Expression of TopBP1 in hereditary breast cancer

TopBP1 protein displays structural as well as functional similarities to BRCA1 and is involved in DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint response and transcriptional regulation. Aberrant expression of TopBP1 may lead to genomic instability and can have pathological consequences. In this study we aimed to investigate expression of TopBP1 gene at mRNA and protein level in hereditary breast cancer. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed in 127 breast cancer samples. Expression of TopBP1 mRNA in lobular carcinoma was significantly lower compared with ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05). The level of TopBP1 mRNA appeared to be lower in poorly differentiated (III grade) hereditary breast cancer in comparison with moderately (II grade) and well-differentiated cancer (I grade) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively). We analyzed TopBP1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques. Expression of TopBP1 protein was found to be significantly increased in poorly differentiated breast cancer (III grade) (p < 0.05). The percentage of samples with cytoplasmic apart from nuclear staining increased with increasing histological grade. There was no significant association between level and intracellular localization of TopBP1 protein in hereditary breast cancer and other clinicopathological parameters such as estrogen and progesterone receptors status, appearance of metastasis in the axillary lymph nodes and type of cancer. Our data suggest that decreased level of TopBP1 mRNA and increased level of TopBP1 protein might be associated with progression of hereditary breast cancer

The role of interventions in the cancer evolution–an evolutionary games approach

We propose to endow evolutionary game models with changes of the phenotypes adjustment during the transient generations performed by the parameters in the payo matrix which determine the fitness resulting from di erent interactions between players. These changes represent an alteration of access to external resources which, in turn, may reflect anticancer treatment. In the case of spatial games, these functions are represented by an additional lattice where another and parallel game based on cellular automata is performed. The main assumption of the spatial games is that each cell on the lattice is represented by a player following only one strategy. We propose to consider cells on the spatial lattice as heterogeneous (instead of homogeneous), so that each particular player may contain mixed phenotypes. Spatial games of the type, proposed by us, are called multidimensional spatial evolutionary games (MSEG). It may happen that within the population, all of the players have diverse phenotypes (which probably better describes biological phenomena). The additional lattice representing the evolution of resources increases only the dimension of the lattice in the MSEG

Main conclusions of the report - information to consumers on safely use the chemicals

W artykule omówiono raport - studium na temat skuteczności komunikowania zagrożeń, które powstało w odpowiedzi na wymagania Artykułu 34 Rozporządzenia CLP. Tekst jest kontynuacją tematyki związanej z bezpiecznym stosowaniem chemikaliów.The paper presents results of studies on the efficiency of communication about hazardous chemicals, introduced by CLP Regulation (Article 34). This article continues the problem associated with safely using chemicals

Yielding of winter wheat in specialistic crop rotations and monocultures under different soil conditions

Работа представляет собой подведение итогов 20-летних севооборотных исследований с озимой пшеницей возделываемой в северновосто- чной части Польши. Эта культура давала тем высшие урожаи (в пределе 5, 60-2, 85 т зерна с гектара), чем больше содержалось в почве илистых частиц и органического вещества. Регрессия продуктивности пшеницы по мере повышения ее участия в севообороте свыше 50% ослабевается по мере улучшения природного потенциала среды. Противодейство- вание утомлению почвы путем усиленного удобрения HPK выражается повышением продуктивности на более плодородных почвах только на 2-5%, а на более бедных даже до 20%. Некоторые предшественники для озимой пшеницы были составлены в снижеющемся горядке относительно качества предшественника для озимой пшеницы: конские бобы, озимый рапс, овес, яровая пшеница, чровой ячмень, озимая пшеница. Система длительной монокультуры приводит к снижению урожая зерна пшеницы в пределах 9-12%, а на средних до легких - 17-48%.The work constitutes a summing up of the 20-year crop rotation investigations with winter wheat cultivated in the northeastern part of Poland. The cereal in question gave the higher yield (within the interval of 5.60-2.83 t of grain from hectare), the more clay particles and organic matter were contained in soil. Backwardness in the wheat production along with the growth of its share of over 50% was weakening along with an "improvement of natural production potential of the site. The counteraction to the soil sickness by means of intensified NPK fertilization is manifested itself by yield increments amounting on more fertille soils to 3-5% and on poorer soils even to 20%. Some forecrops for winter wheat can be put in the following order according to the decreasing after effects: field beans, winter rape, oats, summer wheat, summer barley, winter wheat. The continuous monoculture leads to a decrease of the winter whet yields within the following limits: by 9-12% on more cohesive soils and by 17-48% on medium to light soils