Diethyl 6H,12H-5,11-methano­dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazo­cine-1,7-dicarboxyl­ate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C21H22N2O4, the 1,7-diethyl ester analogue of Tröger’s base, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 93.16 (3)°; the mol­ecule is C 2 symmetric

Kondenzirani pirimidini. II dio: Sinteza i antimikrobna aktivnost nekih furo[3,2-e]imidazo[1,2-c]pirimidina i furo[2,3-d]pirimidina

2-Amino-4,5-diphenylfuran-3-carbonitrile (2) reacted with N-[bis(methylthio)methylene]glycine ethyl ester (1) to afford a double cyclized product 5-methylthio-8,9-diphenylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo [1,2-c]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (3). Compound 2 also reacts with benzonitrile to give 4-amino- 2,5,6-triphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine (4). Treatment of 2 with HCONH2, under reflux, afforded 4-amino-5,6-diphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5) which was then allowed to react with chloroacetaldehyde to give 8,9-diphenylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine (6). Reaction of 2 with HCOOH gave 5,6-diphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (7) which was then converted to its tosyl derivative (8). The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds 2–8 was tested.2-Amino-4,5-difenilfuran-3-karbonitril (2) u reakciji s etilnim esterom N-[bis(metiltio)metilen]glicina (1) daje produkt dvostruke ciklizacije – 5-metiltio-8,9-difenilfuro[3,2-e]imidazol[1,2-c]pirimidin-2(3H)-on (3). Također, u reakciji s benzonitrilom spoj 2 daje 4-amino-2,5,6-trifenilfuro[2,3-d]pirimidin (4). Grijanjem spoja 2 s HCONH2 dobiven je 4-amino-5,6-difenilfuro[2,3-d]pirimidin (5), koji reakcijom s kloracetaldehidom daje 8,9- difenilfuro[2,3-d]imidazo[1,2-c]pirimidin (6). Reakcijom 2 s HCOOH dobiven je 5,6-difenilfuro[2,3-d]pirimidin- 4(3H)-on (7), koji je preveden u tozilat (8). Spojevima 2-8 ispitana je antimikrobna aktivnost

Impact of land cover changes on land surface temperature and human thermal comfort in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Urbanization leads to the construction of various urban infrastructures in the city area for residency, transportation, industry, and other purposes, which causes major land use change. Consequently, it substantially affects Land Surface Temperature (LST) by unbalancing the surface energy budget. Higher LST in city areas decreases human thermal comfort for the city dwellers and affects the urban environment and ecosystem. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation is needed to evaluate the impact of land use change on the LST. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used for the detailed investigation. RS data for the years 1993, 2007 and 2020 during summer (March–May) in Dhaka city were used to prepare land cover maps, analyze LST, generate hazard maps and relate the land cover change with LST by using GIS. The results show that the built-up area in Dhaka city increased by 67% from 1993 to 2020 by replacing lowland mainly, followed by vegetation, bare soil and water bodies. LSTs found in the study area were ranged from 23.26 to 39.94 °C, 23.69 to 43.35 °C and 24.44 to 44.58 °C for the years 1993, 2007 and 2020, respectively. The increases of spatially distributed maximum and mean LST were found 4.62 °C and 6.43 °C, respectively, for the study period of 27 years while the change in minimum LST was not substantial. LST increased by around 0.24 °C per year and human thermal discomfort shifted from moderate to strong heat stress for the total study period due to the increase of built-up and bare lands. This study also shows that normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) were negatively correlated with LST while normalized difference built-up Index (NDBI) and normalized difference built-up Index (NDBAI) were positively correlated with LST. The methodology developed in this study can be adapted to other cities around the globe

Ovarian Response to Different Dose Levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in Different Genotypes of Bangladeshi Cattle

The experiment was conducted under the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from June, 2001 to December, 2005 in two different locations (Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm and Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute in Savar, Dhaka) to observe ovarian response to different doses of FSH in three different genotypes of cattle- indigenous Local, Pabna cattle and Friesian×Local cross. Five different dose levels used were 200, 240, 280, 320 and 360 mg. Ovarian response as corpus luteum (CL), recovered embryo (RE) and of transferable embryos (TE) count in Local were significant for 320, 280 and 280 mg respectively. In Pabna cattle CL, RE and TE count were found significant for 360, 320 and 320 mg respectively. In Friesian×Local cross CL, RE and TE count were found significant for 360, 320 and 320 mg respectively. The excellent quality embryos showed significantly the highest yield (1.80±0.20) in the 240 and 280 mg FSH levels in Local genotype. In Pabna cattle, the highest yield (2.00±0.32) was found at FSH level 320 mg. In Friesian×Local, the highest yield (2.20±0.20) was found at FSH level 280 mg

