Literature regarding paternal absence infers that young men who experienced childhood are a great risk. Paternal Absence has additionally been connected to various personal issues, such as, substance abuse (Bryson, 2010), psychological distress(, and emotional instability. However, research under-stresses the defensive components that distinguish the ones who resist, or conquer the effects of paternal absence from the individuals who experience the impacts of its risk elements

Altidor, Maxime M.

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AbstractPhysical and Emotional Impacts of Paternal Absence on Young Men in CollegeMaxime M. AltidorUB Psychology DepartmentUniversity of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CTLiterature regarding paternal absenceinfers that young men whoexperienced childhood are a greatrisk.Paternal Absence has additionallybeen connected to various personalissues, such as, substance abuse(Bryson, 2010), psychologicaldistress(, and emotional instability.However, research under-stresses thedefensive components thatdistinguish the ones who resist, orconquer the effects of paternalabsence from the individuals whoexperience the impacts of its riskelementsReferencesBryson, C.H. (2010). Examining the Impact of Attachment, Parental Presence, and Substance Abuse Treatment on Male Adolescent Depression. (Doctoral Dissertation) Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertation and Theses.Development of Urban Minority Young Men in Single-Mother Households. Journal of Counseling & Development, 94(4), 473-482.doi:10.1002/jcad.12106Garbarino, James (1999). Lost Boys: Why our sons turn violent and how we can save them. New York, NY: The Free Press.Kruk, E. (2013). The equal parent presumption: social justice in the legal determination of parenting after divorce. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.McLanahan, S., Tach, L., & Schneider, D. (2013). The Causal Effects of Father                     Absence. Annual Review of Sociology, 39, 399–427.Moore, B. E. (2010). Resilience in father absence. Does it exist? (Doctoral         dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Vargas, A. P., Park-Taylor, J., Harris, A. M., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2016). The    Identity Development of Urban Minority Young Men in Single-Mother     Households. Journal of Counseling & Development, 94(4), 473-482.  doi:10.1002/jcad.12106IntroductionThe initial goals of this research are to gain a better understanding of characteristics, that set the seemingly unaffected father absent males, apart from those who manifest the risk factors associated with paternal absence such as, substance abuse, irregulate emotions, and psychological distress (Moore, 2010). The purpose behind this review, is to include participant’s convictions of how their father's absence was a factor in their development. This review likewise is endeavoring to comprehend how emotional regulation, and resilience impact an individual's reaction to paternal absence. Prior research proposed that emotional regulation is a pertinent aspect, since it is vital to the advancement of competency, connected to resilience, and can fill in as a mediator of environmental experiences (Moore, 2010).  Consequently, these aptitudes can fill in as defensive variables when youth are in displeasing conditions that related to paternal absence. Few reviews have shown that paternal absence must have simply, a nominal and indirect impact on the previously mentioned risks, recommending that a father's denial can adversely influence the adolescent’s viewpoint on life, self-esteem, aptitude to control themselves or conquer adversity, and could ultimately cause various intra-psychic issues (Moore, 2010; Bryson 2010).It is evident that paternal absence adversely influences adolescent’s socio-emotional formative stage, especially by increased externalized conduct (Moore, 210). These impacts are more articulated when paternal absence happens amid early childhood through pre-adulthood. There is substantial evidence where paternal absence impacts an adolescent’s psychological capacity with respect to resilient outcomes (McLanahan, Tach, and Schneider, 2013). Prior research revealed that behavioral issues in pre-adult males are an outcome of paternal absence, where there exist more challenges with social conformation, and will probably report conflicts in making friends, and experience a lack in conduct regulation; many build up an assertive persona attempting to camouflage their basic feelings of trepidation, disdain, tensions, and despondency (Kruk, 2010). There is an increase in substance abuse causing them to consume alcohol, and drugs, enhancing psychological issues, causing an absence of self-sufficiency, and irregulate emotions (Bryson, 2010). Evidently, adolescent’s experience reduced self-concept, physical and emotional security having encountered paternal absence; where they feel abandoned due to the absence of a male role model or paternal figure, battling intra-psychic distress, emotional instability, and early responsibilities as young men.ConclusionMain Argument: What factors make adolescents resilient?Prior research has viewed resilience fromseveral perspectives (Moore, 2010; Bryson,2010) and viewed it as the ability to viablyadjust to various conditions, despite adversechallenges or the debilitating encounters(Moore, 2010); yet others trust that resilience isexperiencing childhood in an unsafe anddangerous community, resisting inimicalinfluences, and developing their own identities,(Vargas, Taylor, Harris, & Ponterotto, 2010).Despite the perspective that one receives,viewing resilience from a solitary point of viewneglects to consider the effect of thecomplementary relationships of emotional andphysical elements.Resilience is more than occasions where onecan bear witness, for example, graduatingcollege, avoiding incarceration, and sustainingemployment. It is additionally the improvementof a positive feeling of self, a capacity for closerelationships, and an inclination that life issignificant. Garbarino (1999) shows that thereare a few elements related with youth andresilience: 1) steady, constructive passionateconnections, 2) the capacity to adapt effectivelyto stressors, 3) insight, 4) emotional stability,and 5) constructive social support from rolemodels. In regards to various concepts relatedto resilience, it is the sum of the componentsthat make individuals human and the compassthat aides them through adversity.Paternal Absence and Resilience Interview QuestionsIt is recommended that more research is necessary to understand if the impacts of paternal absence on an adolescent male’s development, has changed throughout the years. If stigmatizing has reduced, as paternal absence has become normal, then the negative impacts possibly have lessened. More focus should be directed towards the experience of paternal absence from the adolescent’s perspective, and futuristic Clinical Practitioners ought to consider in-depth analyses of the contrasts between people who triumph and flourish, despite paternal absence. Studies that concentrate on the narrative aspects of those impacted by paternal absence, can contribute significantly to the advancement of viable projects that discuss the innate issues connected with encouraging resilience in the populace. Consequences of Paternal Absence• Have you ever heard of the idea of "resilience"? Other terms that include resilience include rebounding from bad times, surviving in spite of negative/unfavorable circumstances, thriving, survival against the odds and survival of the fittest.• Tell me what you know or have heard about resilience.• Tell me about your father. How do you feel about him not being around? In what way has his absence affected who you are today?• Do you think your life would be different if he were involved?• Do you think he loves you? How do you know?• How often do you see him? or How often have you seen him in your life?• What is your relationship like with your mother?• Does your mother speak negatively about your father?• Who is supportive of you (aunts, grandmother, older cousins, etc.)?• Do you have any male role models in your life? If so, who are they? What is your relationship like with them/him (positive, stressful, etc.)? How long have you known them/him?• How do you deal with failures in your life?• How do you deal with losses in your life? What is the most significant loss of your life? Describe it.• Do you consider your father not being around is a loss?• What has kept you from giving up on yourself?• How do you feel about forgiving your father for not being there for you?

Physical and Emotional Impacts of Paternal Absence on Young Men in College

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Physical and Emotional Impacts of Paternal Absence on Young Men in College

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