies were carried out by fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrophotometer with pure drug sample and optimized formulation.Results: The orodispersible tablet formulation having 4% croscarmellose sodium disintegrated in 92 sec. Hence this formulation was considered best formulation and taken further for sublimation studies. A formulation containing 10% w/w of menthol showed disintegration time of 16 sec with more than 96.64% drug release within 15 min. Menthol leaves the porous structure as it sublimates from the tablet. This might have contributed to the decrease in disintegration time. Hence, this formulation was considered optimized.Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that orodispersible tablets of carvedilol may prove to be more efficacious in the treatment of hypertension particularly in dysphagic patients

Smart Agri Disease Detection of Black Gram Plant Leaf Using the Cloud-Based Yolov8 Intelligent System

Infectious diseases affecting plants can have a major negative impact on economic output. Phenotyping plants is an essential part of plant characterization for tracking plant development over time. The urdbean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV) causes crinkled leaf disease, a plant disease that mostly affects black gram (Vigna mungo), a significant pulse crop in India. Crinkled disease is devastating to crops and the agricultural economy as a whole, causing farmers to lose out on a lot of money and harvests. Plant diseases cost USD 220 billion annually, according to the FAO (Food & Agriculture Organization). The early and accurate diagnosis of a disease (ULCV) is crucial for any economy that relies on agriculture. computer vision and Image processing are among the many cutting-edge methods for detecting plant diseases early. Preprocessing images, segmenting those images, extracting features, and applying machine learning algorithms to diagnose diseases are all viable options. Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is used for feature extraction. One of the machine learning methods used for detection is YOLO, which is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In other words, YOLO led to more reliable disease diagnosis

Magnetic phase diagram of the antiferromagnetic pyrochlore Gd2Ti2O7

Gd2Ti2O7 is a highly frustrated antiferromagnet on a pyrochlore lattice, where apart from the Heisenberg exchange the spins also interact via dipole-dipole forces. We report on low-temperature specific heat measurements performed on single crystals of Gd2Ti2O7 for three different directions of an applied magnetic field. The measurements reveal the strongly anisotropic behaviour of Gd2Ti2O7 in a magnetic field despite the apparent absence of a significant single-ion anisotropy for Gd3+. The H-T phase diagrams are constructed for H//111], H//[110] and H//[112]. The results indicate that further theoretical work beyond a simple mean-field model is required.Comment: 4 figure

DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SOFT ORAL EDIBLE GEL USING GELLAN GUM

Objective: The objective of present research work was to formulate and evaluate a novel oral edible gel dosage form using gellan gum as gelling agent and carvedilol as a model drug to ease the administration to dysphagic and geriatric patients. Methods: Oral edible gels were prepared using gelling agent low acetylated gellan gum and sodium citrate in different concentrations. The prepared edible gel formulations were evaluated for gelation time, appearance, texture, viscosity, pH, syneresis, drug-excipient compatibility studies by fourier transform infrared FTIR and percentage of drug release from the gel formulation. Results: Formulation containing gellan gum (0.4 % w/v) and sodium citrate (0.3 % w/v)) was found to be spoon thick†in consistency that is accepted for dysphagic patients as per national dysphagia diet task force. This formulation showed more than 95 % drug release within 12 min and found to be stable for 6 mo. All other parameters tested were optimal. Hence, this formulation was considered optimized. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the novel edible gel dosage form containing Carvedilol can be formulated and this dosage form may prove to be more efficacious in the treatment of hypertension in dysphagic patients

Large scale farming of green mussel in Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala

Green mussel, Perna viridis, farming is spreading fast in the lower stretches of Ashtamudi Lake in Kollam district of Southern Kerala. Huge demand for green mussel in the northern part of Kerala has resulted in significant increase in its price. The price has increased to ` 10,000 per gunny bag of 70 kg for medium sized mussel (50-100 mm) whereas larger ones (120 -150 mm) fetch prices as high as ` 400 per kg (8 pieces). This has prompted local fishermen to try mussel farming using on bottom method of mussel culture which some farmers practiced earlier with locally available seed

Protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats

Alphonsea sclerocarpa Thwaites belonging to the family Annonaceae is a small tree, which grows up to 10-15 m tall the leaves are simple and alternate. Despite its medicinal properties the plant seems to be less explored and hence this research aims at exploring the antiurolithiatic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of A. sclerocarpa on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats. A. sclerocarpa leaf powder was extracted using ethanol. The effect of ethanolic leaf extract of A. sclerocarpa (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) was studied in experimentally induced renal stone in rats by in vivo model. Ethylene glycol model (0.75% in drinking water, for 28 days) was used for renal stone induction. The blood, urine and kidney samples were used for various parameters. The concentration of calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was observed in each group. The phytochemical analysis was carried out to detect the presence of secondary metabolites like saponins and flavonoids in the ethanolic extract of A. sclerocarpa leaf extract. In ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) treated animal model ethanolic extract of A. sclerocarpa leaf extract showed significant results on stone promoters (calcium oxalate, inorganic phosphate and sodium), kidney function parameters (uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine). On the basis of biochemical parameters and histopathological study it was confirmed that A. sclerocarpa leaf extract protected the renal cells from oxidative stress and injury induce by calcium oxalate crystals. The investigation of ethanolic extract of A. sclerocarpa leaf has shown promising antiurolithiatic activity and support folklore claims of these plants as antiurolithiatic. The mechanism of action of these plants for antiurolithiatic is apparently related to increased diuresis and lowering of urinary concentrations of stone-forming constituents, though it should be confirmed by the extensive exploratory studies

Counting Giant Gravitons in AdS_3

We quantize the set of all quarter BPS brane probe solutions in global AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4/K3 found in arxiv:0709.1168 [hep-th]. We show that, generically, these solutions give rise to states in discrete representations of the SL(2,R) WZW model on AdS_3. Our procedure provides us with a detailed description of the low energy 1/4 and 1/2 BPS sectors of string theory on this background. The 1/4 BPS partition function jumps as we move off the point in moduli space where the bulk theta angle and NS-NS fields vanish. We show that generic 1/2 BPS states are protected because they correspond to geodesics rather than puffed up branes. By exactly quantizing the simplest of the probes above, we verify our description of 1/4 BPS states and find agreement with the known spectrum of 1/2 BPS states of the boundary theory. We also consider the contribution of these probes to the elliptic genus and discuss puzzles, and their possible resolutions, in reproducing the elliptic genus of the symmetric product.Comment: 47 pages; (v2) references and minor clarifications adde

Functional outcome of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus treated by Ponseti method: a midterm study

Background: Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is a characterized by deformities with lot of ambiguity regarding the forces maintaining the deformity and preventing its correction. The aim of our midterm study is to analyze the functional outcome of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus using Ponseti’s technique in Indian children presenting to us within the first three months of life without any prior treatment.Methods: 87 patients with 132 feet were treated for correction of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus using the Ponseti technique from September 2009 to January 2013 at our Institute. These patients were followed up in a prospective manner for a period ranging from twelve months to fifty seven months (mean period of follow up was thirty two months). Children were evaluated before casting and at the end of casting, then at monthly intervals for another two months. Further follow up was done every six weeks till three years of age and then at six monthly intervals.Results: Our overall good to fair result was seen in 87.6% of cases. Rest of them had poor functional outcome. Long term follow up of all patients till skeletal maturity is required to know the final outcome of our treatment. Conclusions: Severity of the deformity and the compliance of the parents and infants with orthotic devices for maintenance of the correction were the factors which ultimately determine the final outcome

Perception based User Profiles for Web Personalization

Personalized web services reduce the burden of information overload by collecting facts that match the needs of the user. An important aspect of personalized web services is the creation of user profiles that contain user information and settings. This article introduces a unique method called Perception-Based User Profiles (PUP) based on perception and browsing order, develops and updates user profiles. User profiles include perceptions and relationships, which can help guarantee that user interests are represented semantically. Second, when calculating the perception and duration of the relationship, for each site in a session, the user's browsing order is considered. Third, cognitive psychometric memory model is used to update the user profile's perceptions and relationships at the end of each session, ensuring the user profile's dynamics. The results of the tests suggest that this strategy works well for building and updating user profiles