A Study of Esophageal Motility changes following Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation or sclerotherapy using High Resolution Manometry

INTRODUCTION: Portal Hypertension causes Gastrointestinal Bleeding. It is most frequently due to Gastro Esophageal varices (65-70%) and isolated Gastric varices (10-15%). Endoscopic therapy is the only treatment modality that is widely accepted for the prevention of variceal bleeding, control of acute variceal bleeding, and prevention of variceal rebleeding. Endoscopic Variceal therapy includes Variceal Sclerotherapy and Variceal Band Ligation. The technique involves injection of a sclerosant into (intravariceal) or adjacent to (paravariceal) a varix. Some paravariceal injection usually takes place during attempted intravariceal therapy. The sclerosants used include sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium morrhuate, ethanolamine oleate, and absolute alcohol. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the Esophageal Motility changes following Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy using High resolution Manometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study Design : Prospective study. Total no. of subjects : 20. Patients who were diagnosed to have portal hypertension who were referred to the department of Gastroenterology at Madras Medical College Hospital were included in this study. The diagnosis of portal hypertension and its etiology was established by Clinical Biochemical Imaging and Histology if needed An informed consent was obtained from these patients, A baseline Esophageal Manometry is done for these patients using High Resolution Manometry Depending on the clinical situations these patients were subjected to Endoscopic Variceal Sclerotherapy and or Variceal Band Ligation. CONCLUSION: Endosocpic Sclerotherapy and Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation causes Dysmotility. Dysmotility can occur a late complication due to persistent chronic inflammatory changes. High Resolution Manometry is a Novel method to identify focal segmental changes in motility following Endoscopic Sclerotherapy and Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation. In this study there was manometric changes in the form of decreased amplitude and velocity of contraction in the Lower Esophagus. The motility changes were more commonly found in the Endoscopic sclerotherapy group. Though in our study the two groups were not comparable in Number. The number of sessions did not correlate with the Endoscopic Sclerotherapy group but in a group of patient who underwent both therapy they developed motility changes after third session. In this study there were no abnormal waves and Non peristaltic waves, no prolongation of duration of peristaltic waves. None of these patients had any symptoms. Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy causes Esophageal motility changes six months after therapy. There was no motility changes following Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation alone was used. These changes do not causes any dysmotility symptoms in patients

Problems faced by Selected Small Business Units in Coimbatore city due to Demonetization

Small scale industries has been considered as device of economic growth and development in many developing countries and this constitute the backbone of an economy in maintaining a significant growth and in generating employment opportunities. The Government of India declared that ` 500 and ` 1000 notes will be no longer legal tender from midnight, 8th November 2016. This move is expected to cleanse the formal economic system, discard black money and counterfeit notes. The small business units who largely depend on Cash related transaction on daily basis witnessed more disturbances. Therefore an attempt has been made to identify the problems faced by the small business units and give suggestions to improve the working of small business units which were affected by demonetization in Coimbatore city. The study revealed that most of the respondents were unhappy about the implementation of demonetization because they faced loss due to cash crunch and had a great impact on their small business activities and their standard of living

Study on Performance Analysis of CMOS RF front-end circuits for 2.4GHz Wireless Applications

In this paper, low voltage design concepts and new CMOS front-end circuits for 2.4GHz wireless applications are presented. The performances of these circuits are analysed and compared with other existing structures using TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS technology scale. The design trade-offs between impedance matching, power gain and noise figure of low-noise amplifiers are highlighted. The advantage of the introduced mixer topology is expressed in terms of conversion gain, noise figure and linearity. At a supply voltage of 1.8V, the design and performance analysis have been performed using Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS2009) software

STRATEGIES OF WEB­BASED INSTRUCTION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF PHRASAL VERBS IN ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Web­based learning is the most effective strategy in delivering the best training to the maximum number of learners at the lowest cost. Fifteen modules in different web­based instructional strategies viz. OT, OTswSRM and OT­OC have been developed. The results of the study reveal that the performance of e­learners on Communicative English through internet is very much encouraging.   Article visualizations

A Study on Thandagavatham (Lumbar spondylosis)

