Machinability study on drilling austenite stainless steel 316l1 using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on surface roughness

This research was carried out to determine the optimum condition of cutting speed, feed rate and point of angle while drilling the austenite stainless steel in order to get the good surface finish by using Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). This project focuses on the drilling small hole on the austenite stainless steel by using milling machine. The aim of this project is to find the optimum condition in producing the good surface finish in drilling process with MQL. The Taguchi OA from software Minitab 16 was used to formulate the experiment, to analyze the three factors and also to predict the optimal choices of the drilling parameters. The selected cutting speeds for the drilling process are 15m/min, 25m/min and 35m/min. For the feed rate, the parameters are 0.1mm/rev, 0.15mm/rev and 0.2mm/rev. The third parameter that will be considered in this project is point of angle, and the parameters that will be used are about 110°, 120° and 135°. The machining processes were performed on the CNC milling machine. The surface roughness will be test by using Surfcom 130A. Results shows that, the best surface roughness were obtained at the lower cutting speed, middle of feed rate and middle of point of angle. So, the optimum cutting speed, feed rate and point of angle are, 15m/min, 0.15mm/rev and 120°. The confirmation results show that, the predicted values and the measured values are quite close to each other

Altering male-dominant representations:a study on nominalized adjectives and participles in first and second language German

The generic use of masculine plural forms in grammatical gender languages has been criticized for activating unequal gender representations that are male dominant. The present study examined whether the recently introduced gender-neutral forms of nominalized adjectives and participles in German provide references that induce more balanced representations. We used cross-linguistic differences as a means to illustrate the flexibility of the gender representation system and investigated both native and nonnative (French–German bilinguals) speakers of German. Although a masculine bias persisted when participants read role nouns in the masculine plural form, the study suggests that the usage of nominalized forms can attenuate this male bias, even for nonnative speakers. The results of the study provide further support for the use of gender-neutral language

Gauging the impact of gender grammaticization in different languages:application of a linguistic-visual paradigm

Employing a linguistic-visual paradigm, we investigated whether the grammaticization of gender information impacts readers’ gender representations. French and German were taken as comparative languages, taking into account the male gender bias associated to both languages, as well as the comparative gender biases associated to their plural determiners (French: les [generic] vs. German: die [morphologically feminine]). Bilingual speakers of French and German had to judge whether a pair of facial images representing two men or a man and a woman could represent a gender stereotypical role noun prime (e.g., nurses). The prime was presented in the masculine plural form with or without a plural determiner. Results indicated that the overt grammaticization of the male gender in the masculine form dominated the representation of the role nouns (though interpretable as generic). However, the effect of the determiner was not found, indicating that only gender information associated to a human reference role noun had impacted readers’ representations. The results, discussed in the framework of the thinking-for-speaking hypothesis, demonstrated that linguistic-visual paradigms are well-suited to gauge the impact of both stereotype information and grammaticization when processing role nouns

Gender inferences: Grammatical features and their impact on the representation of gender in bilinguals

We investigated the effects of grammatical and stereotypical gender information on the comprehension of human referent role nouns among bilinguals of a grammatical (French) and a natural gender language (English). In a sentence evaluation paradigm, participants judged the acceptability of a gender-specific sentence referring to either a group of women or men following a sentence containing the plural form of a role noun female (e.g., social workers), male (e.g., surgeons) or neutral (e.g., musicians) in stereotypicality. L1 French and L1 English bilinguals were tested both in French and English. The results showed that bilinguals construct mental representations of gender associated with the language of the task they are engaged in, shifting representations as they switch languages. Specifically, in French, representations were male-dominant (i.e., induced by the masculine form), whereas in English, they were stereotype-based. Furthermore, the results showed that the extent to which representations shifted was modulated by participants' proficiency in their L2, with highly proficient L2 participants resembling native speakers of the L2 and less proficient L2 participants being influenced more by their native languag

A New Method for Finishing Minicavities

Minicavities were prepared in 26 caries-free teeth. Cavity preparation and the finishing of the occlusal area and the gingival floor was done with diamond burs (diameter 1 mm, grain sizes 90 μm and 15 μm, respectively). For the finishing of the axial box margin and the proximo-cervicaI curved border, a new set was developed: It is composed of an EVA-system with the total amplitude reduced to 0.34 mm, and a highly flexible file (Cavishape, grain 15 μm). The shape of this file had to be modified in order to follow the proximo-cervical curvature. The efficiency of the new device was compared with the axial margin trimmer by means of scanning electron microscopy and a score system. The new device allowed a significantly better finishing of the proximo-cervical curvature and of the axial box margin

Yield of Outpatient Sleep EEG for Epileptiform Alterations' Detection in Children.

