Morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Unidad de cuidados intensivos coronarios. Año 2004. Morbidity in Acute Myocardial Infarction in patients older than 60 years. Coronary Intensive Care Units- 2004

El Infarto Miocardio Agudo (IMA), se ha mantenido año tras año en la cumbre de las causas de muerte de los países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo, por lo anterior expuesto nos motivamos a realizar este trabajo para valorar la morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años en la Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios del Hospital Abel Santamaría en el año 2004. Para ello de un universo de 347 pacientes se tomó una muestra de 219 y se revisaron las historias clínicas donde las principales variables a medir fueron edad, sexo, cara del corazón afectada y las complicaciones más frecuentes, utilizando el método porcentual aritmético, concluyendo que la edad más frecuente osciló entre 60 y 65 años de edad, la cara del corazón afectada fue la anterior, el sexo el masculino y las complicaciones eléctricas fueron las más frecuentes. Palabras clave: INFARTO AGUDO DEL MIOCARDIO, MORBILIDAD ABSTRACT Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has maintained the pinnacle of the causes of death in developed and developing countries year after year, this was the motivation to conduct this research paper that was aimed at assessing the morbidity due to AMI in patients older than 60 years old in the Coronary Intensive Care Unit at “Abel Santamaria Cuadrado” University Hospital in 2004. The target group was comprised of 347 patients and the sample 219, clinical histories were examined and the main variables analyzed were age, sex, most affected face of the heart and frequent complications using arithmetic percentage methods. Conclusion: Ages most affected oscillated between 60 and 65, the affected face of the heart was the anterior, male sex prevailed and electric complications were the most frequent. Key words: Acute myocardial infarction/morbidit

Morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Unidad de cuidados intensivos coronarios. Año 2004. Morbidity in Acute Myocardial Infarction in patients older than 60 years. Coronary Intensive Care Units- 2004

El Infarto Miocardio Agudo (IMA), se ha mantenido año tras año en la cumbre de las causas de muerte de los países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo, por lo anterior expuesto nos motivamos a realizar este trabajo para valorar la morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años en la Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios del Hospital Abel Santamaría en el año 2004. Para ello de un universo de 347 pacientes se tomó una muestra de 219 y se revisaron las historias clínicas donde las principales variables a medir fueron edad, sexo, cara del corazón afectada y las complicaciones más frecuentes, utilizando el método porcentual aritmético, concluyendo que la edad más frecuente osciló entre 60 y 65 años de edad, la cara del corazón afectada fue la anterior, el sexo el masculino y las complicaciones eléctricas fueron las más frecuentes. Palabras clave: INFARTO AGUDO DEL MIOCARDIO, MORBILIDAD ABSTRACT Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has maintained the pinnacle of the causes of death in developed and developing countries year after year, this was the motivation to conduct this research paper that was aimed at assessing the morbidity due to AMI in patients older than 60 years old in the Coronary Intensive Care Unit at “Abel Santamaria Cuadrado” University Hospital in 2004. The target group was comprised of 347 patients and the sample 219, clinical histories were examined and the main variables analyzed were age, sex, most affected face of the heart and frequent complications using arithmetic percentage methods. Conclusion: Ages most affected oscillated between 60 and 65, the affected face of the heart was the anterior, male sex prevailed and electric complications were the most frequent. Key words: Acute myocardial infarction/morbidit

Strategies for the Use of Fallback Foods in Apes

Researchers have suggested that fallback foods (FBFs) shape primate food processing adaptations, whereas preferred foods drive harvesting adaptations, and that the dietary importance of FBFs is central in determining the expression of a variety of traits. We examine these hypotheses in extant apes. First, we compare the nature and dietary importance of FBFs used by each taxon. FBF importance appears greatest in gorillas, followed by chimpanzees and siamangs, and least in orangutans and gibbons (bonobos are difficult to place). Next, we compare 20 traits among taxa to assess whether the relative expression of traits expected for consumption of FBFs matches their observed dietary importance. Trait manifestation generally conforms to predictions based on dietary importance of FBFs. However, some departures from predictions exist, particularly for orang-utans, which express relatively more food harvesting and processing traits predicted for consuming large amounts of FBFs than expected based on observed dietary importance. This is probably due to the chemical, mechanical, and phenological properties of the apes’ main FBFs, in particular high importance of figs for chimpanzees and hylobatids, compared to use of bark and leaves—plus figs in at least some Sumatran populations—by orang-utans. This may have permitted more specialized harvesting adaptations in chimpanzees and hylobatids, and required enhanced processing adaptations in orang-utans. Possible intercontinental differences in the availability and quality of preferred and FBFs may also be important. Our analysis supports previous hypotheses suggesting a critical influence of the dietary importance and quality of FBFs on ape ecology and, consequently, evolution

