5,728 research outputs found
Hierarchical bounding structures for efficient virial computations: Towards a realistic molecular description of cholesterics
We detail the application of bounding volume hierarchies to accelerate
second-virial evaluations for arbitrary complex particles interacting through
hard and soft finite-range potentials. This procedure, based on the
construction of neighbour lists through the combined use of recursive
atom-decomposition techniques and binary overlap search schemes, is shown to
scale sub-logarithmically with particle resolution in the case of molecular
systems with high aspect ratios. Its implementation within an efficient
numerical and theoretical framework based on classical density functional
theory enables us to investigate the cholesteric self-assembly of a wide range
of experimentally-relevant particle models. We illustrate the method through
the determination of the cholesteric behaviour of hard, structurally-resolved
twisted cuboids, and report quantitative evidence of the long-predicted phase
handedness inversion with increasing particle thread angles near the
phenomenological threshold value of . Our results further highlight
the complex relationship between microscopic structure and helical twisting
power in such model systems, which may be attributed to subtle geometric
variations of their chiral excluded-volume manifold
Polariton states bound to defects in GaAs/AlAs planar microcavities
We report on polariton states bound to defects in planar GaAs/AlAs
microcavities grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The defect types relevant for
the spatial polariton dynamics in these structures are cross-hatch misfit
dislocations, and point-like defects extended over several micrometers. We
attribute the latter defects to Ga droplets emitted occasionally by the Ga cell
during the growth. These defects, also known as oval defects, result in a
dome-like local modulation of surface, which is translated into the cavity
structure and leads to a lateral modulation of the cavity polariton energy of
up to 15\,meV. The resulting spatially localized potential landscape for the
in-plane polariton motion creates a series of bound states. These states were
characterized by spectrally resolved transmission imaging in real and
reciprocal space, and reveal the spatial potential created by the defects.
Interestingly, the defect states exhibit long lifetimes in the 10ps range,
which we attribute to a spatially smooth confinement potential
Diagrammatic Analysis of Charmless Three-Body B Decays
We express the amplitudes for charmless three-body B decays in terms of
diagrams. In addition, we show how to use Dalitz-plot analyses to obtain decay
amplitudes which are symmetric or antisymmetric under the exchange of two of
the final-state particles. When annihilation-type diagrams are neglected, as in
two-body decays, many of the exact, purely isospin-based results are modified,
leading to new tests of the standard model (SM). Some of the tests can be
performed now, and we find that present data agree with the predictions of the
SM. Furthermore, contrary to what was thought previously, it is possible to
cleanly extract weak-phase information from three-body decays, and we discuss
methods for B -> K pi pi, K K Kbar, K Kbar pi and pi pi pi.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, reference updated, sentences added regarding
indirect CP violation and CP of the final state. Significant text added
describing how to obtain symmetric/antisymmetric decay amplitudes, results of
the comparison of the predictions of the SM with present data for several
decays, and the momentum dependence of the diagram
Hadronic B Decays: A General Approach
In this paper, we propose a general approach for describing hadronic B
decays. Using this method, all amplitudes for such decays can be expressed in
terms of contractions, though the matrix elements are not evaluated. Many years
ago, Buras and Silvestrini proposed a similar approach. However, our technique
goes beyond theirs in several ways. First, we include recent theoretical and
experimental developments which indicate which contractions are negligible, and
which are expected to be smaller than others. Second, we show that all B-decay
diagrams can be simply expressed in terms of contractions. This constitutes a
formal proof that the diagrammatic method is rigourous. Third, we show that one
reproduces the relations between tree and electroweak-penguin diagrams
described by Neubert and Rosner, and by Gronau, Pirjol and Yan. Fourth,
although the previous results hold to all orders in alpha_s, we show that it is
also possible to work order-by-order in this approach. In this way it is
possible to make a connection with the matrix-element evaluation methods of QCD
factorization (QCDfac) and perturbative QCD (pQCD). Finally, using the
contractions approach, we re-evaluate the question of whether there is a ``B ->
pi K puzzle.'' At O(alpha_s^0), we find that the diagram ratio |C'/T| is about
0.17, a factor of 10 too small to explain all the B -> pi K data. Both QCDfac
