Effects of α-amylase, endo-xylanase and exoprotease combination on dough properties and bread quality

Received: January 31st, 2021 ; Accepted: May 2nd, 2021 ; Published: May 6th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] enzymes composition is an actual alternative to chemicals to improve functional properties of flours and to generate changes in the structure of the dough and bread quality. The objective of this study was to analyze the individual and synergistic effects of enzymes preparation (α-amylase, endo-xylanase and exoprotease), newly produced in Russia, on dough properties and bread quality made from wheat flour with different amylolytic activity. Reofermentometric results revealed decreases in gas-forming capacity of dough by 10.0–13.9% when single α-amylase preparates were used. The α-amylase addition had significant effect on gas retention coefficient in flour possessed low amylolytic activity. The effect of endo-xylanase and exoprotease on hydration and amount of wheat gluten was established. The fractional composition of gluten proteins in the dough made with combination of endo-xylanase and exoprotease was established using Lowry method immediately after kneading and after fermentation. It was found that mainly water-soluble, alcohol-soluble and alkaline-soluble proteins were undergone by transformation. The bread with enzymes had a higher specific volume, porosity and aldehyde content and lower shape stability indicator than the control bread made without enzymes. Bread with enzymes was characterized by tenderer and not crumbly crumb with developed thin-walled uniform porosity compared to the control. The crusts were more brightly colored. The combined usage of α-amylase and endo-xylanase and exoprotease retarded bread staling during 5-day storage period. New enzyme composition may be a potentially strong candidate for future applications in the bread-making industry

The Simplest Model of the Turning Movement of a Car with its Possible Sideslip

The simplest model of the turning movement of a car with its possiple sideslip is considered. To this end, a nonholonomic problem with nonretaining constraints is solved. The four possible types of the car motion are studied

ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF THE SAMARA STATE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы экологической составляющей профессионального образования средствами зоологического музеяThe article deals with actual issues of the environmental component in vocational education by means of the Zoological Museu

Demographic Change and the Urban–Rural Divide: Understanding the Role of Density and Agglomeration in Fertility Transitions

Assuming fertility variations across urban–rural gradients, our study focuses on the traditional polarization in urban and rural fertility, offering a refined interpretation of demographic processes associated with population density. More specifically, we tested the intimate relationship between local fertility and population density, comparing the outcomes of a classical urban–rural model (reflecting a linear relationship between the two variables) with those of a more complex quadratic model (implying the so-called ‘suburban fertility hypothesis’) in Greece. We considered fertility dynamics in three districts (urban, suburban, and rural) of 51 Greek prefectures for the last two decades (2000–2009 and 2010–2019) and controlled for the diverging impact of local contexts at different population density levels. Taken as a measure of ‘maturity’ of regional systems, urban fertility surpassed rural fertility in almost all prefectures of Greece. An additional sign of maturity in metropolitan systems indicates that suburban birth rates are higher than urban birth rates in prefectures with high population density (Athens, Thessaloniki, Heraklion, and Patras). The regression outcomes document a specific response of fertility to regional development, evidencing a spatially differentiated shift from classical urban–rural disparities toward a more complex model with the emergence of suburban poles. From this perspective, fertility divides reflect the evolutions of socioeconomic forces (more or less rapidly) along the urban gradient

Взаимовлияние прямых иностранных инвестиций и экономического роста

Бандурка, А. М. Взаимовлияние прямых иностранных инвестиций и экономического роста / Бандурка Александр Маркович, Носова О. В., Носова Т. Ю. // Європейські перспективи. - 2016. - № 1. - С. 5-13.У статті проведено аналіз сучасних тенденцій взаємозв’язку і взаємовпливу прямих іноземних інвестицій і економічного зростання. Розглянуто зовнішні та внутрішні ефекти передачі і імпорту технологій у виробничому секторі від ПІІ. Визначено напрямки інвестиційної діяльності глобальних ТНК, включаючи контрактні операції. Проаналізовано чинники стимулювання економічного зростання.The article analyzes the relationship of current trends and mutual foreign direct investment and economic growth (FDI). The internal and external effects of the transfer and import of technology in the manufacturing sector of FDI are considered. The directions of investment activity of global multinationals including contractual operations are conducted. The factors stimulating economic growth are defied.В статье проведен анализ современных тенденций взаимосвязи и взаимовлияния прямых иностранных инвестиций и экономического роста. Рассмотрены внешние и внутренние эффекты передачи и импорта технологий в производственном секторе от ПИИ1. Рассмотрены направления инвестиционной деятельности глобальных ТНК, включая контрактные операции. Проанализированы факторы стимулирования экономического роста

Investigation of Chaga Melanin. II. Composition of Hydrocarbon Fraction

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The composition of the fraction extracted by petroleum ether from chaga melanin was investigated for the first time. Saturated hydrocarbons with normal and iso-branched structures in addition to pristane, phytane, steranes, and terpanes were identified

The Impact of Methadone Maintenance Therapy on Access to Regular Physician Care Regarding Hepatitis C Among People who Inject Drugs

Background & aims People who inject drugs (PWID) living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often experience barriers to accessing HCV treatment and care. New, safer and more effective directacting antiviral-based therapies offer an opportunity to scale-up HCV-related services. Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs have been shown to be effective in linking PWID to health and support services, largely in the context of HIV. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between being enrolled in MMT and having access to regular physician care regarding HCV among HCV antibody-positive PWID in Vancouver, Canada

Working in (Slow) Progress: Socio-Environmental and Economic Dynamics in the Forestry Sector and the Contribution to Sustainable Development in Europe

Forest ecosystems are increasingly subject to disturbances, such as extreme (climate) events, fires and pathological outbreaks, which exert significant (and still poorly quantified) economic impacts, despite their intrinsic resilience. How forest management addresses these challenges will have profound effects on human health, environmental diversity, (ecological and economic) productivity and the ability of forest ecosystems to recovery from exogenous shocks. Assuming forests as ensuring ecosystem services that are vital to society and human well-being, in addition to providing wood material, a better knowledge of forest ecosystems appears a key requirement to delineate a developmental strategy that guarantees environmental protection objectives and achievement of climate and energy targets. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, the information available on forest management practices in Europe still seems not completely suitable to provide a comprehensive overview of ecosystem conditions, their economic value, and their biodiversity. Based on a literature review, the present contribution focuses on recent dynamics of the forestry sector in Europe, delineating the inherent complexity in the environmental-economic nexus. Additionally, the extensive use of a key natural resource such as wood exerts social implications for local districts adapting to ecological change-from climate warming to landscape transformations. In line with earlier studies, our paper confirms the role of the technical-economic dimension of forestry in sustainable development paths of districts and regions, affecting together (i) short-term economic dynamics, (ii) the growth prospects of the sector, (iii) the organization of the supply chain, (iv) the interconnections between companies, and (v) investment strategies at large. One of the major issues is the low reliability of official statistics to provide a coherent picture of the actual status of forest resources. At the same time, forestry practices are pivotal in maintaining habitats and species while increasing the timber production that remains (too) sustainable. This is the policy direction constantly given by the European Commission to stimulate over time public bodies and private (in whose hands is about 60% of European forests) to start virtuous paths in the circular economy with considerable repercussions in terms of additional jobs, recycled materials, mt of CO2 equivalent avoided, and increase in community added value. In this context, forestry should assure a more 'holistic' contribution to sustainable development paths at various spatial scales. This means concentrating on both economic and environmental targets based on the identification of significant (ecological-economic) dimensions that may delineate future lines of investigation and policy intervention, while increasing between member countries and regional authorities