SWAT use of gridded observations for simulating runoff – a Vietnam river basin study

Many research studies that focus on basin hydrology have applied the SWAT model using station data to simulate runoff. But over regions lacking robust station data, there is a problem of applying the model to study the hydrological responses. For some countries and remote areas, the rainfall data availability might be a constraint due to many different reasons such as lacking of technology, war time and financial limitation that lead to difficulty in constructing the runoff data. To overcome such a limitation, this research study uses some of the available globally gridded high resolution precipitation datasets to simulate runoff. Five popular gridded observation precipitation datasets: (1) Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards the Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), (2) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), (3) Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN), (4) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), (5) a modified version of Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN2) and one reanalysis dataset, National Centers for Environment Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) are used to simulate runoff over the Dak Bla river (a small tributary of the Mekong River) in Vietnam. Wherever possible, available station data are also used for comparison. Bilinear interpolation of these gridded datasets is used to input the precipitation data at the closest grid points to the station locations. Sensitivity Analysis and Auto-calibration are performed for the SWAT model. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Coefficient of Determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) indices are used to benchmark the model performance. Results indicate that the APHRODITE dataset performed very well on a daily scale simulation of discharge having a good NSE of 0.54 and <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.55, when compared to the discharge simulation using station data (0.68 and 0.71). The GPCP proved to be the next best dataset that was applied to the runoff modelling, with NSE and <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.46 and 0.51, respectively. The PERSIANN and TRMM rainfall data driven runoff did not show good agreement compared to the station data as both the NSE and <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> indices showed a low value of 0.3. GHCN2 and NCEP also did not show good correlations. The varied results by using these datasets indicate that although the gauge based and satellite-gauge merged products use some ground truth data, the different interpolation techniques and merging algorithms could also be a source of uncertainties. This entails a good understanding of the response of the hydrological model to different datasets and a quantification of the uncertainties in these datasets. Such a methodology is also useful for planning on Rainfall-runoff and even reservoir/river management both at rural and urban scales

Penggunaan Kartu Huruf untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas 1

ION: this Title Research [is] " Usage of Card Letter for Uplifting Of Skill To write in Study of Indonesian [in] Class 1 Elementary School Country 04 Melobo Sanggau". This Research [is] [done/conducted] in 2 cycle on the chance of getting correct picture [is] way of USAge of letter card in study of Ianguage of Indonesia about skill write and at the same time see result learn educative [by] participant the obtained after following study with letter card. As for result of which [is] obtained from this research [is]: Teacher have applied USAge of letter card in study of Ianguage of Indonesia [pass/through] USAge of letter card in uplift skill to write better, pursuant to percentage of cycle mean of I equal to 61,11 becoming 77,78 [at] cycle of II. Complete [of] Result learn educative participant in the case of skill write also experience of the make-up of which [is] signifikan from 55,56% [at] cycle of I mount to become 88,89% [at] cycle of II. Equally that USAge of letter card media can uplift skill to write educative participant in study of Ianguage of Indonesia [in] class 1 country elementary school 04 Melobo Sangga

Characterization of Rare Earth Elements in Tailing of Ex-Tin Mining Sands From Singkep Island, Indonesia

The objective of this research is to determine the rare earth elements (REEs) from themonazite minerals content of several tin tailing sands (TTS)of ex-tin mining area in Kuala Raya Singkep Island, Indonesia. We used the energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX)-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize the contents of the samples. The coupled analytical of XRD with SEM/EDX approach enabled to be used for mineralogical identification on the heavy mineral as a rapid determination approach. The analysis of the samples indicates only the presence of REEs including lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and thorium (Th) are consistent with the identification of monazite and minerals in the tailing sand. The results show that the average REEs consist of La at 0.2 .%, Ce at 7.8 %, and Th at 2.0% respectively. It is concluded that monazite minerals in TTS has an economic potential to be developed. These monazite minerals can be used as material for semiconductor devices

Hubungan antara Kadar Creatine Kinase-MB dengan Mortalitas Pasien Infark Miokard Akut Selama Perawatan di RS. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makasar

Increase of CK-MB level is associated with myocardial infarction size and severity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the admission CK-MB level of acute myocardial patients and the in-hospital mortality. Secondary data of 60 acute myocardial infarction patientshospitalized in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit of Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from June 2010 to July 2011 were taken. Admission CK-MB levels between the period of 3 hours to 1 week after onset were then analyzed. The mean of admission CK-MB level in the in-hospital survived and non survived acute myocardial infarction patients were 89.52+121.59 U/l and 202.88+192.75 U/l respectively (Mann Whitney Test, p=0.005). There were significant mortality rate difference amongall CK-MB quartiles with mortality rate 13.3%, 6.7%, 40% and 46.7 % in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile respectively (Chi Square Test, p=0.031) but the odds ratio of mortality between quartiles were not different.. There was significant difference of admission CK-MB levels in the in-hospitalsurvived and non survived acute myocardial infarction.Keywords : CK-MB, myocardial infarction, mortalityAbstrakPeningkatan kadar CK-MB pada infark miokard akut menunjukkan luas dan parahnya penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar CK-MB pada pasien infark miokard akut saat masuk rumah sakit dan mortalitas pasien selama perawatan di rumah sakit.. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medis 60 pasien infark miokard akut yang dirawat di Unit Perawatan Jantung Intensif Rumah Sakit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar periode Juli 2010 hingga Juni 2011. Kadar CK-MB diperoleh saat masuk rumah sakit antara 3 jam hingga 1 minggu setelah onset. Rerata kadar CK-MB pada penderita infark miokard akut yang survive dan meninggal selama perawatan adalah 89,52+121,59 U/l dan 202,88+192,75U/l (Uji Mann Whitney, p=0,005). Ditemukan perbedaantingkat mortalitas yang bermakna antar kuartil CK-MB masing-masing 13,3%, 6,7%, 40% dan 46,7% pada kuartil 1, 2, 3 dan 4 berturut-turut ( Uji Chi Square, p=0,031) tetapi risiko mortalitas antar kuartil tidak berbeda bermakna. Ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar CK-MB pada pasien yang survive maupun yang meninggal selama perawatan.Kata kunci : CK-MB, infark miokard, mortalita

