Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of AmpC and ESBLs producing clinical isolates at a tertiary health care center in Kano, north-west Nigeria

The increase in production of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) and Amp C beta lactamase among clinical isolates in our hospitals is of utmost importance. Failure to detect these enzymes in many of our hospitals has greatly led to treatment failure and uncontrolled spread of multi drug resistant pathogens. It was for this purpose that the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence, distribution and susceptibility pattern of Gram negative bacteria producing ESBLs and Amp C beta lactamases in the largest tertiary health care provider in Kano, North-West Nigeria. A total of 75 ESBL and 10 AmpC producing bacteria were involved in the study which were obtained from a study involving 500 Gram negative clinical bacterial isolates from various hospital wards over a period of 9 months from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria. Isolates were screened for ESBLs and AmpC using Double Disc Diffusion Method and Amp C Disc test respectively. All confirmed ESBL and Amp C producing isolates were tested for susceptibility to sixteen (16) different antibiotics by the Disc Diffusion Method (DDM). The prevalence of ESBLs was high in Shigella spp. (1/2 or 50%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (10/50 or /20%), and E. coli (47/247 or 19.3%) while Amp C producers were detected more in Klebsiella pneumoniae (4%) and E. coli (2.8%). Of the specimens screened, distribution varies between ESBL and AmpC producers, but more prevalent in urinary tract pathogens in both. Highest prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC producers was recorded in intensive care units and surgical wards. ESBL and AmpC production in the hospital is not sex dependent statistically, thought higher in males (52 and 60%) than in females (48 and 40%) for ESBL and AmpC respectively. ESBL and AmpC producers were both sensitive to Imipenem, Nitrofurantoin and Levofloxacin and resistance to Amoxycillin, Ceftazidime and Tetracycline. The study indicates the occurrence of ESBL and AmpC producers in our tertiary health provider, widely distributed in various clinical samples, wardsand sexes and are multi drug resistant posing serious threat in managing life threatening infections.Key words: prevalence, distribution, ESBL producers, Amp C producers, antibiotic susceptibilit

Langmuir, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution using Activated Carbon Derived from Pods of Acacia nilotica var astringens (Sunt tree) by Chemical Activation with ZnCl2

Adsorption of Methylene Blue dye from aqueous solution onto Activated carbon derived from   Acacia nilotica (Sunt tree) by chemical activation with ZnCl2, (SUNT-C2) has been studied using batch-adsorption techniques. This study was carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the low-cost adsorbent (SUNT-C2) for the removal of Methylene Blue dye from aqueous solution. The influence of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent dose and contact time on the adsorption process were also studied. Results revealed that adsorption rate initially increased rapidly, and the optimal removal efficiency was reached within about 100 mins. Further increase in contact time did not show significant change in equilibrium concentration; that is, the adsorption phase reached equilibrium. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted well by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Also the adsorption process followed pseudo first order rate kinetics. Results indicate that, a new, environment friendly, freely abundant, locally available, lw-cost adsorbent, (SUNT-C2) was an attractive candidate for the removal of cationic dyes from dye wastewater. Keywords: Adsorption, Acacia nilotica, (SUNT-C2) activated carbon, Methylene Blue dye, pseudo first order rate kinetics, FTIR

Acetic Acid Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Derived from Pods of Acacia nilotica var astringens (Sunt tree) by Chemical Activation with ZnCl2

The purpose of this study is to prepare and investigate the adsorption behavior of acetic acid onto two samples of activated carbon prepared from Acacia nilotica var astringens, Sunt tree,( SUNT-C1 and SUNT-C2). Applicability Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevitch models of adsorptions isotherm have been tested, while acetic acid initial concentration varied between (0.010 – 0.300) mol/dm3. A comparative study of adsorption capacities of these samples was performed. The obtained data were compared and fitted well with the four models; there exist a correlation between physico- chemical properties of the activated carbons and the sorption processes. The maximum monolayer coverage (Qo) from Langmuir isotherm model was determined to be 1.016mg/g. Also from Freundlich Isotherm model, the sorption intensity (n) which indicates favourable sorption and the correlation value are 1.11 and 1.09 respectively. Keywords: Adsorption, Acacia nilotica var astringens, activated carbon, FTI

