Effect of cadmium exposure on the activity of phosphatases in the hepatopancreas of Crab <i>Scylla serrata</i> (Forskal)

193-194Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase and augmentation of acid phosphatase activity were observed in the hepatopancreas of crabs exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.3, 0.6 and 1.5 mg.l -1) of Cd for different periods (10, 20 and 30d) compared to control. The variation in the activity of phosphatases can be attributed to the rate of differential uptake of Cd

Some Observations on the Ecology of the Land Snail Ariophanta maderaspatana

Volume: 73Start Page: 35End Page: 4

Early phase process scale-up challenges for fungal and filamentous bacterial cultures

Culture pelleting and morphology has a strong influence on process productivity and success for fungal and filamentous bacterial cultures. This impact is particularly evident with early phase secondary metabolite processes with limited process definition. A compilation of factors affecting filamentous or pelleting morphology described in the literature indicates potential leads for developing process-specific control methodologies. An evaluation of the factors mediating citric acid production is one example of an industrially important application of these techniques. For five model fungal and filamentous bacterial processes in an industrial fermentation pilot plant, process development strategies were developed and effectively implemented with the goal of achieving reasonable fermentation titers early in the process development cycle. Examples of approaches included the use of additives to minimize pelleting in inoculum shake flasks, the use of large-volume frozen bagged inoculum obtained from agitated seed fermentors, and variations in production medium composition and fermentor operating conditions. Results were evaluated with respect to productivity of desired secondary metabolites as well as process scalability. On-line measurements were utilized to indirectly evaluate the cultivation impact of changes in medium and process development. Key laboratory to pilot plant scale-up issues also were identified and often addressed in subsequent cultivations

Outcome of central nervous system relapses in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia--prospective open cohort analyses of the ALLR3 trial

Contains fulltext : 138929.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The outcomes of Central Nervous System (CNS) relapses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated in the ALL R3 trial, between January 2003 and March 2011 were analysed. Patients were risk stratified, to receive a matched donor allogeneic transplant or fractionated cranial irradiation with continued treatment for two years. A randomisation of Idarubicin with Mitoxantrone closed in December 2007 in favour of Mitoxantrone. The estimated 3-year progression free survival for combined and isolated CNS disease were 40.6% (25.1, 55.6) and 38.0% (26.2, 49.7) respectively. Univariate analysis showed a significantly better survival for age <10 years, progenitor-B cell disease, good-risk cytogenetics and those receiving Mitoxantrone. Adjusting for these variables (age, time to relapse, cytogenetics, treatment drug and gender) a multivariate analysis, showed a poorer outcome for those with combined CNS relapse (HR 2.64, 95% CI 1.32, 5.31, p = 0.006 for OS). ALL R3 showed an improvement in outcome for CNS relapses treated with Mitoxantrone compared to Idarubicin; a potential benefit for matched donor transplant for those with very early and early isolated-CNS relapses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN45724312