743 research outputs found
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The Impact of Industry Collaboration on Academic Research Output: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis
The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of university knowledge and technology transfer activities on academic research output. Specifically, we study whether researchers with collaborative links with the private sector publish less than their peers without such links, once controlling for other sources of heterogeneity. We report findings from a longitudinal dataset on researchers from two engineering departments in the UK between 1985 until 2006. Our results indicate that researchers with industrial links publish significantly more than their peers. Academic productivity, though, is higher for low levels of industry involvement as
compared to high levels
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The Double-Edged Sword of Industry Collaboration: Evidence from Engineering Academics in the UK
This paper studies the impact of university-industry collaboration on academic research output. We report findings from a unique longitudinal dataset on all the researchers in all the engineering departments of 40 major universities in the UK for the last 20 years. We introduce a new measure of industry collaboration based on the fraction of research grants that include industry partners. Our results show that productivity increases with the intensity of industry collaboration, but only up to a certain point. Above a certain threshold, research productivity declines. Our results are robust to several econometric estimation methods, measures of research output, and for various subsamples of academics
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Adaptation to Health States: A Micro-Econometric Approach
Health care funding decisions in the UK are based on valuations of the general public. However, it has been shown that there is a disparity between a hypothetical valuation of the impact of a specific condition on health and the effect of that health state by someone who experiences it. This paper examines the issue of adaptation to health states, which partially may explain the discrepancy between hypothetical and experienced health state valuations. We use the British Cohort Study (BCS70) which is a longitudinal dataset that tracks a sample of British individuals since their birth in 1970. We use four BCS70 waves containing information on self-assessed health (SAH), morbidity as well as a number of socio-economic characteristics. To estimate the issue of adaptation, we implement a dynamic ordered probit model that controls for (health) state dependence. The empirical specification controls for morbidity and also includes a variable for the duration of the illness. We find that, for most chronic conditions, duration has a positive impact on self-assessed health, while for some conditions-such as diabetes- this does not occur. We interpret our results as evidence in support of the hypothesis that adaptation to chronic diseases exists and may explain at least in part the differences between general public and patients’ health state valuations
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Optimal sequential auctions
Sequential sealed first-price and open descending-price procurement-auctions are studied. We examine which procurement-auction rule achieves the low procurement cost. We show that the answer to this policy question depends on whether the items are complements or substitutes. With substitutes, the first-price procurement-auction is preferred, while with complements, the open descending-price procurement-auction is preferred. We also illustrate the procurement cost minimizing auction and the auction rule preferred by the bidders. With substitutes, bidders prefer the open descending-price procurement-auction, while with complements bidders prefer the first-price procurement-auction
High-precision analysis of binary stars with planets. I. Searching for condensation temperature trends in the HD 106515 system
We explore the probable chemical signature of planet formation in the
remarkable binary system HD 106515. The A star hosts a massive long-period
planet with 9 MJup detected by radial velocity. We also refine stellar and
planetary parameters by using non-solar-scaled opacities when modeling the
stars. Methods. We carried out a simultaneous determination of stellar
parameters and abundances, by applying for the first time non-solar-scaled
opacities in this binary system, in order to reach the highest possible
precision. Results. The stars A and B in the binary system HD 106515 do not
seem to be depleted in refractory elements, which is different when comparing
the Sun with solar-twins. Then, the terrestrial planet formation would have
been less efficient in the stars of this binary system. Together with HD
80606/7, this is the second binary system which does not seem to present a
(terrestrial) signature of planet formation, and hosting both systems an
eccentric giant planet. This is in agreement with numerical simulations, where
the early dynamical evolution of eccentric giant planets clear out most of the
possible terrestrial planets in the inner zone. We refined the stellar mass,
radius and age for both stars and found a notable difference of 78% in R
compared to previous works. We also refined the planet mass to mp sini = 9.08
+/- 0.20 MJup, which differs by 6% compared with literature. In addition, we
showed that the non-solar-scaled solution is not compatible with the classical
solar-scaled method, and some abundance differences are comparable to NLTE or
GCE effects specially when using the Sun as reference. Then, we encourage the
use of non-solar-scaled opacities in high-precision studies such as the
detection of Tc trends.[abridged]Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, A&A accepted. arXiv admin note: text overlap
with arXiv:1507.0812
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Willingness to Pay for Health Insurance in the Informal Sector of Sierra Leone
Purpose: The objective of this project is to study the willingness to pay (WTP) for health insurance (HI) of individuals working in the informal sector in Sierra Leone, using a purposely-designed survey of a representative sample of this sector.
