Experimental evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of stevia rebaudiana, Anacardium occidentale on wistar rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia etc. is one of the pandemic metabolic disorder in the world, may lead to obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia etc. Despite of medical advances like oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin pump, xenotransplantation and all don't provide enough control of blood sugar level to control Diabetes and its complications. Hence it is the right time for work on a new medicine, which can successfully control the blood sugar and bodily lipids and cost effective one also. In the present study an attempt is made to check the efficacy of folklore drugs with a conventional anti-diabetic compound glibenclamide.Methods: The decoction of a drugs Stevia rebaudiana and Anacardium occidentale prepared as described in The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, wistar rats of either sex were selected randomly. Before and after values of blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipid and total cholesterol level were taken.Results: On analyzing the results, the study showed that the trial drug II stevia is effective and trial drug I Kajutaka is slightly effective in reducing the glucose level next to glibenclamide. The trial drug I Kajutaka showed effective in reducing the Triglyceride level followed by Stevia. The action may be due to alkaloids such as Stevioside, Rebaudioside possessed by Stevia, which may stimulate the islets of the pancreas to release Insulin. The Hypolipedimic action may be due to presence of Chemical constituents in Kajutaka leaf such as Ascorbic acid and Niacin.Conclusions: The present experimental study is preliminary one elaborate study with larger sample size is required to come up with a more significant result

A Review on Toxic Drug – Gunja

The Visha Dravya Gunja is mentioned in Samhita and other Ayurvedic texts. In Samhita it is mentioned under Sthavara Visha and in the texts of Rasashastra it classified is under Upavishas. The history of poisons and poisoning dates back several thousand years. Abrus precatorius is a severely invasive plant in warm temperate to tropical regions, so much so that it has become effectively pantropical in distribution. It has been estimated that some form of poison directly or indirectly is responsible for more than 1 million illnesses worldwide annually. Most cases of poisoning actually go unreported, especially in Third world countries. The incidence of poisoning in India is highest in the world. The causes of poisoning in India are highest in the world. The commonest agents in India appear to be plant toxins, pesticides, chemical and household poisons. The Shodhana of Gunja is also mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. In this manuscript the detail explanation regarding Gunja in Ayurvedic and contemporary texts has been compiled and critically analyzed

Near-Infrared and Optical Studies of the fast nova V4643 Sgr (Nova Sagittarii 2001)

V4643 Sagittarii or Nova Sagittarii 2001 was discovered in outburst at 7.7 mag. on 2001 February 24. Here, we present near-infrared results of this fast classical nova obtained in the early decline phase in 2001 March followed by optical observations about one month later. Subsequently we also present near-infrared spectra taken later in the nova's evolution, about four months after the outburst, when V4643 Sgr had entered the coronal phase. The spectra in the early decline phase are dominated by emission lines of the HI Brackett series and also the Paschen beta and gamma lines. We study the cause of the excitation of the the OI line at 1.128 micron and discuss the variation in its strength with time after outburst. We discuss the role of optical depth effects on the observed strengths of the hydrogen Brackett and Paschen lines and discuss possible reasons for the puzzling behavior of the Br gamma line strength and whether it is correlated with the OI 1.128 micron line behavior. An optical spectrum is presented which shows that HeII lines are the most prominent features - after HI - to be seen in early 2001 April. We present and also discuss spectra taken in 2001 June and August which prominently show coronal lines of [Si VI] and [Si VII] at 1.9641 micron and 2.4807 micron respectively.Comment: Accepted in MNRA

Short-wavelength photoluminescence and electroluminescence in Ga(Al)P/GaP staggered type II quantum wells

Photoluminescence spectra of tailored Ga(A1)P/GaP quantum well heterostructures exhibit strong short-wavelength peaks at 363, 560, and 600−700 nm. The peak at 560 nm seems to originate from a no-phonon transition. All the transitions are observed up to 200 K. Light emitting diodes made with the same heterostructure predominently emit 560 nm light (green) with a background of 700 nm (red) at room temperature under cw operation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69925/2/APPLAB-71-22-3260-1.pd

Significance of prescription elements and determination of prescription errors in psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital

Background: Prescription is a paper or electronic document issued by licensed medical practitioner detailing the medicine or medicines to be dispensed for an individually named patient. Psychopharmacology is a rapidly growing field and psychiatrists are exposed to lots of newly introduced drugs. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the Errors in elements of Prescription in Psychiatry Outpatient Department.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive, non-interventional study in OPD of Psychiatry Department for 12weeks, 300 prescriptions was analyzed.Results: Superscription transcription and subscription was included in almost all the prescriptions. In 244 (81.33%) signature was present. Registration number was written in 177 (59.0%) prescriptions. Only 56 (18.70%) prescriptions were written in generic name and 49 (16.34%) in capital letter. The dose was written in 241 (80.34%) of the total prescription. The frequency was written for all the drugs in 273 (91.0%) and some drugs in 46 (15.34%) and none of the drugs in 13 (4.33%) of the total prescriptions. Instructions for use was written for all the drugs in 216 (72.0%) and some drugs in 39 (13.0%) and none of the drugs in 45 (15.0%) of the total prescription. Total quantity to be dispensed was written for all the drugs in 284 (94.66%) and some drugs in 9 (3.0%) and none of the drugs in 7 (2.33%) of the total prescription. Polypharmacy was observed only in a quartile of the total prescriptions.Conclusions: The results of the present study show varied compliance to different elements of prescription writing. Low level of generic prescription observed in this study is a matter of concern. Increased generic prescribing will reduce the cost of medications and promote medication adherence

Survey on Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease using Different Types of Neural Network Architecture

Alzheimer’s disease is a condition that leads to, progressive neurological brain disorder and destroys cells of the brain thereby causing an individual to lose their ability to continue daily activities and also hampers their mentality. Diagnostic symptoms are experienced by patients usually at later stages after irreversible neural damage occurs. Detection of AD is challenging because sometimes the signs that distinguish AD MRI data, can be found in MRI data of normal healthy brains of older people. Even though this disease is not completely curable, earlier detection can aid in promising treatment and prevent permanent damage to brain tissues. Age and genetics are the greatest risk factors for this disease. This paper presents the latest reports on AD detection based on different types of Neural Network Architectures

The energy-momentum tensor,the trace identity and the Casimir effect

The trace identity associated with the scale transformation x^\mu\tox'{}^\mu = e^{-\rho}x^\mu on the Lagrangian density for the noninteracting electromagnetic field in the covariant gauge is shown to be violated on a single plate on which the Dirichlet boundary condition $A^\mu(t,x^1,x^2,x^3=-a) = 0$ is imposed.It is however respected in free space,i.e. in the absence of the plate; these results reinforce our assertions in an earlier paper where the same exercise was carried out using the Lagrangian density for the free,massive,real scalar field in 2 + 1 dimensions.Comment: 22 page