Perhitungan Struktur Beton Bertulang Gedung Kantor Sewa Delapan Lantai di Pontianak

Pada penulisan tugas akhir ini penulis merencanakan gedung kantor sewa 8 lantai di Jalan Sisingamangaraja Kota Pontianak berdasarkan lokasi data tanah yang digunakan. Perencanaan gedung kantor sewa ini menggunakan spesifikasi perencanaan seperti mutu beton sebesar 25 MPa dan mutu baja sebesar 400 MPa. Standar perencanaan yang digunakan meliputi SNI 2847-2013 “Persyaratan beton struktural untuk bangunan gedung” dan SNI 1726-2012 “Tata cara perencanaan ketahanan gempa untuk bangunan gedung dan non gedung” dan juga PPPURG 1987 untuk pembebanan struktur. Dalam analisis, sistem pembebanan yang akan dibebankan pada gedung adalah sistem pembebanan vertikal berupa beban mati dan beban hidup serta beban horizontal berupa beban gempa dan analisis struktur dibantu dengan bantuan program komputer. Dari hasil analisis struktur diperoleh kesimpulan meliputi pelat, balok, kolom dan pondasi, untuk pelat lantai 1 hingga lantai atap setebal 110 mm dan untuk pelat lantai atap penthouse setebal 100 mm, sedangkan untuk balok induk berukuran 35/70, balok anak 1 berukuran 30/60, balok anak 2 berukuran 25/50 dan balok anak 3 berukuran 20/40, untuk kolom lantai 1-3 berukuran 70/70, dan kolom lantai 4-6 berukuran 65/65, kolom 7-8 berukuran 55/55, serta untuk pondasi menggunakan pondasi tiang pancang (pile) yang tiap titiknya berkisar dari 6 s/d 52 tiang pancang

Antiferromagnetic Spin Fluctuations in the Metallic Phase of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Organic Superconductors

We give a quantitative analysis of the previously published nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments in the k-(ET)2X family of organic charge transfer salts by using the phenomenological spin fluctuation model of Moriya, and Millis, Monien and Pines (M-MMP). For temperatures above T_nmr ~ 50 K, the model gives a good quantitative description of the data in the metallic phases of several k-(ET)2X materials. These materials display antiferromagnetic correlation lengths which increase with decreasing temperature and grow to several lattice constants by T_nmr. It is shown that the fact that the dimensionless Korringa ratio is much larger than unity is inconsistent with a broad class of theoretical models (such as dynamical mean-field theory) which neglects spatial correlations and/or vertex corrections. For materials close to the Mott insulating phase the nuclear spin relaxation rate, the Knight shift and the Korringa ratio all decrease significantly with decreasing temperature below T_nmr. This cannot be described by the M-MMP model and the most natural explanation is that a pseudogap, similar to that observed in the underdoped cuprate superconductors, opens up in the density of states below T_nmr. Such a pseudogap has recently been predicted to occur in the dimerised organic charge transfer salts materials by the resonating valence bond (RVB) theory. We propose specific new experiments on organic superconductors to elucidate these issues. For example, measurements to see if high magnetic fields or high pressures can be used to close the pseudogap would be extremely valuable.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Perancangan Fotografi Fashion Kontemporer Dengan Tema Tokoh-Tokoh Dalam Cerita Rakyat Indonesia

Indonesia memiliki ragam budaya yang tak terhitung jumlahnya, salah satunya adalah cerita rakyat. Pada umumnya, cerita rakyat menceritakan asal-usul suatu masyarakat di suatu daerah beserta nilai-nilai budaya yang dianut. Cerita rakyat memiliki unsur-unsur penting di dalamnya seperti tokoh dan watak. Dengan memahami kedua unsur tersebut, dapat menjadikannya sebagai teladan karena sebagian besar tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita rakyat merupakan refleksi dari realitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Akan tetapi, kalangan generasi muda di Indonesia kurang menyenangi tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita rakyat Indonesia karena dianggap kurang relevan dengan perkembangan zaman. Faktanya, kalangan generasi muda di Indonesia lebih menyukai tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita dongeng luar negeri karena memiliki tampilan yang lebih menarik. Oleh sebab itu, salah satu media yang menarik dan sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman yang dapat digunakan untuk mengapresiasi sekaligus mempopulerkan kembali tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita rakyat Indonesia adalah fotografi fashion

