Global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy in multipartite two-level atomic systems

We have computed the global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy of multipartite two-level atomic systems interacting with a single-mode Fock field. We use Tavis-Cumming model. We have explored how quantum correlations and quantum entanglement evolve with time in such systems. The quantum system is prepared initially in a mixed state and different parameters are varied to see how they affect the information processing in the system. The dynamical character of the global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy show an interplay between classical and non-classical correlations. Photons in this model play an important role to assist the global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy and we observed that the effects of the field on the global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy reside in the time evolution of the system indicating that both atom and field states have become entangled. The global quantum discord is assisted in a non-linear fashion with the number of photons in the system. The global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy show linear behavior with each other in the dynamics of the system. The effects of intrinsic decoherence on the dynamics of the global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy are also studied. We have extrapolated the results for a large photon number on the system. We have studied the effect of the change in the size of the system on the maximum value of global quantum discord and von Neumann entropy and we have estimated the scaling coefficients for this behavior

Citrus Tristeza Virus: An Increasing Trend in the Virus Occurrence and Distribution in Citrus Fruits of Northwest, Pakistan

Citrus tristeza clostervirus (CTV) is one of the most damaging fruit viruses playing havoc in citrus orchards around the world. Here, we report, an ELISA-based indexing of citrus trees over a period of eight years (2002 to 2010) in Northwest Pakistan, revealing that the incidence of CTV is increasing mainly with the distribution of infected rootstocks, putting citrus industry at the verge of complete annihilation. The surveys revealed that the average incidence of CTV in 10 major citrus growing districts in the Northwest of Pakistan has steadily increased from 24% (in 2002) to 31, 35, 39 and 44 in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, respectively. Maximum per cent increase of CTV was in citrus orchards in district Haripur, that is, 27.50% and followed by 26% increase of the virus incidence in district Swat during 2002 to 2010. The incidence of the virus was correlated with use of sour orange as root stock with rough lemon. In orchards, where rough lemon was used as root stock; the incidence of CTV was comparatively low. A comparative study of the virus incidence conducted during 2006 to 2012 in sweet orange trees grafted on sour orange and rough lemon in Northwest indicated an average per cent incidence 43 and 37, respectively. This is the first comprehensive study on citrus fruits to determine an increasing trend of CTV in Northwest of Pakistan where citrus industry has been a major source of income for local farmers. An extensive rescue plan needs to be placed to avoid complete destruction of this exportbased industry.Keywords: Citrus, Tristeza, Citrus Tristeza Clostervirus (CTV), ELISA, Incidence, Pakista

COVID-19 Crowd Detection

Object detection was introduced by researchers for face detection. Researchers explain how the detected face is divided into minor frames to be recognized by the algorithm. Due to COVID-19 and government regulations, many people face problems going to shopping centers and shop safely. It has been very hard for both the government and the people to manage social distancing. In our study, we developed a system using Raspberry Pi-4 that will detect the distance between people along with counting the number of distance and mask violations. An error message will appear on the screen in red, showing the total number of distance and mask violations, which could later be used by the customer as statistical evidence for better safety precautions

Industry 4.0 or Pharma 4.0?

This chapter examines the convergence of Industry 4.0 and Pharma 4.0 in the context of healthcare supply chains. It investigates the potential applications of these industrial revolutions to enhance the flexibility, benefits, challenges, and opportunities of healthcare supply chains. This chapter highlights the application of state-of-the-art technology to create intelligent, adaptable, and personalized supply chain systems for the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors. The literature on “Pharma Industry 4.0” is reviewed, with a focus on the opportunities for sustainable value creation and pharmaceutical supply chain research. Healthcare supply chain has some serious issues like counterfeit drugs, non-transparent supply chain, unfear track and trace system of medicines and biomedical instruments. The authors identified the potential solutions for these issues with the help of current innovative technologies and practices

The correlated bivariate noncentral F distribution and its application

This paper proposes the singly and doubly correlated bivariate noncentral F (BNCF) distributions. The probability density function (pdf) and the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the distributions are derived for arbitrary values of the parameters. The pdf and cdf of the distributions for different arbitrary values of the parameters are computed, and their graphs are plotted by writing and implementing new R codes. An application of the correlated BNCF distribution is illustrated in the computations of the power function of the pretest test for the multivariate simple regression model (MSRM)

Nitrogen-Efficient and Nitrogen-Inefficient Indian Mustard Showed Differential Expression Pattern of Proteins in Response to Elevated CO2 and Low Nitrogen

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are two essential elements that influence plant growth and development. The C and N metabolic pathways influence each other to affect gene expression, but little is known about which genes are regulated by interaction between C and N or the mechanisms by which the pathways interact. In the present investigation, proteome analysis of N-efficient and N-inefficient Indian mustard, grown under varied combinations of low-N, sufficient-N, ambient [CO2] and elevated [CO2] was carried out to identify proteins and the encoding genes of the interactions between C and N. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) revealed 158 candidate protein spots. Among these, 72 spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). The identified proteins are related to various molecular processes including photosynthesis, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport and degradation, signal transduction, nitrogen metabolism and defense to oxidative, water and heat stresses. Identification of proteins like PII-like protein, cyclophilin, elongation factor-TU, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein and rubisco activase offers a peculiar overview of changes elicited by elevated [CO2], providing clues about how N-efficient cultivar of Indian mustard adapt to low N supply under elevated [CO2] conditions. This study provides new insights and novel information for a better understanding of adaptive responses to elevated [CO2] under N deficiency in Indian mustard

Social media usage in academic research

Recently researchers have used “conversation prism” and “social media prisma”, to consolidate social medias with respect to their use. Although both identified 25 types, having average five examples each, they did not identify contribution of each type in academic research. Moreover some of mentioned social services had been suspended or changed. In this paper we attempt to access each social media mentioned in conversation prism in order to first, identify services that are operational to date, services which have suspended and those which have changed during course of time. Second, we compare number of publications associated with each social media, in order to identify which social media has contributed most to academic research. Third, we attempt to find correlation between number of publications and development tools provided by respective social applications. Fourth, social medias are ranked with respect to number of times other social medias share content with respective social application. It was found that out of 168 social applications, 10% changed their service objective while 13% were suspended. Among all social application, AMAZON had highest i.e. 147,000 number of citations on Google scholar whereas 90.7% of total citations were contributed by top 30 social medias. For developers, 22 out of top 30 social medias provided developer options in form of either application programming interface (API) or software development kits (SDK) and Facebook was found to be most cross referred social media based on content sharing. Finally conclusion and future work of study is presented