3,116 research outputs found
Possibility Semantics for Intuitionistic Logic
The paper investigates interpretations of propositional and first-order logic in which validity is defined in terms of partial indices; sometimes called possibilities but here understood as non-empty subsets of a set W of possible worlds. Truth at a set of worlds is understood to be truth at every world in the set. If all subsets of W are permitted the logic so determined is classical first-order predicate logic. Restricting allowable subsets and then imposing certain closure conditions provides a modelling for intuitionistic predicate logic. The same semantic interpretation rules are used in both logics for all the operators
Cosmic microwave background multipole alignments in slab topologies
Several analyses of the microwave sky maps from the Wilkinson Microwave
Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) have drawn attention to alignments amongst the
low-order multipoles. Amongst the various possible explanations, an effect of
cosmic topology has been invoked by several authors. We focus on an alignment
of the first four multipoles (\ell = 2 to 5) found by Land and Magueijo (2005),
and investigate the distribution of their alignment statistic for a set of
simulated cosmic microwave background maps for cosmologies with slab-like
topology. We find that this topology does offer a modest increase in the
probability of the observed value, but that even for the smallest topology
considered the probability of the observed value remains below one percent.Comment: 6 pages RevTex with 6 figures included. Minor changes to match
version accepted as Physical Review D Rapid Communicatio
Possibility Semantics for Intuitionistic Logic
The paper investigates interpretations of propositional and first-order logic in which validity is defined in terms of partial indices; sometimes called possibilities but here understood as non-empty subsets of a set W of possible worlds. Truth at a set of worlds is understood to be truth at every world in the set. If all subsets of W are permitted the logic so determined is classical first-order predicate logic. Restricting allowable subsets and then imposing certain closure conditions provides a modelling for intuitionistic predicate logic. The same semantic interpretation rules are used in both logics for all the operators
Safety, the Preface Paradox and Possible Worlds Semantics
This paper contains an argument to the effect that possible worlds semantics renders
semantic knowledge impossible, no matter what ontological interpretation is given
to possible worlds. The essential contention made is that possible worlds semantic
knowledge is unsafe and this is shown by a parallel with the preface paradox
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Nanoindentation Of Si Nanostructures: Buckling And Friction At Nanoscales
A nanoindentation system was employed to characterize mechanical properties of silicon nanolines (SiNLs), which were fabricated by an anisotropic wet etching (AWE) process. The SiNLs had the linewidth ranging from 24 nm to 90 nm, having smooth and vertical sidewalls and the aspect ratio (height/linewidth) from 7 to 18. During indentation, a buckling instability was observed at a critical load, followed by a displacement burst without a load increase, then a full recovery of displacement upon unloading. This phenomenon was explained by two bucking modes. It was also found that the difference in friction at the contact between the indenter and SiNLs directly affected buckling response of these nanolines. The friction coefficient was estimated to be in a range of 0.02 to 0.05. For experiments with large indentation displacements, irrecoverable indentation displacements were observed due to fracture of Si nanolines, with the strain to failure estimated to be from 3.8% to 9.7%. These observations indicated that the buckling behavior of SiNLs depended on the combined effects of load, line geometry, and the friction at contact. This study demonstrated a valuable approach to fabrication of well-defined Si nanoline structures and the application of the nanoindentation method for investigation of their mechanical properties at the nanoscale.Microelectronics Research Cente
Exploring the association between welfare state and mental wellbeing in Europe: does age matter?
