Молекулярное типирование CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP1A2 и MDR1 в персонализации психофармакотерапии

Accurate and reproducible techniques for determining key polymorphism of drug metabolizing CYP450 and MDR1 genes have been designed. Based on those techniques, pharmacogenetic test as well as genetic data interpretation algorithm has been developed, which allows to personalize and improve the effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy.Разработаны точные воспроизводимые методики определения полиморфизма генов CYP 450, участвующих в биотрансформации лекарственных средств, и транспортера лекарственных средств MDR1. На основе данных методик разработан фармакогенетический тест, а также алгоритм интерпретации данных молекулярного типирования пациентов по исследуемым полиморфизмам, позволяющий персонализировать психофармакотерапию и повысить ее эффективность

Predicting global invasion risks: a management tool to prevent future introductions

Predicting regions at risk from introductions of non-native species and the subsequent invasions is a fundamental aspect of horizon scanning activities that enable the development of more effective preventative actions and planning of management measures. The Asian cyprinid fish topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva has proved highly invasive across Europe since its introduction in the 1960s. In addition to direct negative impacts on native fish populations, P. parva has potential for further damage through transmission of an emergent infectious disease, known to cause mortality in other species. To quantify its invasion risk, in regions where it has yet to be introduced, we trained 900 ecological niche models and constructed an Ensemble Model predicting suitability, then integrated a proxy for introduction likelihood. This revealed high potential for P. parva to invade regions well beyond its current invasive range. These included areas in all modelled continents, with several hotspots of climatic suitability and risk of introduction. We believe that these methods are easily adapted for a variety of other invasive species and that such risk maps could be used by policy-makers and managers in hotspots to formulate increased surveillance and early-warning systems that aim to prevent introductions and subsequent invasions

Biology and conservation of freshwater bivalves : past, present and future perspectives

Freshwater bivalves have been highly threatened by human activities, and recently their global decline has been causing conservational and social concern. In this paper, we review the most important research events in freshwater bivalve biology calling attention to the main scientific achievements. A great bias exists in the research effort, with much more information available for bivalve species belonging to the Unionida in comparison to other groups. The same is true for the origin of these studies, since the publishing pattern does not always correspond to the hotspots of biodiversity but is concentrated in the northern hemisphere mainly in North America, Europe and Russia, with regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia being quite understudied. We also summarize information about past, present and future perspectives concerning the most important research topics that include taxonomy, systematics, anatomy, physiology, ecology and conservation of freshwater bivalves. Finally, we introduce the articles published in this Hydrobiologia special issue related with the International Meeting on Biology and Conservation of Freshwater Bivalves held in 2012 in Braganc¸a, Portugal.We would like to express our gratitude to our sponsors and institutions, especially to the Polytechnic Institute of Braganca for all the logistic support. We acknowledge all keynote speakers, authors, session chairpersons and especially to all attendees whose contributions were fundamental for the success of this meeting. We would also like to thank all referees of this special issue and to Koen Martens, Editor-in-Chief of Hydrobiologia, for all the valuable comments and suggestions. The chronogram was built with the help of the expert opinion of fellow colleagues Rafael Araujo, Arthur Bogan, Kevin Cummings, Dan Graf, Wendell Haag, Karl-Otto Nagel and David Strayer to whom we are very grateful. The authors acknowledge the support provided by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and COMPETE funds-projects CONBI (Contract: PTDC/AAC-AMB/117688/2010) and ECO-IAS (Contract: PTDC/AAC-AMB/116685/2010), and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE, under the project "PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011"

Polyunsaturated fatty acid content in muscle tissue is associated with the duration of embryo development in salmonoid fishes (Salmonoidei)

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.A hypothesis was advanced and grounded that the total content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n-3) acids in fish muscle tissue is associated with the species-specific (taxon-specific) duration of embryo development. A meta-analysis of the original and published data was performed using fishes of the families Coregonidae and Salmonidae as an example. Fishes with longer embryo development times, which are observed at lower temperatures, were found to have significantly higher EPA + DHA contents in muscles as compared with the species that belong to the same families but have shorter embryo development times. This association was explained by the fact that an embryo forms more cells per unit tissue volume at lower temperatures, which requires a greater specific amount of cell membranes and, therefore, greater amounts of EPA and DHA to produce them

