3,620 research outputs found
Extragalactic Relativistic Jets and Nuclear Regions in Galaxies
Past years have brought an increasingly wider recognition of the ubiquity of
relativistic outflows (jets) in galactic nuclei, which has turned jets into an
effective tool for investigating the physics of nuclear regions in galaxies. A
brief summary is given here of recent results from studies of jets and nuclear
regions in several active galaxies with prominent outflows.Comment: 5 pages; contribution to ESO Astrophysical Symposia, "Relativistic
Astrophysics and Cosmology", eds. B. Aschenbach, V. Burwitz, G. Hasinger, B.
Leibundgut (Springer: Heidelberg 2006
Delay, memory, and messaging tradeoffs in distributed service systems
We consider the following distributed service model: jobs with unit mean,
exponentially distributed, and independent processing times arrive as a Poisson
process of rate , with , and are immediately dispatched
by a centralized dispatcher to one of First-In-First-Out queues associated
with identical servers. The dispatcher is endowed with a finite memory, and
with the ability to exchange messages with the servers.
We propose and study a resource-constrained "pull-based" dispatching policy
that involves two parameters: (i) the number of memory bits available at the
dispatcher, and (ii) the average rate at which servers communicate with the
dispatcher. We establish (using a fluid limit approach) that the asymptotic, as
, expected queueing delay is zero when either (i) the number of
memory bits grows logarithmically with and the message rate grows
superlinearly with , or (ii) the number of memory bits grows
superlogarithmically with and the message rate is at least .
Furthermore, when the number of memory bits grows only logarithmically with
and the message rate is proportional to , we obtain a closed-form expression
for the (now positive) asymptotic delay.
Finally, we demonstrate an interesting phase transition in the
resource-constrained regime where the asymptotic delay is non-zero. In
particular, we show that for any given (no matter how small), if our
policy only uses a linear message rate , the resulting asymptotic
delay is upper bounded, uniformly over all ; this is in sharp
contrast to the delay obtained when no messages are used (), which
grows as when , or when the popular
power-of--choices is used, in which the delay grows as
The effect of confinement and defects on the thermal stability of skyrmions
The stability of magnetic skyrmions against thermal fluctuations and external
perturbations is investigated within the framework of harmonic transition state
theory for magnetic degrees of freedom. The influence of confined geometry and
atomic scale non-magnetic defects on the skyrmion lifetime is estimated. It is
shown that a skyrmion on a track has lower activation energy for annihilation
and higher energy for nucleation if the size of the skyrmion is comparable with
the width of the track. Two mechanisms of skyrmion annihilation are considered:
inside the track and escape through the boundary. For both mechanisms, the
dependence of activation energy on the track width is calculated. Non-magnetic
defects are found to localize skyrmions in their neighborhood and strongly
decrease the activation energy for creation and annihilation. This is in
agreement with experimental measurements that have found nucleation of
skyrmions in presence of spin-polarized current preferably occurring near
structural defects
The Location of the Core in M81
We report on VLBI observations of M81*, the northwest-southeast oriented
nuclear core-jet source of the spiral galaxy M81, at five different frequencies
between 1.7 and 14.8 GHz. By phase referencing to supernova 1993J we can
accurately locate the emission region of M81* in the galaxy's reference frame.
Although the emission region's size decreases with increasing frequency while
the brightness peak moves to the southwest, the emission region seems sharply
bounded to the southwest at all frequencies. We argue that the core must be
located between the brightness peak at our highest frequency (14.8 GHz) and the
sharp bound to the southwest. This narrowly constrains the location of the
core, or the purported black hole in the center of the galaxy, to be within a
region of +/-0.2 mas or +/-800 AU (at a distance of ~4 Mpc). This range
includes the core position that we determined earlier by finding the most
stationary point in the brightness distribution of M81* at only a single
frequency. This independent constraint therefore strongly confirms our earlier
core position. Our observations also confirm that M81* is a core-jet source,
with a one-sided jet that extends to the northeast from the core, on average
curved somewhat to the east, with a radio spectrum that is flat or inverted
near the core and steep at the distant end. The brightness peak is
unambiguously identified with the variable jet rather than the core, which
indicates limitations in determining the proper motion of nearby galaxies and
in refining the extragalactic reference frame.Comment: LaTeX, 10 pages with 3 figures. Typos fixed and slight rewording for
clarity from previous version. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Compact jets as probes for sub-parsec scale regions in AGN
Compact relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei offer an effective tool
for investigating the physics of nuclear regions in galaxies. The emission
properties, dynamics, and evolution of jets in AGN are closely connected to the
characteristics of the central supermassive black hole, accretion disk and
broad-line region in active galaxies. Recent results from studies of the
nuclear regions in several active galaxies with prominent outflows are reviewed
in this contribution.Comment: AASLaTeX, 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in Astrophysics and Space
Scienc
Determination of Structural Elements Size of the Finemet-type Amorphous Alloy
