Adhesive coatings based on aligned arrays of carbon nanostructures

This work was financially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects 16-29-14023 and 18-32-00652) and Internal grant of the Southern Federal University (project VnGr-07/2017-26)

Muon `Depth -- Intensity' Relation Measured by LVD Underground Experiment and Cosmic-Ray Muon Spectrum at Sea Level

We present the analysis of the muon events with all muon multiplicities collected during 21804 hours of operation of the first LVD tower. The measured angular distribution of muon intensity has been converted to the `depth -- vertical intensity' relation in the depth range from 3 to 12 km w.e.. The analysis of this relation allowed to derive the power index, $\gamma$, of the primary all-nucleon spectrum: $\gamma=2.78 \pm 0.05$. The `depth -- vertical intensity' relation has been converted to standard rock and the comparison with the data of other experiments has been done. We present also the derived vertical muon spectrum at sea level.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, to be published on Phys. Rev.

Влияние адаптогена аскорбата лития на микробиоту рубца овец-ярок

Health and productivity of ruminants directly depend on the state of rumen and digestion in intestinal tract. Normal microflora protects the body from pathogenic microbes, stimulates the immune system, participates in metabolic reactions and plays an important role in energy metabolism. Disturbance of species composition of microflora in rumen under effect of various factors leads to a state of dysbiosis, disorders of products digestibility, changes in enzymatic processes and other disorders. Biologically active substances of an adaptogenic nature can show immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activity. Adaptogen lithium ascorbate has stress-protective, neurotrophic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory properties. In this paper, using molecular genetic methods, the effect of lithium ascorbate on composition of rumen microbiota of sheep was studied for the first time.  Composition of microbiota was determined by NGS sequencing method. In total, 37 phylums, 76 classes, 98 orders, 225 families and 894 species of microorganisms were identified. It has been determined that introduction of lithium ascorbate at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight into the main diet of sheep contributed to increase in proportion of cellulolytic bacteria from 73.6±1.6% to 75.4±0.9% and over 40% decrease in total number of infusoria in rumen content. Cellulolytic activity of rumen fluid in sheep of the experimental group increased by 38% compared to the animals of the control group. The number of pathogenic bacteria decreased from 2.7% in sheep of the control group to 1.6% in animals of the experimental group, while the content of beneficial bacilli increased from 0.3% to 0.5%, respectively. Content of undesirable and conditionally pathogenic microflora decreased in the sheep of experimental group. The obtained data confirm positive effect of adaptogen lithium ascorbate, introduced into diet at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight, on qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota in sheep rumen. Therefore, lithium ascorbate, a broad-spectrum adaptogen, can be recommended as a feed additive to the main diet of sheep to improve rumen digestion and increase productivity.Здоровье и продуктивность жвачных животных напрямую зависят от рубцового и кишечного пищеварения. Нормальная микрофлора защищает организм от патогенных микробов, стимулирует иммунную систему, участвует в метаболических реакциях и играет важную роль в энергетическом обмене. Нарушение видового состава микрофлоры рубца под влиянием различных факторов приводит к изменению усвояемости продуктов пищеварения, изменениям ферментативных процессов и развитию прочих патологических процессов. Биологически активные вещества адаптогенной природы могут проявлять иммуномодулирующую и антимикробную активность. Адаптоген аскорбат лития обладает стресс-протекторными, нейротрофическими, нейропротекторными, антиоксидантными, иммуномодулирующими свойствами и в качестве кормовой добавки влияет на микробиоту рубца. В настоящем исследовании при использовании NGS-секвенирования впервые изучено влияние адаптогена аскорбата лития на бактериальное сообщество рубца овец-ярок романовской породы. На фоне длительного содержания овец на основном рационе в условиях вивария ВНИИФБиП нормофлора рубца не подвергалась негативным изменениям. Введение органической соли лития в состав основного рациона в дозировке 10 мг/кг живой массы способствовало усилению процессов ферментации в рубце, достоверному росту целлюлозолитической активности, снижению суммарной доли патогенных и доли некоторых условно-патогенных микроорганизмов в рубцовом содержимом. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о благотворном влиянии введения аскорбата лития в качестве добавки к основному рациону на состав микробиоты рубца овец

Сравнение реологических и вязкоупругих свойств медицинских изделий гиалуроновой кислоты для внутрисуставного введения