Previous research reports show mixed results regarding the age gradient in population mental wellbeing, which may be linked to the role that welfare states play. In this study, we investigate whether an age gradient exists in relation to the association between welfare state and mental wellbeing within the adult population in Europe. We combine individual level data from Round 6 of the European Social Survey and country level data on welfare state and use multilevel regression analyses to explore population mental wellbeing. Subjective and psychological wellbeing dimensions were analyzed, and different approaches to measuring welfare state were explored, including a regime typology and composite welfare state measures constructed on the basis of a set of eight individual indicators. We found the age gradient for mental wellbeing to differ between welfare states, with the positive impact of the welfare state increasing with age. A universal and generous welfare state seems to be particularly important for older adults, who are also more likely to be in higher need of transfers and services provided by the welfare state
Superenergy and Supermomentum of Goedel Universes
We review the canonical superenergy tensor and the canonical angular
supermomentum tensors in general relativity and calculate them for space-time
homogeneous G\"odel universes to show that both of these tensors do not, in
general, vanish. We consider both an original dust-filled pressureless acausal
G\"odel model of 1949 and a scalar-field-filled causal G\"odel model of Rebou\c
cas and Tiomno. For the acausal model, the non-vanishing components of
superenergy of matter are different from those of gravitation. The angular
supermomentum tensors of matter and gravitation do not vanish either which
simply reflects the fact that G\"odel universe rotates. However, the axial
(totally antisymmetric) and vectorial parts of supermomentum tensors vanish. It
is interesting that superenergetic quantities are {\it sensitive} to causality
in a way that superenergy density of gravitation in the acausal
model is {\it positive}, while superenergy density in the causal
model is {\it negative}. That means superenergetic quantities might serve as
criterion of causality in cosmology and prove useful.Comment: an amended version, REVTEX, 26 pages, no figures, to appear in
Classical and Quantum Gravit
Psychopolitics: Peter Sedgwick’s legacy for mental health movements
This paper re-considers the relevance of Peter Sedgwick's Psychopolitics (1982) for a politics of mental health. Psychopolitics offered an indictment of ‘anti-psychiatry’ the failure of which, Sedgwick argued, lay in its deconstruction of the category of ‘mental illness’, a gesture that resulted in a politics of nihilism. ‘The radical who is only a radical nihilist’, Sedgwick observed, ‘is for all practical purposes the most adamant of conservatives’. Sedgwick argued, rather, that the concept of ‘mental illness’ could be a truly critical concept if it was deployed ‘to make demands upon the health service facilities of the society in which we live’. The paper contextualizes Psychopolitics within the ‘crisis tendencies’ of its time, surveying the shifting welfare landscape of the subsequent 25 years alongside Sedgwick's continuing relevance. It considers the dilemma that the discourse of ‘mental illness’ – Sedgwick's critical concept – has fallen out of favour with radical mental health movements yet remains paradigmatic within psychiatry itself. Finally, the paper endorses a contemporary perspective that, while necessarily updating Psychopolitics, remains nonetheless ‘Sedgwickian’
Investigating and learning lessons from early experiences of implementing ePrescribing systems into NHS hospitals:a questionnaire study
Background: ePrescribing systems have significant potential to improve the safety and efficiency of healthcare, but they need to be carefully selected and implemented to maximise benefits. Implementations in English hospitals are in the early stages and there is a lack of standards guiding the procurement, functional specifications, and expected benefits. We sought to provide an updated overview of the current picture in relation to implementation of ePrescribing systems, explore existing strategies, and identify early lessons learned.Methods: a descriptive questionnaire-based study, which included closed and free text questions and involved both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data generated.Results: we obtained responses from 85 of 108 NHS staff (78.7% response rate). At least 6% (n = 10) of the 168 English NHS Trusts have already implemented ePrescribing systems, 2% (n = 4) have no plans of implementing, and 34% (n = 55) are planning to implement with intended rapid implementation timelines driven by high expectations surrounding improved safety and efficiency of care. The majority are unclear as to which system to choose, but integration with existing systems and sophisticated decision support functionality are important decisive factors. Participants highlighted the need for increased guidance in relation to implementation strategy, system choice and standards, as well as the need for top-level management support to adequately resource the project. Although some early benefits were reported by hospitals that had already implemented, the hoped for benefits relating to improved efficiency and cost-savings remain elusive due to a lack of system maturity.Conclusions: whilst few have begun implementation, there is considerable interest in ePrescribing systems with ambitious timelines amongst those hospitals that are planning implementations. In order to ensure maximum chances of realising benefits, there is a need for increased guidance in relation to implementation strategy, system choice and standards, as well as increased financial resources to fund local activitie
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