ULAZAK POLJOPRIVREDE I PREHRAMBENOG SEKTORA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE U SVJETSKU TRGOVINSKU ORGANIZACIJU: ISKUSTVA SLOVENIJE I HRVATSKE

Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has an observer status in World Trade Organisation (WTO) with an expectation to become a member of this organisation under a developing country’s status. B&H has experienced a large deficit in trade in agri-food products. Domestic agriculture and the food sector have experienced diffi culties to cope with the increased competition at international and domestic markets. Under the deteriorating agri-food trade patterns, there are growing political pressures by agricultural interest groups against agricultural and food trade liberalisation. This causes confl ict of interests in a strategy for completion of the negotiation process with WTO. As some countries in the region already successfully completed the entry into WTO (e.g. Croatia) or both the entry into WTO and into EU (e.g. Slovenia), we underline these two country experiences. The paper draws attention to opportunities in this B&H path to WTO on a way to EU membership.Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) ima promatrački status u Svjetskoj trgovinskoj organizaciji (STO) sa očekivanjem da postane njen član kao zemlja u razvoju. BiH doživljava veliki trgovinski defi cit u poljoprivredno-prehrambenim proizvodima. Domaća poljoprivreda i prerada imaju poteškoče da se suprostave povećanoj konkurenciji na međunarodnim i na domaćim tržištima. Neugodna kretanja u poljoprivredno-prehrambenoj trgovini vode do političkih pritisaka poljoprivrednih-interesnih grupa protiv liberalizacije trgovine u poljoprivredno-prehrambenim proizvodima što stvara konflikt interesa u strategiji da se završe pregovori oko ulazka BiH u STO. Pojedine zemlje u regiji su već uspješno završile ulazak u STO (na primjer Hrvatska) ili su već članice STO i EU (na primjer Slovenija) koje mugu poslužiti kao pozitivno iskustvo. Članak posebnu pozornust posvećuje mogućnostima u BiH u odnosu do STO na putu u članstvu u EU

From Bio-waste to Bone Substitute: Synthesis of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite and Its Use in Chitosan-based Composite Scaffold Preparation

Nanocomposite structure of the bone can be mimicked by chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HAp) composite scaffold. Biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) contains various ions, which have a crucial role in bone growth. The aim of the present work was to synthesize biomimetic hydroxyapatite and prepare composite scaffolds based on chitosan, where HAp was synthesised from hen eggshells, seashells and cuttlefish bone. The powders were composed of nano-structured calcium deficient HAp and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). In the as-prepared powders, Sr2+, Mg2+ and Na+ ions were detected as a result of using biogenic precursor of Ca2+ ions. Highly porous CS/HAp structures have been prepared by freeze-gelation technique. The CS/HAp scaffolds have shown highly porous structure with very well interconnected pores and homogeneously dispersed HAp particles. The MTT assay of CS/HAp scaffolds has shown no toxicity, and the live/dead assay has confirmed good viability and proliferation of seeded cells. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Analiza bronce voltametrijom mikrokristala i tankoslojnom kromatografijom

Corrosion potentials of five samples of bronzes having different compositions and the stripping peak potentials of their main components were determined by abrasive stripping voltammetry. Using thin-layer chromatography in combination with electrochemical dissolution of bronzes in the two electrode sampler, the ions of tin, copper, lead and nickel were detected as the products of electro-oxidation of bronzes. It is shown that the dissolution of tin is preferential at low potential differences between the electrodes in the sampler, while the electro-oxidation of copper is significant only at a potential difference higher than 8 V.Određeni su korozijski potencijali pet uzoraka bronci različitoga sastava i potencijali oksidacije njihovih glavnih sastojaka. Kromatografskom je analizom dokazano da su produkti elektrokemijske oksidacije bronce ioni kositra, bakra, olova i nikla. Pokazano je da se kod malog napona u dvoelektrodnoj elektrokemijskoj ćeliji pretežito oksidira kositar, dok se bakar znatnije oksidira tek kod napona većih od 8 V

Status and function of vitamin D and C-alpha epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in mothers with and without preeclampsia and their infants.