Pemodelan TEC Regional dari Data GPS Stasiun Tetap di Indonesia dan Sekitarnya

 Ionosphere affect propagation of electromagnetic waves through it by adding a transmission delay time. In GPS positioning and navigation, ionospheric delay is largest source of error after error from Selective Availability (SA) was turned off. For GPS positioning precisely ionospheric effect must be estimated so ionospheric correction can be determinated to eliminate ionospheric effect on GPS observation. In positioning by using GPS single frequency, ionospheric correction can be obtained from GPS dual frequency receiver at reference station or model. This paper describes method of determination and modeling of regional total electron content (TEC) from continuous GPS station in Indonesia and it's around. Spatial model of TEC at certain time is estimated by using polynomial function. Diurnal variation of polynomial model coefficient at certain hour from 00.00 "“ 23.00 UT is estimated with Fourier expansion

The iron-chelating drug M30 down-regulates carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)-induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in vitro

Topic: 2 Acute Liver FailureThis journal suppl. entitled: APASL Liver Week 2013BACKGROUND/AIMS: The novel multifunctional brain permeable ironchelator M30 possesses neuroprotective activities against several insults applicable to various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of M30 on CCl4 induced acute liver damage is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the multifunctional drug M30 could ameliorate CCl4 induced hepatic injury in human HepG2 cell line. METHODS: HepG2 cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with ...postprin

Variational Deep Semantic Hashing for Text Documents

As the amount of textual data has been rapidly increasing over the past decade, efficient similarity search methods have become a crucial component of large-scale information retrieval systems. A popular strategy is to represent original data samples by compact binary codes through hashing. A spectrum of machine learning methods have been utilized, but they often lack expressiveness and flexibility in modeling to learn effective representations. The recent advances of deep learning in a wide range of applications has demonstrated its capability to learn robust and powerful feature representations for complex data. Especially, deep generative models naturally combine the expressiveness of probabilistic generative models with the high capacity of deep neural networks, which is very suitable for text modeling. However, little work has leveraged the recent progress in deep learning for text hashing. In this paper, we propose a series of novel deep document generative models for text hashing. The first proposed model is unsupervised while the second one is supervised by utilizing document labels/tags for hashing. The third model further considers document-specific factors that affect the generation of words. The probabilistic generative formulation of the proposed models provides a principled framework for model extension, uncertainty estimation, simulation, and interpretability. Based on variational inference and reparameterization, the proposed models can be interpreted as encoder-decoder deep neural networks and thus they are capable of learning complex nonlinear distributed representations of the original documents. We conduct a comprehensive set of experiments on four public testbeds. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed supervised learning models for text hashing.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Genetic Association and Expression of Myoglobin Gene Related to Mineral Content in IPB-D2 Chickens

Myoglobin (MB) gene encodes the protein of myoglobin, which is a protein found in muscle tissues that plays a crucial role in binding and storing oxygen. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the MB gene, examine its relationship with the meat mineral content, and analyze its expression in the liver and thigh muscle tissue of IPB-D2 chicken. A total of 55 IPB-D2 chickens were used in this study. Identification of the gene polymorphism, quantification of the mineral content, and gene expression were performed using the direct sequencing method, the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method, and the qRT-PCR, respectively. Chicken thigh muscle and liver tissues were used as the source of mRNA in this study. The statistical analysis methods used were the chi-square test to test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the T-test for mineral association analysis and gene expression analysis. IPB-D2 chicken on average contains 17.81, 0.22, 16.50, and 0.34 mg/kg of Fe, Se, Zn, and Mn, respectively. Two SNPs were found in 5’UTR of the MB gene, namely SNP g.17 G>T and SNP g.25 T>C. Genotype TT (g.17 G>T) and genotype CC (g.25 T>C) were significantly (P<0.05) associated with high Fe content in IPB-D2 chicken. The gene expression analysis showed that MB mRNA expression in the liver was not statistically different between high Fe (TT/CC) and low Fe (GG/TT and GT/TC) genotype combination. Meanwhile, in the thigh muscle, MB mRNA expression in TT/CC genotype combination was significantly higher than GG/TT and GT/TC genotype combination (P<0.05). These results suggest that the identified polymorphisms in the IPB-D2 MB gene could serve as references for investigating similar gene in other chicken breeds, especially regarding Fe, Se, Zn, and Mn mineral content