Methods: We elicit the WTP using the Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice with Follow Up method. We also examine the factors that are positively and negatively associated with the likelihood of the respondents to answer affirmatively to joining a HI scheme and to paying three different possible premiums, to join the HI scheme. We additionally analyze the individual and household characteristics associated with the maximum amount the household is willing to pay to join the HI scheme.
Results: The results indicate that the average WTP for the HI is 20,237.16 SLL (3.6 USD) per adult but it ranges from about 14,000 SLL (2.5 USD) to about 35,000 SLL (6.2 USD) depending on region, occupation, household and respondent characteristics. The analysis of the maximum WTP indicates that living outside the Western region and working in farming instead of petty trade are associated with a decrease in the maximum premium respondents are WTP for the HI scheme. Instead, the maximum WTP is positively associated to being a driver or a biker; having secondary or tertiary education (as opposed to not having any); the number of pregnant women in the household; having a TV; and, having paid for the last medical requirement.
Conclusions: In summary, the various analyses show that a premium for the HI package could be set at approximately 20,000 SLL (3.54 USD) but also that establishing a single premium for all individuals in the informal sector could be risky. The efficient functioning of a HI scheme relies on covering as much of the population as possible, in order to spread risks and make the scheme viable. The impact of the various population characteristics raises the issue of how to rate premiums. In other words, setting a premium that may be too high for a big proportion of the population could mean losing many potential enrollees and might have viability consequences for the operation of the scheme
Experimental Verification of Dielectric Models with a Capacitive Wheatstone Bridge Biosensor for Living Cells: E. coli
Dielectric spectroscopy; E. coli bacteria; Maxwell–Garnet modelEspectroscopia dieléctrica; Bacterias E. coli; Modelo Maxwell-Garnet;Espectroscòpia dielèctrica; Bacteris E. coli; Model Maxwell-GarnetDetection of bioparticles is of great importance in electrophoresis, identification of biomass sources, food and water safety, and other areas. It requires a proper model to describe bioparticles' electromagnetic characteristics. A numerical study of Escherichia coli bacteria during their functional activity was carried out by using two different geometrical models for the cells that considered the bacteria as layered ellipsoids and layered spheres. It was concluded that during cell duplication, the change in the dielectric permittivity of the cell is high enough to be measured at radio frequencies of the order of 50 kHz. An experimental setup based on the capacitive Wheatstone bridge was designed to measure relative changes in permittivity during cell division. In this way, the theoretical model was validated by measuring the dielectric permittivity changes in a cell culture of Escherichia coli ATTC 8739 from WDCM 00012 Vitroids. The spheroidal model was confirmed to be more accurate
100 MHz Amplitude and Polarization Modulated Optical Source for Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution at 850 nm
We report on an integrated photonic transmitter of up to 100 MHz repetition
rate, which emits pulses centered at 850 nm with arbitrary amplitude and
polarization. The source is suitable for free space quantum key distribution
applications. The whole transmitter, with the optical and electronic components
integrated, has reduced size and power consumption. In addition, the
optoelectronic components forming the transmitter can be space-qualified,
making it suitable for satellite and future space missions.Comment: 6 figures, 2 table
Experimental Demonstration of a Terahertz Frequency Reference based on Coherent Population Trapping
A novel protocol of interrogation based on coherent population trapping in an
N-level scheme atomic system leads to dark resonances involving three different
photons. An ensemble of several hundreds of radiofrequency-trapped ions is
probed by three lasers simultaneously locked onto the same optical frequency
comb, resulting in high-contrast spectral lines referenced to an atomic
transition in the THz domain. We discuss the cause of uncertainties and
limitations for this method and show that reaching a sub-kHz resolution is
experimentally accessible via this interrogation protocole
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