and pQCD find that, at O(\alpha_s^1), the value of |C'/T'| may be raised to
only about 2-3 times its lowest-order value. We therefore conclude that,
assuming the effect is not a statistical fluctuation, it is likely that the
value of |C'/T'| is similar to its O(\alpha_s^0) result, and that there really
is a B -> pi K puzzle.Comment: 33 pages, plain latex, 10 figures (included
Physical and Emotional Impacts of Paternal Absence on Young Men in College
Literature regarding paternal absence infers that young men who experienced childhood are a great risk. Paternal Absence has additionally been connected to various personal issues, such as, substance abuse (Bryson, 2010), psychological distress(, and emotional instability. However, research under-stresses the defensive components that distinguish the ones who resist, or conquer the effects of paternal absence from the individuals who experience the impacts of its risk elements
On the relevance of bubbles and potential flows for stellar convection
Recently Pasetto et al. have proposed a new method to derive a convection
theory appropriate for the implementation in stellar evolution codes. Their
approach is based on the simple physical picture of spherical bubbles moving
within a potential flow in dynamically unstable regions, and a detailed
computation of the bubble dynamics. Based on this approach the authors derive a
new theory of convection which is claimed to be parameter free, non-local and
time-dependent. This is a very strong claim, as such a theory is the holy grail
of stellar physics.
Unfortunately we have identified several distinct problems in the derivation
which ultimately render their theory inapplicable to any physical regime. In
addition we show that the framework of spherical bubbles in potential flows is
unable to capture the essence of stellar convection, even when equations are
derived correctly.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society. (Comments and criticism are welcomed
Improved Superconducting Qubit Readout by Qubit-Induced Nonlinearities
In dispersive readout schemes, qubit-induced nonlinearity typically limits
the measurement fidelity by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when the
measurement power is increased. Contrary to seeing the nonlinearity as a
problem, here we propose to use it to our advantage in a regime where it can
increase the SNR. We show analytically that such a regime exists if the qubit
has a many-level structure. We also show how this physics can account for the
high-fidelity avalanchelike measurement recently reported by Reed {\it et al.}
[arXiv:1004.4323v1].Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
A Gravity Dual and LHC Study of Single-Sector Supersymmetry Breaking
We propose a gravitational dual of ``single-sector'' models of supersymmetry
breaking which contain no messenger sector and naturally explain the scale of
supersymmetry breaking and the fermion mass hierarchy. In five dimensions these
models can be given a simple interpretation. Inspired by flux-background
solutions of type IIB supergravity, a metric background that deviates from
AdS_5 in the IR breaks supersymmetry, while the fermion mass hierarchy results
from the wavefunction overlap of bulk fermions with a UV-confined Higgs field.
The first and second generation squarks and sleptons, which are localized near
the IR brane, directly feel the supersymmetry breaking and obtain masses of
order 10 TeV. These are interpreted as composite states of the dual 4D theory.
The gauginos and third generation squarks and sleptons are elementary states
that obtain soft masses of order 1 TeV at the loop level via direct gauge
mediation. This particle spectrum leads to distinctive signatures at the LHC,
similar to the usual gauge mediation with a neutralino NLSP that decays
promptly to a gravitino LSP, but with lower event rates. Nevertheless we show
that with 1-10 fb^{-1} of LHC data "single-sector" models can easily be
detected above background and distinguished from conventional gravity and gauge
mediation.Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures, LaTe
Improved qubit bifurcation readout in the straddling regime of circuit QED
We study bifurcation measurement of a multi-level superconducting qubit using
a nonlinear resonator biased in the straddling regime, where the resonator
frequency sits between two qubit transition frequencies. We find that
high-fidelity bifurcation measurements are possible because of the enhanced
qubit-state-dependent pull of the resonator frequency, the behavior of
qubit-induced nonlinearities and the reduced Purcell decay rate of the qubit
that can be realized in this regime. Numerical simulations find up to a
threefold improvement in qubit readout fidelity when operating in, rather than
outside of, the straddling regime. High-fidelity measurements can be obtained
at much smaller qubit-resonator couplings than current typical experimental
realizations, reducing spectral crowding and potentially simplifying the
implementation of multi-qubit devices.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
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