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that affects more than 80% of people over 55 years and in its final stages leads to disability. One of the safe non-surgical methods of OA treatment is intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA).Objective: to compare the viscoelastic rheological properties of HA medical products with different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) available in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The study was carried out using a modular rheometer MCR 302 (Anton Paar, Austria). All measurements were carried out at a temperature of 25.0±0.1 °C using the measuring system "cone-plane" (angle – 2 ˚ , cone diameter – 40 mm, gap height – 0.169 mm). The determination of the elastic moduli (G’) and viscosity (G”) was carried out depending on the frequency in the linear region of the shear stress, and the dynamic viscosity was determined at a shear rate of 1 sec-1.Results. The evaluation of the rheological properties of the studied samples revealed a positive relationship with the concentration of SH and no relationship with the molecular weight of SH. The highest viscoelastic properties were possessed by medical products in the 1% SH group: Armaviscon and Ripart; in the group with SH concentration of 1.5–1.6%, all the studied samples, except for Hyalubrix, showed similar higher results compared to the previous group; in the group with SH concentration of 2–3%, Armaviscon Platinum had the highest results and Flexotron Ultra and Armaviscon Forte – somewhat lower results.Conclusion. The study of the rheological viscoelastic properties of HA medical products is the most accessible method, on the basis of which it is possible to predict the clinical effect.Остеоартрит (ОА) – наиболее распространенное заболевание суставов, которое поражает более 80% лиц старше 55 лет и на последних стадиях приводит к инвалидности. Одним из безопасных неоперативных методов лечения ОА является использование внутрисуставных инъекции медицинских изделий гиалуроновои кислоты (ГлК).Цель исследования – сравнение вязкоупругих реологических свойств медицинских изделий ГлК с различной концентрацией гиалуроната натрия (ГН), доступных для использования в Российской Федерации.Материал и методы. Исследование проводилось с помощью модульного реометра MCR 302 (Anton Paar, Австрия). Все измерения выполнялись при температуре 25,0±0,1 °С с использованием измерительной системы «конус-плоскость» (угол – 2°, диаметр конуса – 40 мм, высота зазора – 0,169 мм). Определение модулей упругости (G’) и вязкости (G”) осуществляли в зависимости от частоты в линейной области напряжения сдвига, а динамической вязкости – при скорости сдвига 1 с-1.Результаты и обсуждение. Оценка реологических свойств исследуемых образцов выявила положительную связь с концентрацией ГН и отсутствие связи с молекулярной массой ГН. Самыми высокими вязкоупругими свойствами обладали медицинские изделия в группе с концентрацией ГН 1%: Армавискон и Рипарт; в группе с концентрацией ГН 1,5–1,6% все исследуемые образцы, кроме Хиалубрикса, показали схожие, более высокие по сравнению с предыдущей группой, результаты; в группе с концентрацией ГН 2–3% наиболее высокие показатели имел Армавискон Платинум и несколько меньшие – Флексотрон Ультра и Армавискон Форте.Заключение. Изучение реологических вязкоупругих свойств медицинских изделий ГлК является наиболее доступным методом, на основании которого можно прогнозировать клинический эффект

Бронхиальная астма: федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению

Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease that requires identification of its phenotype and a personalized approach to therapy. At the same time, despite a wide range of therapeutic options, many patients with asthma cannot achieve control over the disease.Methodology. The target audience of these clinical recommendations are general practitioners, therapists, pediatricians, allergologists-immunologists, pulmonologists, and functional diagnostics doctors. Each thesis-recommendation about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has been scored according to the scales of classes of recommendations from 1 to 5 and A, B, C scale of the levels of evidence. The clinical recommendations also contain comments and explanations to the theses, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma, and reference materials.Conclusion. The presented clinical guidelines cover current information about the etiology and pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bronchial asthma. These guidelines were approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021. Бронхиальная астма (БА) является гетерогенным заболеванием, при котором требуется выделение различных фенотипов и персонифицированный подход к терапии. При этом несмотря на широкий выбор терапевтических возможностей, у многих пациентов с БА не удается достичь контроля над заболеванием.Методы. Целевой аудиторией данных клинических рекомендаций являются врачи общей практики, терапевты, педиатры, аллергологи-иммунологи, пульмонологи и врачи функциональной диагностики. Каждый тезис-рекомендация по проведению диагностических и лечебных мероприятий оценивается по шкалам уровней достоверности доказательств от 1 до 5 и шкале оценки уровней убедительности рекомендаций по категориям А, В, С. Клинические рекомендации содержат также комментарии и разъяснения к указанным тезисам-рекомендациям, алгоритмы по диагностике и лечению БА, справочные материалы.Заключение. По данным представленных клинических рекомендаций освещаются современные сведения об этиологии и патогенезе, классификации, клинических проявлениях, диагностике, лечении и профилактике БА. Клинические рекомендации одобрены Научно-практическим Советом Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (2021).

