2,127 research outputs found
Unemployed Versus âNot in the Labor Forceâ: Is There a Difference?
This paper uses economic measures of behavior to examine the validity of the line drawn between individuals inside and outside the labor force, particularly between the unemployed and those outside the labor force. If labor force states are indistinguishable, the unemployment rate is open to interpretation. Our findings suggest that labor force statuses are distinct for mature adults and less distinct for teenagers. However, among mature adults, the degree of distinctiveness varies by race and ethnicity. Since 1990, there has been increased instability between the labor force statuses of the unemployed and those outside the labor force in some groups
Policy measures and cyber insurance: a framework
The role of the insurance industry in driving improvements in cyber security has
been identified as mutually beneficial for both insurers and policy-makers. To date,
there has been no consideration of the roles governments and the insurance industry
should pursue in support of this publicâprivate partnership. This paper rectifies
this omission and presents a framework to help underpin such a partnership, giving
particular consideration to possible government interventions that might affect the
cyber insurance market. We have undertaken a qualitative analysis of reports published
by policy-making institutions and organisations working in the cyber insurance
domain; we have also conducted interviews with cyber insurance professionals.
Together, these constitute a stakeholder analysis upon which we build our framework.
In addition, we present a research roadmap to demonstrate how the ideas
described might be taken forward
Hunt for Starspots in HARPS Spectra of G and K Stars
We present a method for detecting starspots on cool stars using the
cross-correlation function (CCF) of high resolution molecular spectral
templates applied to archival high-resolution spectra of G and K stars observed
with HARPS/HARPS-N. We report non-detections of starspots on the Sun even when
the Sun was spotted, the solar twin 18 Scorpii, and the very spotted Sun-like
star HAT-P-11, suggesting that Sun-like starspot distributions will be
invisible to the CCF technique, and should not produce molecular absorption
signals which might be confused for signatures of exoplanet atmospheres. We
detect strong TiO absorption in the T Tauri K-dwarfs LkCa 4 and AA Tau,
consistent with significant coverage by cool regions. We show that despite the
non-detections, the technique is sensitive to relatively small spot coverages
on M dwarfs and large starspot areas on Sun-like stars.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted to A
Validation of an experimental setup to study atmospheric heterogeneous ozonolysis of semi-volatile organic compounds
International audienceThere is currently a need for reliable experimental procedures to follow the heterogeneous processing simulating the atmospheric conditions. This work offers an alternative experimental device to study the behaviour of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) that presumably exhibit extremely slow reactivity (e.g. pesticides) towards the atmospheric oxidants such as ozone and OH. Naphthalene was chosen as a test compound since it was widely studied in the past and hence represents a good reference. Prior to ozone exposure, the gaseous naphthalene was adsorbed via gas-solid equilibrium on silica and XAD-4 particles. Then, the heterogeneous reaction of ozone with adsorbed naphthalene was investigated in specially designed flow tube reactors. After the reaction, the remaining naphthalene (adsorbed on particles surface) was extracted, filtered and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Thus, the kinetics results were obtained following the consumption of naphthalene. Using this procedure, the rate constants of heterogeneous ozonolysis of naphthalene (kO3 silica=2.26 (±0.09)Ă10â17 cm3 molecâ1 sâ1 and kO3 XAD-4=4.29 (±1.06)Ă10â19 cm3 molecâ1 sâ1) were determined for silica and XAD-4 particles, at 25°C and relative humidity <0.7%. The results show that the nature of the particles significantly affects the kinetics and that heterogeneous ozonolysis of naphthalene is faster than its homogeneous ozonolysis in the gas phase
Neutrino Experiments: Status, Recent Progress, and Prospects
Neutrino physics has seen an explosion of activity and new results in the
last decade. In this report the current state of the field is summarized, with
a particular focus on progress in the last two years. Prospects for the near
term (roughly 5 years) are also described.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, proceedings of plenary talk at EPS HEP 2007
Conference, Manchester, UK. Updated with citation added to Figure 1
Terminus-driven retreat of a major southwest Greenland tidewater glacier during the early 19th century : insights from glacier reconstructions and numerical modelling
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Remarks on Semileptonic B and D Decays into Orbitally Excited Mesons
We have obtained the differential decay rate and calculated the branching
ratios of the exclusive semileptonic decays , where is a
p-wave meson, using the nonrelativistic ISGW quark model. Our results are
compared with the predictions of the ISGW2 model. We have computed some
branching ratios that were not reported or were reported with 0.00 in this
model. For example, we find that , and , which seems to be
at the reach of forthcoming experiments. Furthermore, we have classified the
decays in two groups and compared the semileptonic and
nonleptonic decays including a tensor meson in the final state.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe
Mutations in SPG11, encoding spatacsin, are a major cause of spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum.
Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (ARHSP) with thin corpus
callosum (TCC) is a common and clinically distinct form of familial spastic
paraplegia that is linked to the SPG11 locus on chromosome 15 in most affected
families. We analyzed 12 ARHSP-TCC families, refined the SPG11 candidate interval
and identified ten mutations in a previously unidentified gene expressed
ubiquitously in the nervous system but most prominently in the cerebellum,
cerebral cortex, hippocampus and pineal gland. The mutations were either nonsense
or insertions and deletions leading to a frameshift, suggesting a
loss-of-function mechanism. The identification of the function of the gene will
provide insight into the mechanisms leading to the degeneration of the
corticospinal tract and other brain structures in this frequent form of ARHSP
Interleukin-27 regulates the function of the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier in a human tissue derived organoid model
Funding: This research was funded by CICRA (CICRA: better lives for children with crohns and colitis. Available online: https://www.cicra.org (last accessed on 23 January 2022); Ph.D. studentship to DBP) and an NHS Grampian Endowment project grant. Acknowledgments: We wish to acknowledge the Grampian Tissue Biorepository for assistance in tissue preparation. Organoids were stored at â80 âŠC at the University of Aberdeen. Graphical abstract was created using Biorender with a licence for use in publication (agreement number AD22YOD1N6). DBP now at Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, UKPeer reviewedPublisher PD
Atmospheric dynamics over Europe during the Younger Dryas revealed by palaeoglaciers
A dataset of 120 palaeoglaciers ranging from Morocco in the south to Svalbard in the north and from Ireland in
the west to Turkey in the east, has been assembled from the literature. A robust quality control on the chronology
was undertaken and, when derived from cosmogenic nuclides, ages were recalculated using the most up-to-date
production rates. All the reconstructed glaciers date to the Younger Dryas. Frontal moraines/limits were used to
initiate the palaeoglacier reconstructions using GlaRe, a GIS tool which generates an equilibrium profile ice surface
along a single flowline and extrapolates this to out to a 3D ice surface. From the resulting glacier surfaces
palaeo-ELAs were calculated within the GIS. Where multiple glaciers were reconstructed within in a region, a
single ELA value was generated. Results show that ELAs decrease with latitude but have a more complex pattern
with longitude. A database of 121 sites, spanning the same geographical range as the palaeoglaciers, was compiled
for Younger Dryas temperature, determined from palaeoproxies, for example pollen, diatoms, coleoptera,
chironimids etc. These proxy data were merged and interpolated to generate maps of average temperature for the
warmest and coldest months and annual average temperature. Results show that, in general, temperature decreases
with latitude. Temperature at the palaeo-ELAs were determined from the temperature maps using a lapse rate of
0.65C/100m and the precipitation required for equilibrium was calculated. Positive precipitation anomalies are
found along much of the western seaboard of Europe, with the most striking positive anomalies present in the
eastern Mediterranean. Negative precipitation anomalies appear on the northern side of the Alps. This pattern is
interpreted to represent a southward displaced polar frontal jet stream with a concomitant track of Atlantic midlatitude depressions, leading to more frequent incursions of low pressure systems especially over the relatively
warm eastern Mediterranean, enhancing cyclogenesis. This is similar to the modern Scandinavia (SCAND) pattern
which, in its positive phase, is characterised by a high pressure anomaly over Fennoscandia and western Russia,
negative pressure anomalies around the Iberian Peninsula and enhanced cyclogenesis in the central and eastern
Mediterranean. During the YD the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet and permafrost across much of northern continental
Europe and Russia would have generated a high pressure region leading to a persistent, enhanced SCAND
circulation
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