Effect of phosphorus, molybdenum and rhizobium inoculation on yield and yield attributes of mungbean

An experiment was conducted during kharif season, 2005 at Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute to study the effect of phosphorus (P), molybdenum (Mo) and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield and yield contributing characters of mungbean (Vigna radiata) on a silty clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with four replications. Ten treatments were formulated with the combination of 4 levels of P (0, 20, 40, 60 kg/ha) and 2 levels of Mo (1.0, 1.5 kg/ha) having a common Rhizobium inoculant. P and Mo application at the rate of 40 and 1.0 kg/ha respectively, significantly increased yield and yield contributing characters of mungbean compared to uninoculated and control. Highest stover (26.67 g/plant) and grain yield (14.61 g/plant) were obtained with P (40 kg/ha), Mo (1.0 kg/ha) and Rhizobium inoculation. Above these levels of P and Mo decreased yield and yield contributing characters. Dry weight of plant tops, seed yield/plant and yield-contributing characters were positively correlated with the number of nodules/plant. Combined application of Rhizobium inoculant along with 40 kg P and 1.0 kg Mo/ha was considered to be the suitable combination of fertilizer for mungbean cultivation in silty clay loam soils

Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of South-East Asian Duck Populations Based on the mtDNA D-loop Sequences

The maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D–loop region is widely used for exploring genetic relationships and for investigating the origin of various animal species. Currently, domestic ducks play an important role in animal protein supply. In this study, partial mtDNA D–loop sequences were obtained from 145 samples belonging to six South-East Asian duck populations and commercial duck population. All these populations were closely related to the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), as indicated by their mean overall genetic distance. Sixteen nucleotide substitutions were identified in sequence analyses allowing the distinction of 28 haplotypes. Around 42.76% of the duck sequences were classified as Hap_02, which completely matched with Anas platyrhynchos duck species. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree also revealed that South-East Asian duck populations were closely related to Anas platyrhynchos. Network profiles were also traced using the 28 haplotypes. Overall, results showed that those duck populations D-loop haplotypes were shared between several duck breeds from Korea and Bangladesh sub continental regions. Therefore, these results confirmed that South-East Asian domestic duck populations have been domesticated from Anas platyrhynchos duck as the maternal origins

Experimental Study on the Low-velocity Impact Behavior of Foam-core Sandwich Panels

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97064/1/AIAA2012-1701.pd

Cryptosporidium Priming Is More Effective than Vaccine for Protection against Cryptosporidiosis in a Murine Protein Malnutrition Model

Cryptosporidium is a major cause of severe diarrhea, especially in malnourished children. Using a murine model of C. parvum oocyst challenge that recapitulates clinical features of severe cryptosporidiosis during malnutrition, we interrogated the effect of protein malnutrition (PM) on primary and secondary responses to C. parvum challenge, and tested the differential ability of mucosal priming strategies to overcome the PM-induced susceptibility. We determined that while PM fundamentally alters systemic and mucosal primary immune responses to Cryptosporidium, priming with C. parvum (106 oocysts) provides robust protective immunity against re-challenge despite ongoing PM. C. parvum priming restores mucosal Th1-type effectors (CD3+CD8+CD103+ T-cells) and cytokines (IFNγ, and IL12p40) that otherwise decrease with ongoing PM. Vaccination strategies with Cryptosporidium antigens expressed in the S. Typhi vector 908htr, however, do not enhance Th1-type responses to C. parvum challenge during PM, even though vaccination strongly boosts immunity in challenged fully nourished hosts. Remote non-specific exposures to the attenuated S. Typhi vector alone or the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN-1668 can partially attenuate C. parvum severity during PM, but neither as effectively as viable C. parvum priming. We conclude that although PM interferes with basal and vaccine-boosted immune responses to C. parvum, sustained reductions in disease severity are possible through mucosal activators of host defenses, and specifically C. parvum priming can elicit impressively robust Th1-type protective immunity despite ongoing protein malnutrition. These findings add insight into potential correlates of Cryptosporidium immunity and future vaccine strategies in malnourished children