The European project FLOMIX-R: Fluid mixing and flow distribution inthe reactor circuit - Final summary report

The project was aimed at describing the mixing phenomena relevant for both safety analysis, particularly in steam line break and boron dilution scenarios, and mixing phenomena of interest for economical operation and the structural integrity. Measurement data from a set of mixing experiments, gained by using advanced measurement techniques with enhanced resolution in time and space help to improve the basic understanding of turbulent mixing and to provide data for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code validation. Slug mixing tests simulating the start-up of the first main circulation pump are performed with two 1:5 scaled facilities: The Rossendorf coolant mixing model ROCOM and the VATTENFALL test facility, modelling a German Konvoi type and a Westinghouse type three-loop PWR, respectively. Additional data on slug mixing in a VVER-1000 type reactor gained at a 1:5 scaled metal mock-up at EDO Gidropress are provided. Experimental results on mixing of fluids with density differences obtained at ROCOM and the FORTUM PTS test facility are made available. Concerning mixing phenomena of interest for operational issues and thermal fatigue, flow distribution data available from commissioning tests (Sizewell-B for PWRs, Loviisa and Paks for VVERs) are used together with the data from the ROCOM facility as a basis for the flow distribution studies. The test matrix on flow distribution and steady state mixing performed at ROCOM comprises experiments with various combinations of running pumps and various mass flow rates in the working loops. Computational fluid dynamics calculations are accomplished for selected experiments with two different CFD codes (CFX-5, FLUENT). Best practice guidelines (BPG) are applied in all CFD work when choosing computational grid, time step, turbulence models, modelling of internal geometry, boundary conditions, numerical schemes and convergence criteria. The BPG contain a set of systematic procedures for quantifying and reducing numerical errors. The knowledge of these numerical errors is a prerequisite for the proper judgement of model errors. The strategy of code validation based on the BPG and a matrix of CFD code validation calculations have been elaborated. Besides of the benchmark cases, additional experiments were calculated by new partners and observers, joining the project later. Based on the "best practice solutions", conclusions on the applicability of CFD for turbulent mixing problems in PWR were drawn and recommendations on CFD modelling were given. The high importance of proper grid generation was outlined. In general, second order discretization schemes should be used to minimise numerical diffusion. First order schemes can provide physically wrong results. With optimised "production meshes" reasonable results were obtained, but due to the complex geometry of the flow domains, no fully grid independent solutions were achieved. Therefore, with respect to turbulence models, no final conclusions can be given. However, first order turbulence models like K-e or SST K-w are suitable for momentum driven slug mixing. For buoyancy driven mixing (PTS scenarios), Reynolds stress models provide better results

Disparities and risks of sexually transmissible infections among men who have sex with men in China: a meta-analysis and data synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Hepatitis B and C virus, are emerging public health risks in China, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to assess the magnitude and risks of STIs among Chinese MSM. METHODS: Chinese and English peer-reviewed articles were searched in five electronic databases from January 2000 to February 2013. Pooled prevalence estimates for each STI infection were calculated using meta-analysis. Infection risks of STIs in MSM, HIV-positive MSM and male sex workers (MSW) were obtained. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. RESULTS: Eighty-eight articles (11 in English and 77 in Chinese) investigating 35,203 MSM in 28 provinces were included in this review. The prevalence levels of STIs among MSM were 6.3% (95% CI: 3.5-11.0%) for chlamydia, 1.5% (0.7-2.9%) for genital wart, 1.9% (1.3-2.7%) for gonorrhoea, 8.9% (7.8-10.2%) for hepatitis B (HBV), 1.2% (1.0-1.6%) for hepatitis C (HCV), 66.3% (57.4-74.1%) for human papillomavirus (HPV), 10.6% (6.2-17.6%) for herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) and 4.3% (3.2-5.8%) for Ureaplasma urealyticum. HIV-positive MSM have consistently higher odds of all these infections than the broader MSM population. As a subgroup of MSM, MSW were 2.5 (1.4-4.7), 5.7 (2.7-12.3), and 2.2 (1.4-3.7) times more likely to be infected with chlamydia, gonorrhoea and HCV than the broader MSM population, respectively. CONCLUSION: Prevalence levels of STIs among MSW were significantly higher than the broader MSM population. Co-infection of HIV and STIs were prevalent among Chinese MSM. Integration of HIV and STIs healthcare and surveillance systems is essential in providing effective HIV/STIs preventive measures and treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO NO: CRD42013003721