Late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution of Lake Hazar, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

High-resolution seismic reflection profiles and core analyses in Lake Hazar provide a detailed record of the lake level fluctuations and the robust chronology of paleoclimatic events of the Eastern Anatolia during the late Pleistocene to Holocene. The earlier period of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS-3) prior to 48 cal ka BP was accompanied by considerable lake level drop below 95 m, whereas the lake level increase during the later period (ca. 48-29 cal ka BP) gave rise to deposition of a transgressive unit with typical of aggradational architecture in the seismic reflection profiles. High climate variability with the Greenland interstadials and stadials (Dansgard-Oeschger and Heinrich events) in Lake Hazar are sensitively recorded in the core sediments by using multi-proxy analyses. Adjustment of seismic units correlating with the radiocarbon-dated chronostratigraphic units in the studied cores implies that the early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS-2) is marked by an another lowstand lake level existed at ca. -90 m during 29-23 cal ka BP. In comparision to MIS-3 stage, the multi-proxy analyses reveal a general dry evaporative condition during most of the Last Glacial Maximum. In Lake Hazar, the maximum humidity in the late glacial period existed during 14.9-13.5 cal ka BP. The existence of a hiatus in the sedimentary record is documented in the seismic data that coincides with the cold and dry Younger Dryas period, implying a remarkable lake level drop. The multi-proxy records of the Holocene sediments reveal that a maximum precipitation in the early Holocene period prevailed during 10.1-9.3 cal ka BP, leading water level rise in the lake. In Lake Hazar, the middle Holocene until 4.9 cal ka BP is represented by highly climate variations, indicating a series of shorter wet and longer dry climate periods. The late Holocene is accompanied by lake level rises under a general wet climate condition that was interrupted by short dry climate intervals during 3.7-3.3 cal ka BP, 2.8-2.6 cal ka BP and 2.1-1.8 cal ka BP. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved

Cretaceous Subduction-Related Magmatism and Associated Porphyry-Type Cu-Mo Prospects in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey: New Constraints from Geochronology and Geochemistry

This study focuses on the Elbeyli-Ordu, Emeksen-Giresun, Güzelyayla-Trabzon and Ulutaş-Ispir porphyry-type prospects located in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Our new LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon age data reveal that the Elbeyli-Ordu Mo-Cu mineralization is hosted by a 77.0±1.3 Ma-old monzonite/monzodiorite with a shoshonitic character. The Emeksen Mo mineralization, located ~ 40km southeast of the Elbeyli-Ordu prospect, consists of NW- and NE-striking quartz veins crosscuting a high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic granite dated at 78.5±0.8 Ma, a granodiorite dated at 78.7±0.5 Ma and porphyry granite dated at 77.7±0.5 Ma. The Güzelyayla porphyry Cu-Mo prospect consists of a stockwork-type Cu-Mo mineralization crosscutting a calc-alkaline 81.4±1.1 Ma-old dacite porphyry and Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline andesite. The Ispir-Ulutaş mineralization is hosted within a highly sericitized 131.1±0.9 Ma-old quartz-porphyry that intruded into a 132.9±0.6 Ma-old calc-alkaline granite porphyry. Our new U-Pb zircon ages, lithogeochemical and radiogenic isotopic data of the host rocks associated with the porphyry-type prospects in the Eastern Pontides indicate that they formed in an arc-related environment during Cretaceous subduction of the Neotethys Ocean, and the Ispir-Ulutaş prospect is attributed to the main stage of the northward subduction of the Neotethys during the Early Cretaceous. We conclude that the Güzelyayla and Emeksen hydrothermal systems were formed during a transitional compressional to extensional tectonic evolution, whereas the Late Cretaceous Elbeyli hydrothermal system was emplaced during an extensional arc magmatic event. Highly-oxidized, high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic magmas at Emeksen and Elbeyli were derived from a metasomatised, heterogeneous and enriched lithospheric mantle, with variable degrees of partial melting of the mantle wedge and variable crustal contamination. Mixing/mingling processes between mafic magmas derived from the lower crust and acidic magmas at upper crustal levels played an important role in the formation of Cu-Mo porphyry-type mineralization in the Eastern Pontides