OPPORTUNITIES TO OPTIMIZE ANTIEPILEPTIC THERAPY WITH USE OF PHARMACOGENETIC BIOMARKERS

Pharmacogenetics allows to determine the cause of the ineffectiveness of drug therapy for certain groups of people who do not respond to treatment or exhibiting an inadequate response to a standard dose of the drug. Pharmacogenetic test can predict the speed and features of a metabolism of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy, depending on the activity involved in their metabolism enzyme systems and conveyors, that allows to individualize drug therapy in epileptological practice, to avoid side effects

OUR EXPERIENCE IN APPLICATION OF AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FOR THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC EPILEPSY

Abstract: an article presented the data on application of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) from bone marrow for therapy of 10 patients suffering from drug-resistant symptomatic epilepsy. Intravenous injection of 40.0-101.0Ч106 (mean 68.2± 8,48Ч106) MMSCs endolumbal injection of 2.7-8.0Ч106 (mean 6.34±0.72Ч106) neuroinduced MMSCs did non induced in patients unfovarable reactions an complications. Moreover, during 3-11 months of monitoring 5 of 10 patients demonstrated decrease the frequency or disappearance of seizures, severity the incidence of seizures. 2 patients demonstrated increase of cognitive functions, 2 patients – decrease the level of anxiety. We concluded that application of MMSC-base cellular therapy id safe and enable to facilitate seizure status in patients with drug-resistant symptomatic epilepsy

THE COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF PERSONALIZING THERAPY WITH ANTICONVULSANTS AND ANTIPSYCHOTICS ON THE BASIS OF PHARMACOGENETIC TESTING

The purpose of research — to develop a pharmacogenetic test to predict the speed and features of a metabolism of anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antidepressants, depending on genetically determined activity of enzyme systems and proteins-transporters of drugs.Materials and Methods. During 4 years in the study included 260 patients with epilepsy and schizophrenia, located on the hospital treatment in the Centre of Mental Health (Minsk). Patients characterized by the presence of side effects and drug-resistance.Results. As a result, taking into account the genetic information in 79% of patients with epilepsy and in 73% of patients with schizophrenia, there was a significant clinical effect.Conclusion. The results demonstrated the great significance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the particular patient in the development of pharmacoresistance, regardless of nosology. The genetics of drug metabolism can improve the treatment and reduce the time to achieve clinical benefit from the treatment

Round-the-World Voyage of the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Phylogeographic Data Covering the Entire Species Range

A total of 205 COI sequences and 310 cyt b sequences of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from basins of all seas throughout the vast range of this species were analyzed. Median networks of haplotypes constructed in this study, combined with the results of reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions, led to the conclusion that the threespine stickleback emerged as a species in the Pacific Ocean basin and spread to Europe from the south, populating the system of water bodies that existed in the Oligocene. The main water body was the Paratethys Ocean (Sea), which existed 5–34 Mya. In the area of the modern North Sea, stickleback populations, part of which later migrated to the eastern and western coasts of North America, gave rise to the group of haplotypes that has the widest distribution in northern Europe. The stickleback populations belonging to the lineage that dispersed along the Arctic and western coasts of North America displaced the carriers of the haplotypes of the ancient phylogenetic lineage that inhabited the Pacific coast. The ancestors of G. wheatlandi dispersed from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean via the Arctic to meet G. aculeatus, which circled the globe from east to west

Round-the-World Voyage of the Threespine Stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>): Phylogeographic Data Covering the Entire Species Range

A total of 205 COI sequences and 310 cyt b sequences of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from basins of all seas throughout the vast range of this species were analyzed. Median networks of haplotypes constructed in this study, combined with the results of reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions, led to the conclusion that the threespine stickleback emerged as a species in the Pacific Ocean basin and spread to Europe from the south, populating the system of water bodies that existed in the Oligocene. The main water body was the Paratethys Ocean (Sea), which existed 5–34 Mya. In the area of the modern North Sea, stickleback populations, part of which later migrated to the eastern and western coasts of North America, gave rise to the group of haplotypes that has the widest distribution in northern Europe. The stickleback populations belonging to the lineage that dispersed along the Arctic and western coasts of North America displaced the carriers of the haplotypes of the ancient phylogenetic lineage that inhabited the Pacific coast. The ancestors of G. wheatlandi dispersed from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean via the Arctic to meet G. aculeatus, which circled the globe from east to west