Vitamin D je od izuzetne važnosti u trudnoći pre svega za normalan rast kostiju i za celokupan razvoj bebe. Pokazano je međutim da 40-80 % trudnica ima nizak nivo (< 20 ng/ml) 25-hidroksivitamina D (25(OH)D) u serumu kao i da nizak nivo vitamina D u trudnoći povećava rizik za pojavu preeklampsije (PE) i prevremenih porođaja. U Srbiji, gde hrana nije obogaćena vitaminom D, stopa preeklampsije je veća u zimskom periodu. Odgovor na suplemenatciju vitaminom D dodatno se usložnjava prisustvom C-3α- epimera 25(OH)D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3), čiji udeo u ukupnom nivou 25(OH)D u krvi može biti i do 60 % kod beba, a do 17 % kod odraslih. Prisustvo 3-epi-25(OH)D3 u krvi pupčane vrpce ukazuje da postoji prenos sa majke na novorođenče. Međutim, i dalje je nepoznato koja je uloga povišenog nivoa 3-epi-25(OH)D3 kod novorođenčadi, kako se nivo menja tokom prvih nedelja života novorođenčadi kao i kakav efekat 3-epi-25(OH)D3 ima na rast kostiju beba rođenih iz fizioloških trudnoća u odnosu na trudnoće sa komplikacijama kao što je preeklampsija. Stoga su ciljevi ove teze: 1) validacija upitnika o učestalosti konzumiranja namirnica (WRH-FFQ) koji bi omogućio procenu unosa vitamina D kod mladih žena u reproduktivnom dobu u Srbiji; 2) sagledavanje povezanosti niskog unosa i statusa vitamina D sa pojavom preeklampsije, kao i određivanje udela 3-epi-25(OH)D3 u ukupnom sadržaju 25(OH)D3 u odnosu na zdravstvene ishode majki i novorođenčadi; 3) određivanje nivoa 3-epi-25(OH)D3 tokom prvih nedelja života novorođenčadi i sagledavanje njegovog efekta na rast kostiju beba rođenih iz fizioloških trudnoća u odnosu na trudnoće sa komplikacijama kao što je preeklampsija; i 4) ispitivanje biološkog odgovora kostiju na izloženost endogenom i egzogenom izvoru 3-epi-25(OH)D3 na animalnom modelu. Studija validacije upitnika WRH-FFQ za procenu unosa vitamina D kod mladih žena u reproduktivnom dobu u Srbiji izvedena je od novembra do aprila, kada je smanjeno UVB zračenje. Upitnik WRH-FFQ adekvatno su popunile 422 žene od kojih su nasumično odabrane 44 žene uključene u dalji proces validacije, koji je obuhvatao tri vremenski odvojena popunjavanja anketa dvadesetčetvoročasovne ishrane (24h-AI), antropometrijsko merenje i uzorkovanje krvi...Vitamin D exposure during pregnancy is important for skeletal growth and development in the offspring. However, 40-80% of expecting mothers have low (< 20 ng/ml) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level . A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that low vitamin D status in pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia (PE) and preterm birth. In Serbia where there is no mandatory vitamin D food fortification policy, rates of PE are higher in winter. Response to vitamin D supplementation is complicated by the presence of C-3α epimer of 25(OH)D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3) representing up to 60% of total 25(OH)D in infants and 17% in adults, raising questions regarding its biological derivation and function. The presence of cord 3-epi-25(OH)D3 suggests maternal-fetal transfer. However, it is still unknown whether 3-epi-25(OH)D3 increases in the first few weeks after birth and how it effects bone mineral accretion in infants of healthy and complicated pregnancies. Therefore, sequential objectives of this thesis are to: 1) validate a food frequency questionnaire (WRH-FFQ) for assessing vitamin D intake in young women of reproductive age in Serbia; 2) determine if low vitamin D intake and status is associated with PE in Serbia; and describe the proportion of total 25(OH)D in the 3-epi-25(OH)D3 form in relation to maternal and neonatal outcomes; 3) establish if 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in preterm and term infants of mothers with and without PE is predictive of bone mass at term age using a nested case vs. control design; and 4) test the biological response of bone to endogenous and exogenous 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in an animal model. The Women and Reproductive Health FFQ (WRH-FFQ) was completed by 422 women. A cross-sectional study, was conducted from November to April when UVB in Serbia is minimal. On a representative sub-sample (n=44) three 24 hour dietary recalls and anthropometric parameters were collected. Fasting blood samples for vitamin D biomarkers analyses were available for 23 women..

TRAJNA ZAŠTITA ISTARSKOG GOVEDA GOSPODARSKIM KORIŠTENJEM

Istrian cattle is the most numerous autochtonous breed of cattle in Croatia. It represents a vivid monument of time and climate, well provided together by breeders and wider community for allmoust two decades. Negative movements in the population of Istrian cattle caused by global trends in animal production of economically developed societies has been stoped. Actual population of of Istrian cattle is in the phase of recovery and mild stagnation. Reduced further growth of population is conditioned by the lack of verified economic reafirmation which needs to conect interests between breeders and consumers, ensuring in that way the sustainability of the breed. The project of reafirmation of the Istrian cattle, allready underway, through the production programme of "Meat of Istrian cattle" has initialized the consensus of all subjects in the sequence of the food-stuff (breeding, processing, gastronomy) and it gives first positive results.Istarsko govedo najbrojnija je autohtona pasmina goveda u Hrvatskoj. Predstavlja živi spomenik vremena i podneblja o kojem gotovo dva desetljeća brinu vrijedni uzgajivači i šira društvena zajednica. Zaustavljena su negativna kretanja u populaciji istarskog goveda izazvana globalnim trendovima u animalnoj proizvodnji gospodarski razvijenijih društava, a aktualna populacija nalazi se u fazi oporavka i blage stagnacije. Usporavanje daljnjeg rasta populacije uvjetovano je izostankom provjerene gospodarske reafirmacije koja treba interesno povezati uzgajivače i potrošače, osiguravajući time samoodrživost pasmine. Pokrenuti projekt reafirmacije istarskog goveda kroz program proizvodnje \u27\u27Mesa istarskog goveda\u27\u27 potakao je konsenzus svih subjekata u slijedu namirnice (uzgoj, procesing, gastronomija), te daje prve pozitivne učinke

ENTRY OF THE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SECTOR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA INTO WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION: THE EXPERIENCE FROM SLOVENIA AND CROATIA

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has an observer status in World Trade Organisation (WTO) with an expectation to become a member of this organisation under a developing country’s status. BiH has experienced a large deficit in trade in agri-food products. Domestic agriculture and the food sector have experienced diffi culties to cope with the increased competition at international and domestic markets. Under the deteriorating agri-food trade patterns, there are growing political pressures by agricultural interest groups against agricultural and food trade liberalisation. This causes confl ict of interests in a strategy for completion of the negotiation process with WTO. As some countries in the region already successfully completed the entry into WTO (e.g. Croatia) or both the entry into WTO and into EU (e.g. Slovenia), we underline these two country experiences. The paper draws attention to opportunities in this BiH path to WTO on a way to EU membership