Les Accidents Sur les Sites d’Orpaillage Traditionnel : Un Danger Pour la Vision au Niger

Nous avons colligé sur 18 mois 36 yeux ayant été victimes de traumatisme chez les orpailleurs clandestins du Niger. Les atteintes étaient bilatérales dans tous les cas mais volontiers asymétriques et touchent une ou plusieurs structures de l’œil et ses annexes, la présence des corps étrangers multiple était vus dans tous les yeux, nous avons retrouvé 9 cas d’éclatement du globe ayant nécessité une éviscération d’emblée. Il y avaient des lésions d’autres systèmes qui étaient dans 55% maxillo-faciales et dans 27% des fractures de membres. Le pronostic visuel était mauvais dans 94,43% des cas. Le manque d’infrastructures d’exploitation adéquates, la mauvaise manipulation des explosifs artisanaux sont à l’origine des accidents responsables de ces traumatismes. L’absence de structures de premiers soins, le manque de moyens de déplacement compliquent d’avantage les cas graves. Une formation substantielle en matière de santé et de sécurité est à envisager de même que des apprentissages pour aider les travailleurs à comprendre les dangers et les moyens de réduire les risques auxquels ils sont exposés.   Over 18 months, we collected 36 eyes that were victims of trauma among niger illegal gold panners. The lesions were bilateral in all cases but willingly asymmetrical and affect one or more structures of the eye and its adnnexias. The presence of multiple foreign bodies was seen in all eyes, we found 9 cases of bursting of the globe requiring immediate evisceration. Other systems were also affected in 55% maxillofacial and in 27% limb fractures. The visual prognosis was poor in 94.43% of the cases. The lack of adequate operating infrastructure and the improper handling of homemade explosives are at the origin of the accidents responsible for these traumas. The absence of first aid structures and the lack of means of transportation further complicate serious cases. Substantial health and safety training should be considered, as well as apprenticeship to help workers understand the dangers and how to reduce the risks to which they are exposed

Orbital Myositis with Sudden Visual Loss: A Case Study in Niamey, Niger

This paper focuses on presenting a case study of three cases of orbital myositis in one male and two female adult patients. All patients presented sudden loss of vision and proptosis at the initial stage. Ophthalmological examination outlined optic nerve atrophie. The diagnosis of all cases was confirmed with a CT scan which showed specific muscle inflammation. The treatment was successfully carried out using bolus doses of corticosteroids relayed with oral prednisolone for over 6 weeks. Six (6) months follow-up, however, did not show any relapse in all the cases

Aspects Épidémiologiques, Cliniques et Thérapeutiques des Tumeurs de la Parotide

Introduction: Les pathologies des glandes salivaires sont relativement rares, dominées par les tumeurs de la glande parotide. Elles sont caractérisées par leur polymorphisme clinique et leur grande diversité morpho-histologique. Le traitement est surtout chirurgical, la complication majeure de cette chirurgie reste la paralysie faciale pouvant être transitoire ou permanente. Dans ce sens, l’objectif de ce travail était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et thérapeutiques des tumeurs parotidiennes rencontrées dans le service de l’odontostomatologie de l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN) durant la période de l’étude. Méthodologie: Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur les tumeurs parotidiennes rencontrées au service d’odontostomatologie de l’Hôpital National de Niamey au Niger. Par ailleurs, la tumeur était homogène dans 2 cas sur 4 et bénigne également une fois sur 2. Résultats: 12 patients ont été colligés sur une période de 29 mois. La prévalence hospitalière était de 0,11% avec 4,97 cas par an. La tranche d’âge allait de 9 à 75 ans. Il y avait 8 hommes contre 4 femmes. La malignité a été suspectée cliniquement devant une masse dure, fixe, douloureuse avec présence d’adénopathies satellites et associée à une paralysie faciale. La parotidectomie totale conservatrice du nerf facial a été réalisée chez 10 patients sur 12 et la chimiothérapie a été préconisée chez 2 patients. L’examen ophtalmologique a été réalisé chez tous les patients à la recherche d’une atteinte oculaire ou de la glande lacrymale. L’histologie a été contributive dans tous les cas et les tumeurs bénignes dominaient dans 50% des cas avec comme chef de fil l’adénome pléomorphe. Conclusion: Les tumeurs de la glande parotide sont rares et leur prise en charge thérapeutique est essentiellement chirurgicale. Leur évolution est en général favorable. Néanmoins, l’accent devra être mis sur la surveillance à long terme de certaines formes histologiques dont le risque de dégénérescence et de récidive est élevé.  Introduction: Pathologies of the salivary glands are relatively rare and are dominated by tumors of the parotid gland. They are characterized by their clinical polymorphism and their great morpho-histological diversity. The treatment is mainly surgical. The major complication of this surgery is facial paralysis which can be transient or permanent. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic aspects of parotid tumors encountered in the odontostomatology department of Niamey National Hospital during the study period. Methodology: This study is a retrospective and descriptive study on parotid tumors encountered in the odontostomatology department of the Niamey National Hospital in Niger. In addition, the tumor was homogeneous in 2 out of 4 cases and also benign once in 2. Results: 12 patients were collected over a period of 29 months. The hospital prevalence was 0.11% with 4.97 cases per year. The age range was from 9 to 75 years old. There were 8 men against 4 women. The malignancy was suspected clinically before a hard, fixed, and painful mass with the presence of satellite lymphadenopathy which is associated with facial paralysis. Total conservative facial nerve parotidectomy was performed in 10 out of 12 patients, and chemotherapy was recommended in 2 patients. The ophthalmic examination was performed in all patients looking for damage to the eyes or the lacrimal gland. Histology was contributory in all cases and benign tumors dominated in 50% of cases with pleomorphic adenoma as the lead. Conclusion: Tumors of the parotid gland are rare and their therapeutic management is essentially surgical. Their development is generally favorable. However, emphasis should be placed on the long-term monitoring of certain histological forms for which the risk of degeneration and recurrence is high.&nbsp

One-step generation of high-quality squeezed and EPR states in cavity QED

We show how to generate bilinear (quadratic) Hamiltonians in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) through the interaction of a single driven three-level atom with two (one) cavity modes. With this scheme it is possible to generate one-mode mesoscopic squeezed superpositions, two-mode entanglements, and two-mode squeezed vacuum states (such the original EPR state), without the need for Ramsey zones and external parametric amplification. The degree of squeezing achieved is up to 99% with currently feasible experimental parameters and the errors due to dissipative mechanisms become practically negligible

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into diferent pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, tt¯, and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and τ τ ) are included in this kind of combination for the frst time. A simplifed model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confdence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Magnetic and electric properties of La_1-δMnO₃

The magnetic phase diagram of $La_{1-\delta}MnO_{3}$ powdered samples have been studied as a function of $\delta$ in the low doping range. $La_{0.97}MnO_{3}$ has a canted magnetic structure at low temperature (\theta \simeq 130\QTR{group}{{}^{\circ}}). Above $T_{C}=118K$, it becomes a paramagnet with a huge effective magnetic moment, $\mu_{eff}=6.0\mu_{B}$, reflecting the presence of magnetoelastic polarons which are not affected by the magnetic field (up to 20T) nor the temperature $(1.2T_{C}<T<2.5T_{C})$. When $\delta$ is increased to $\delta =0.07$, polarons are still presen at high temperature, with a smaller size: $\mu_{eff}=5.8\mu_{B}$. The system becomes fully ferromagnetic below 170K but remains insulating down to the lowest temperature.Comment: 8pages; 6 figures as EPS files adde