Role of ICTs in Enhancing a Sustainable Educational Development in Selected Secondary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis

The study investigated the impact of the introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) has made on the Sustenance of Education in selected secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis. The study made use of primary data obtained through the administration of questionnaires on thirty (30) teachers and Ninety (90) students randomly selected across the six secondary schools within metropolis. The data obtained from the study were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square. The results reveal that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has helped in the development of education in the study area. The findings also reveal that the students’ respondents have developed a positive attitude towards the use of ICT for the acquisition of new skills. . The study therefore recommended that government should make computer and internet facilities available at all levels of our education system as this is expected to improve the performance of students in their academic pursuit. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Information and Communication Technology.(ICT)

PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA FISIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN PROBLEM POSSING ENGAN LATAR PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF KELAS XI-ADM.A SMK NEGERI 1 NARMADA KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017-2018

ABSTRAKBelajar merupakan suatu kegiatan kreatif. Belajar bukan berarti hanya menyerap tetapi juga mengkonstruk pengetahuan. Belajar IPA Fisika akan optimal jika siswa terlibat secara aktif dalam membuat, bukan hanya strategi penyelesaian, tetapi juga masalah yang membutuhkan strategi tersebut.Menurut Upu ( 2003:10 ) Problem Possing dapat dilakukan secara individu atau kalsikal ( classical ), berpasangan ( in pairs ), atau secara berkelompok( groups ). Masalah atau soal yang diajukan oleh siswa secara individu tidak memuat intervensi dari siswa ini. hal ini dapat mengakibatkan soal kurang berkembang atau kandungan informasinya kurang lengkap. Soal yang diajukan secara berpasangan dapat lebih berbobot dibanding soal yang diajukan secara individu, dengan syarat terjadi kolaborasi di antara kedua siswa yang berpasangan tersebut. Jika soal dirumuskan oleh suatu kelompok kecil ( tim ), maka kualitasnya akan lebih baik dari aspek tingkat keterselesaian maupun kandungan informasinya. Kerjasama diantara siswa dapat memacu kreativitas serta saling melengkapi kekurangan mereka.Pada pembelajaran kooperatif, siswa dibagi kedalam kelompok-kelompok kecil yang heterogen. Mereka akan bekerja sebagai sebuah tim untuk memahami materi pelajaran dan meyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu penulis perlu melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan judul Peningkatkan Prestasi Belajar IPA Fisika dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Problem  Possing  dengan Latar Pembelajaran Kooperatif Kelas XI-ADM.A SMK Negeri 1 NarmadaTahun Pelajaran 2017-2018. Kata Kunci: problem possing; cooperative learning; prestasi belajar. ABSTRACTLearning is a creative activity. Learning does not mean only absorbing but also constructing knowledge. Learning Science Physics will be optimal if students are actively involved in making, not only solving strategies, but also problems that require these strategies. According to Upu (2003:10) Problem Possing can be done individually or classically (classical), in pairs (in pairs), or in groups (groups). Problems or questions posed by students individually do not contain intervention from these students. this can result in less developed questions or incomplete information content. Questions posed in pairs can be more weighty than questions posed individually, provided that there is collaboration between the two students in pairs. If the questions are formulated by a small group (team), then the quality will be better in terms of the level of completion and information content. Cooperation among students can stimulate creativity and complement each other's shortcomings. In cooperative learning, students are divided into small, heterogeneous groups. They will work as a team to understand the subject matter and complete the assigned tasks. Therefore, the authors need to conduct classroom action research with the title Improving Physics Science Learning Achievement by Using a Problem Possing Approach with a Cooperative Learning Background for Class XI-ADM.A SMK Negeri 1 Narmada for the 2017-2018 academic year. Keywords: problem possing; cooperative learning; learning achievement