Difficulties in the Differential Diagnosis of Tracheobronchomegaly in Children

Tracheobronchomegaly is a rare developmental defect in children, which is characterized by the expansion of the trachea and large bronchi, the diagnosis and treatment of which are made more often in adult practice, when the clinical diagnostic picture acquires the obvious features of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. In this connection, the need arises for the early detection of this pathology in children and its differentiation from other diseases and malformations of the tracheobronchial tree, which mask a recurrent inflammatory process in the lung and upper respiratory tract, and primarily with those, such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia.The paper describes a case of secondary tracheobronchomegaly in a child with obvious clinical manifestations of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome in the presence of bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, and signs of systemic connective tissue disease. It discusses the possibilities of chest computed tomography in the diagnosis of this defect in children, as well as its causes. The sizes of the trachea and main bronchi in this patient are compared with those in the groups of children of the same age and sex who have cystic fibrosis or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis to identify a more significant role of hereditary connective tissue diseases in the development of secondary tracheobronchomegaly. The authors propose to separate the concepts of tracheobronchomegaly and Mounier-Kuhn syndrome in children and to recognize the threshold for tracheal expansion in these patients having +3SD or more

MOBILE H EALTH TECHNOLOGY: ORGANIZATIONAL, MEDICAL AND PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR CSD PREVENTION IN PRE-PRIMARY CARE

Objective: to evaluate the innovative organizational, medical and pharmacoepidemiological approaches for the prevention of circulatory system diseases in pre-primary care using mobile health technologies.Materials and methods: 3,694 people went through preventive consultation (questionnaires, anthropometry, body fat and blood pressure evaluation, electrocardiography, glucose and blood cholesterol) at equipped medical sites in shopping centers and rural health posts.Results. Among the surveyed, there were both healthy people and patients cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Behavioral (insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, adding more salt without trying food, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse) and nutritional (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and glycaemia) risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases were detected that contribute to high mortality from circulatory system diseases in the Tver region. This is associated with low adherence to drug therapy and its lack of efficacy in patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases.Conclusion: to assess the effectiveness of CSD prevention in pre-primary care, it is possible to use mobile medical sites in shopping centers and rural health posts

EXPRESSION OF mRNAS FOR CHEMOKINES AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS IN THE SKIN FROM PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS

Abstract. Some issues in etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis are poorly studied. Therefore, a search for new potential markers is actual for diagnostics of psoriasis in less clear cases. In this study, an attempt was undertaken to evaluate contribution of some chemokines and appropriate receptors into pathogenesis of psoriasis. The main group consisted of the patients with psoriatic arthritis (n = 20) and psoriasis vulgaris (n = 9). A group of comparison consisted of patients with sclerodermia (n = 4), and a control group was represented by healthy persons (n = 9). The specimens were taken from visually normal and affected skin areas from psoriatic patients obtained by punch biopsy. Expression of the following chemokines was performed: CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL5/RANTES, CCL11/eotaxin, CCL24/eotaxin-2, CXCL8/IL-8 and their receptors (CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR1, CXCR2). In cases with PASI values < 10, an increased expression of the following genes was revealed for CCL11/eotaxin (p = 0.03), CXCR1 (р = 0.008), CXCR2 (р = 0.0006) in virtually intact skin and affected skin areas, as well as increased gene expression of CCL24/eotaxin 2 (p = 0.009), CCL5/RANTES (p = 0.05) in visually normal skin.With PASI values of 10 to 20, an increased gene expression was found for CCL11/eotaxin (p = 0.005), CCL24/eotaxin 2 (p = 0.02), CCL5/RANTES (p = 0.01), CXCR1 (р = 0.0009), CXCR2 (р = 0.002) in skin biopsies from visually healthy and affected skin, as well as increased expression CXCL8 (IL-8) (p = 0.005) in visually normal skin. In cases with PASI > 20, an increased expression of CCL11/eotaxin (p = 0.001), CCL24/eotaxin 2 (p = 0.001), CCL3/MIP-1α (р = 0.02), CXCR1 (p = 0.0001), CXCR2 (p = 0.001) was detected in visually healthy skin samples and affected skin of the patients, as well as higher expression of CCL4/MIP-1β (р = 0.03) in affected skin areas. A reverse correlation was revealed between expression of chemokines, i.e., CCL24/eotaxin 2 (r = –0,94, p = 0.005), CCL3/MIP-1α (r = –0,94, p = 0.005), CCL4/MIP-1β (r = –0,85, p = 0.03) and their receptors: ССR5 (r = –0,79, p = 0.005) and CXCR2 (r = –0,94, p = 0.005) in visually normal skin of the patients with psoriasis and PASI values < 10.A direct correlation was found between expression of mRNAs for CCL11/eotaxin (r = 0.69, p = 0.04) in visually healthy skin from psoriatic patients, and CCR5 (r = 0.82, p = 0.006) in affected skin of the patients with psoriasis and PASI values of 10 to 20. In the group of patients with PASI values over 20, no correlations were detectable. These data allow us of concluding aboutan important contribution of chemokine system to pathogenesis of psoriasis. (Med. Immunol., vol. 10, N 4-5, pp 337-346)