The sizes of structure elements were determined based on X-ray diffraction data in conjunction with simulation and scanning electron microscopy of the highest resolution for three states of the Fe72.5Cu1Nb2Mo1.5Si14B9alloy (amorphous, nanocrystalline, and recrystallized). It is shown that the sizes of the coherent scattering regions and crystallites for the nanocrystalline and recrystallized states have good agreement. It allows us to consider the cluster structure of solid "amorphous" materials as "ultra-nanocrystalline" consisting of crystallites with sizes of several interatomic distances. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ: 20-38-90117The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-38-90117. We appreciate the assistance from the program of support for the leading universities in the Russia Federation for improvement of their competitivenes
Neutrino spin rotation in dense matter and electromagnetic field
Exact solutions of the Dirac--Pauli equation for massive neutrino with
anomalous magnetic moment interacting with dense matter and strong
electromagnetic field are found. The complete system of neutrino wavefunctions,
which show spin rotation properties are obtained and their possible
applications are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, latex, misprints are correcte
The Effect of Copper and Manganese on the Amorphization Process in a Thin Fe–Si–Mg–O Film
The effect of copper and manganese on the amorphization process in the surface layer of a technical Fe-3% Si alloy during annealing in the α → γ transition temperature range was determined by x-ray phase analysis. The presence of 0.5 wt. % Cu and 0.3 wt. % Mn in the initial Fe-3% Si solid solution significantly enhances the amorphization process that occurs when heated in the temperature range 920… 960∘C as an alternative to the α → γ phase transformation. The effect of amplification of amorphization is both in obtaining a larger amount of material in the amorphous state, and in the appearance of two amorphous phases, differing in average interatomic distance. The composition of the amorphous phase is approximately described as Fe89Si6Mg4Mn0.5Cu0.5 in the presence of Cu and Mn atoms and Fe90Si6Mg4 in the case of their absence in the amorphous layer.
Keywords: amorphization, non-ambient x-ray diffraction, Fe-3%Si, phase transition, thermal stability
The core shift effect in the blazar 3C 454.3
Opacity-driven shifts of the apparent VLBI core position with frequency (the
"core shift" effect) probe physical conditions in the innermost parts of jets
in active galactic nuclei. We present the first detailed investigation of this
effect in the brightest gamma-ray blazar 3C454.3 using direct measurements from
simultaneous 4.6-43 GHz VLBA observations, and a time lag analysis of 4.8-37
GHz lightcurves from the UMRAO, CrAO, and Metsahovi observations in 2007-2009.
The results support the standard Konigl model of jet physics in the VLBI core
region. The distance of the core from the jet origin r_c(nu), the core size
W(nu), and the lightcurve time lag DT(nu) all depend on the observing frequency
nu as r_c(nu)~W(nu)~ DT(nu)~nu^-1/k. The obtained range of k=0.6-0.8 is
consistent with the synchrotron self-absorption being the dominating opacity
mechanism in the jet. The similar frequency dependence of r_c(nu) and W(nu)
suggests that the external pressure gradient does not dictate the jet geometry
in the cm-band core region. Assuming equipartition, the magnetic field strength
scales with distance r as B = 0.4(r/1pc)^-0.8 G. The total kinetic power of
electron/positron jet is about 10^44 ergs/s.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 10 pages, 6 figure
Solid state amorphization in a thin Fe-Si-Mg-O surface film triggered by the reduction of elements from oxides in the temperature range of the α-γ transformation
The study of the processes occurring in the surface layer of the MgO coated commercial alloy Fe-3%Si-0.5%Cu (grain oriented electrical steel) demonstrated that the amorphous phase in the form of a Fe-based solid solution is formed during continuous heating in the 95%N2 + 5%H2 atmosphere. For the purposes of this study, the following methods were used: non-ambient XRD at 20 –1060°C with heating and cooling at a rate of 0.5 dps, layer-by-layer chemical analysis performed by a glow discharge analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. ThermoCalc software was used to calculate the potential phase equilibrium states. The amorphous phase was formed in the α → γ transformation temperature range, when the heating rates were altered in the surface layer of 1 µm initially consisted of a solid α-Fe-based solution with ~1– 2 wt.% Si with (MgFe)2 SiO4, (MgFe)O, SiO2 oxide inclusions. We suppose that (MgFe)2 SiO4 oxides are partly reduced by H2 to Mg2 Si molecular complexes, which become solid solutions in the temperature range of the metastability of the α-Fe crystal lattice with subsequent amorphization as an alternative to the α → γ transition. The amorphous state is obtained at 920 – 960°C and is retained both at subsequent heating (to 1060°C) and cooling (to 20°С), which is super-stable compared to the established metallic glasses. The composition of the amorphous phase can be described by the formula Fe89.5 Si6 Mg4 Cu0.5. © 2020, Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 20‑08‑00332Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 11.1465.2014/K.Acknowledgements. This study was conducted using equipment provided by the Laboratory of Structural Analysis Techniques and Materials and Nanomaterials Properties of CKP Ural Federal University. The study was financially supported by Government Decree No. 211 of the Russian Federation, Contract No. 02. A03.21.0006 and within the framework of the state task issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project No. 11.1465.2014/K. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20‑08‑00332
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