PURPOSE: Ambulatory EEGs in children are frequently ordered as sleep studies. However, the yield according to different clinical situations has received little attention to date. The authors aimed to quantify the added value in terms of detection of epileptiform features of an EEG containing sleep, as compared with only wakefulness, according to the referral diagnoses. METHODS: The authors retrospectively selected consecutive outpatients' EEG recordings of patients between 6 months to 16 years old, performed between January 2014 and February 2015. The authors excluded those lacking at least 10 minutes of waking and/or at least 5 minutes of behavioral sleep. Interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) in wakefulness and sleep was compared among referral suspected diagnoses. Additional yield of sleep was considered if at least one of the following was observed: appearance of interictal epileptiform activity or increase by >50%; interictal epileptiform activity change in localization or morphology, seizure occurrence. RESULTS: A total of 425 recordings (mean age 6.9 ± 4.7 years) were analyzed. Of them, 194 (45.6%) presented an additional yield during sleep, which was dependent on the occurrence of IEA during wakefulness: 77/251 (30.7%) in those without versus 117/174 (67.2%) in those with wakefulness IEA (P < 0.001, χ). The yield was markedly lower in studies performed for nonepileptic referral diagnoses (7% vs. 43% to 100%; P < 0.001, Fisher). CONCLUSIONS: When wakefulness EEG lacks epileptiform features, the yield of sleep EEG in our pediatric population appeared modest, especially in patients without a suspected epileptic syndrome. This information may be used to optimize the request of sleep EEG in children

Pragmatic and syntactic constraints on French causal connectives: An evaluation of native and non-native speakers' sensitivity.

When writing a text, the choice between seemingly equivalent connectives, such as but and however, is not arbitrary: aside from preferences linked to the register or modality of the utterance, there are often pragmatic or syntactic constraints that limit the choice to only one particular connective. For French, theoretical approaches have extensively discussed the syntactic and pragmatic constraints that allow only either parce que (‘because’) or puisque (‘since’). However, experimental findings regarding the actual sensitivity of French speakers to these constraints remain inconclusive. In the current study, we examine the sensitivity of different speaker groups to the constraints associated with the use of parce que and puisque. In a controlled offline-task, we systematically evaluate the sensitivity of a crowd-sourced heterogeneous group of native speakers (Experiment 1) and a group of non-native speakers (Experiment 2). Results show that native speakers are more sensitive to syntactic constraints whereas pragmatic constraints are more equivocal. Nonnative speakers, however, are not sensitive to either of these constraints. In addition, the pragmatically complex connective puisque is extremely problematic for non-native speakers, as even the mapping of a seemingly equivalent connective of their L1 did not warrant a good mastery of its pragmatic functions

Magnetism in heavy-fermion U(Pt,Pd)3 studied by mSR

We report mSR experiments carried out on a series of heavy-electron pseudobinary compounds U(Pt1-xPdx)3 (x<=0.05). For x<=0.005 the zero-field muon depolarisation is described by the Kubo-Toyabe function. However the temperature variation of the Kubo-Toyabe relaxation rate does not show any sign of the small-moment antiferromagnetic phase with TN~6 K (signalled by neutron diffraction), in contrast to previous reports. The failure to detect the small ordered moment suggests it has a fluctuating (> 10 MHz) nature, which is consistent with the interpretation of NMR data. For 0.01<=x<=0.05 the muon depolarisation in the ordered state is described by two terms of equal amplitude: an exponentially damped spontaneous oscillation and a Lorentzian Kubo-Toyabe function. These terms are associated with antiferromagnetic order with substantial moments. The Knight-shift measured in a magnetic field of 0.6 T on single-crystalline U(Pt0.95Pd0.05)3 in the paramagnetic state shows two signals for B perpendicular to c, while only one signal is observed for B||c. The observation of two signals for B perpendicular to c, while there is only one muon localisation site (0,0,0), points to the presence of two spatially distinct regions of different magnetic response.Comment: 25 pages including 12 figures (PS), J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, in prin

Magnetic quantum critical point and superconductivity in UPt3 doped with Pd

Transverse-field muon spin relaxation measurements have been carried out on the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3 doped with small amounts of Pd. We find that the critical Pd concentration for the emergence of the large-moment antiferromagnetic phase is ~0.6 at.%Pd. At the same Pd content, superconductivity is completely suppressed. The existence of a magnetic quantum critical point in the phase diagram, which coincides with the critical point for superconductivity, provides evidence for ferromagnetic spin-fluctuation mediated odd-parity superconductivity, which competes with antiferromagnetic order.Comment: 4 pages (includes 3 figures); postscript fil