40 cases of thandagavatham were diagnosed clinically based on Yugi Vaithiya Chinthamani 800 and admitted in inpatient and outpatient ward of post graduate department of Sirappu Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai and treated by the trial medicines. • Laboratory diagnosis of thandagavatham was done by Siddha diagnostic principles and endorsed by modern methods of investigations. • The various siddha principle of examinations were carried out and recorded in the proforma. • The trial medicine chosen for both internal and external treatment were Kustathi Choornam thrice a day with hot water internally and Eranda Thylam applied Externally. • The selection of patients and management of patients during admission and after treatment was carried out under the supervision of professor, reader, lecturer grade II of P.G. Sirappu maruthuvam department. • Before starting the treatment, patient’s history was taken and recorded for the selected forty cases. • During the period of treatment all the patients were put under pathiyam (A specific dietary regimen). • A periodical haematologocal investigation was made for all the cases. • Bio chemical analysis of Kustathi choornam showed. Presense of sulphate, ferrous iron, unsaturated compound, reducing sugar and amino acid. • The pharmacological evaluation of the Kustathi choornam had showed the significant analgesic and anti inflammatory actions. No acute toxicity effects were noted. • The in patients are discharged after the prescribed time period as in protocol and advised to follow out patients ward. • The observations made during the clinical study shows that the internal drug Kustathi choornam is clinically effective. • Clinically the patient has marked reduction of low back pain with the radiating pain in the lower limb and restricted movements and decreases ESR was noted. • Though there was appreciable clinical improvement. The action of external application Eranda thylam with Varmam is also quite remarkable. CONCLUSION: Selected 40 patients were treated with internal trial drug Kustathi choornam 1 gram with hot water and Eranda thylam 30 ml per day.Varmam is given for 20 inpatients. Trial drug has the significant reduction of signs and symptoms. • The trial medicine has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory. • Further follow up of all these patients showed the disappearance of signs and relief from symptoms. • The trial medicines were free from side effects, adverse effects and toxic effects. • The effect of the drug were observed as: Marked effect – 35%, Moderate effect – 47.5%, Mild effect – 17.5%. This result of the clinical trial illustrates the good clinical effect of the trial drug and the complementary therapy

Crystal structure of dimethyl ammonium 5-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl barbiturate

The titled molecular salt dimethyl ammonium 5-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl barbiturate has been prepared from the ethanolic solution of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and dimethyl amine. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and single crystal diffraction results support the proposed structure of the compound. The crystal structure of the titled complex [monoclinic, space group p21/n, a=11.5729 (15)Å, b=8.6857(11) Å, c=16.701(2) Å, Z=4] are analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In this crystal, intermolecular N-H…O and C-H…O hydrogen bonds forming a three dimensional network and small red spot in Hirshfeld surfaces indicates the presence of C-H...π interactions

IoT Based Industrial Production Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks

The objective of the work is to monitoring the production lines in industry using wireless sensor networks. This work presents the benefits of an automated data collection and display system for production lines. It involves wireless sensor networks for monitoring the productions in industry. Condition monitoring reduces human inspection requirements through automated monitoring, reduces maintenance through detecting faults before they escalate and improves safety and reliability. This work can monitor productions using temperature, voltage and current sensors with support of microcontroller. The relay is acts like a switch to monitor the production lines. In this work, Global System for Mobile communication technique is used to transferring the collected data. The collection of data, it is transferred into computerize spreadsheet in the remote office by authorized personnel for reporting purpose. The system will generate an automated report which stays in place and the management only needs to act base on the results. This work is cost effective automatic data collection is the alternative to manual data collection. It significantly improves the accuracy of the valuable reports for the management. It also reduces the time for identifying the fault using this techniqu

A Comparative Analysis of Age-Stage Two Sex Life Tables in Distinct Forms of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.): Insights into Population Dynamics and Reproductive Strategies

Callosobruchus maculatus, the bean weevil, is a fascinating insect that showcases remarkable adaptations for survival. Found in tropical and subtropical regions, it has become a global pest due to its adaptability and hitchhiking capabilities, causing substantial grain losses. This small beetle, part of the Chrysomelidae family, serves as a valuable model organism in entomology and agricultural research. One of the key aspects of Callosobruchus maculatus that captures the attention of scientists is its dichotomy between active and inactive forms. These two forms represent distinct survival strategies employed by the beetle to navigate its ever-changing environment. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the study on Callosobruchus maculatus, highlighting the two distinct forms of the species, their adaptations, and the significance of understanding their lifetable parameters. It emphasizes the ecological, practical, and research-oriented implications of this study, ranging from ecological insights to pest management strategies and the optimization of mass multiplication protocols. These forms exhibited notable differences in various life history parameters and survival characteristics. Flightless-inactive females had longer preoviposition and oviposition period and laid a significantly higher average of eggs per female with higher reproduction potential. Female fecundity (eggs/female) was much lower in the flight-active form (18.6) than in the flightless-inactive form (84.10) and maintained constant survival rate. Life expectancy values were generally lower for the flightless-inactive form compared to the flight-active form across different stages and sexes. Both males and females in the flight-active form exhibited a consistent and relatively high life expectancy, with a 100% chance of survival throughout all age intervals. Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the differences in life history traits, reproductive strategies, and survival patterns between the flight-active and flightless-inactive forms of Callosobruchus beetles in a controlled laboratory environment

A study on Consumer Reaction on Passenger Car Tyre Selection in Theni

This research investigates the consumer reaction on passenger car tyre selection in Theni. This study understanding of consumer needs and wants. Finally I have given some views and suggestions to the company with which they can satisfy the consumer

Methyl 2,2-bis­(2,4-dinitro­phen­yl)ethano­ate

In the title compound, C15H10N4O10, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 89.05 (16)°. One O atom of one of the nitro groups is disordered over two sites in a 0.70:0.30 ratio. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions