AS (IM) POSSIBILIDADES NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO BRASILEIRO AOS REFUGIADOS

RESUMO: As transformações societárias tem promovido uma sociedade de mercado que obriga centenas de milhares de pessoas a viver a realidade migratória, em especial, com características de refugiado. Essa reflexão teórica - bibliográfica buscará refletir sobre como ocorre a inserção desses refugiados (migrantes em situação de guerras religiosas, étnicas e políticas) no mercado de trabalho no Brasil. Propõe-se realizar reflexões, bem como contextualizações sobre a representatividade dos refugiados na sociedade brasileira. Concluiu-se que estes sujeitos são funcionais ao sistema, na medida em que grande parte passam a se inserir na informalidade, reforçando a precariedade das relações e condições de trabalho estabelecidas

Motor and higher‐order functions topography of the human dentate nuclei identified with tractography and clustering methods

Deep gray matter nuclei are the synaptic relays, responsible to route signals between specific brain areas. Dentate nuclei (DNs) represent the main output channel of the cerebellum and yet are often unexplored especially in humans. We developed a multimodal MRI approach to identify DNs topography on the basis of their connectivity as well as their microstructural features. Based on results, we defined DN parcellations deputed to motor and to higher-order functions in humans in vivo. Whole-brain probabilistic tractography was performed on 25 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project to infer DN parcellations based on their connectivity with either the cerebral or the cerebellar cortex, in turn. A third DN atlas was created inputting microstructural diffusion-derived metrics in an unsupervised fuzzy c-means classification algorithm. All analyses were performed in native space, with probability atlas maps generated in standard space. Cerebellar lobule-specific connectivity identified one motor parcellation, accounting for about 30% of the DN volume, and two non-motor parcellations, one cognitive and one sensory, which occupied the remaining volume. The other two approaches provided overlapping results in terms of geometrical distribution with those identified with cerebellar lobule-specific connectivity, although with some differences in volumes. A gender effect was observed with respect to motor areas and higher-order function representations. This is the first study that indicates that more than half of the DN volumes is involved in non-motor functions and that connectivity-based and microstructure-based atlases provide complementary information. These results represent a step-ahead for the interpretation of pathological conditions involving cerebro-cerebellar circuits

REFUGIADOS E POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS: dilemas e realidades no século XXI

RESUMO: Este trabalho realiza um resgate histórico do avanço nas legislações acerca dos refugiados, destacando a convenção de Genebra 1951 - relativa ao Estatuto dos Refugiados, o Protocolo de Nova Iorque (1967), a Declaração de Cartagena, 1984, e a Lei Brasileira de 1997 (Lei Federal no. 9.474/97). Em seguida realizam-se problematizações acerca das condições de vida e do acesso ás políticas sociais aos refugiados. Serão elencadas políticas vinculadas ao acesso à moradia, assistência social, educação e trabalho. Com base no estudo identificou-se que as expressões da questão social permeiam a vida destes sujeitos e que as políticas sociais são uma das principais formas de subsistência e formação aos refugiados

PVL related differences in Protein expression profile in MRSA and MSSA

Since its early discovery as an opportunistic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a major cause of mortality with a wide variety of clinical affections. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a staphylococcal synergohymenotropic exotoxin (one of virulence factors) belonging to the pore-forming toxin family, induces lysis of host defense cells such as human neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, and recently been associated with necrotizing pneumonia. Although MRSA was considered a worldwide major threat, recent records demonstrated several clinical cases of staphylococci infections caused by MSSA with high prevalence of (PVL) + isolates. Hence, understanding mechanisms of both cell physiology and pathophysiology is necessary to contrast the diffusion of this pathogen, the aim of this project is to study the proteome of MSSA and MRSA with special emphasis on PVL+ and PVL- strains to identify proteins that may be related to virulence using 2-D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins between MSSA (PVL-) and MSSA (PVL+) groups. Five of them showed over expression in MSSA (PVL) - while 3 proteins were over expressed in MSSA (PVL)+. These proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Focusing on the function of identified proteins, it was found that proteins overexpressed in PVL+ are linked with catalysis of polypeptides and with energy production pathways. While the ones overexpressed in PVL\u2013 are related to transcription pathways. Results can explain the reason because PVL+ strains are more pathogenic than PV

DNA repair: the culprit for tumor-initiating cell survival?

The existence of “tumor-initiating cells” (TICs) has been a topic of heated debate for the last few years within the field of cancer biology. Their continuous characterization in a variety of solid tumors has led to an abundance of evidence supporting their existence. TICs are believed to be responsible for resistance against conventional treatment regimes of chemotherapy and radiation, ultimately leading to metastasis and patient demise. This review summarizes DNA repair mechanism(s) and their role in the maintenance and regulation of stem cells. There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that TICs, similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), display an increase in their ability to survive genotoxic stress and injury. Mechanistically, the ability of ES cells, HSCs and TICs to survive under stressful conditions can be attributed to an increase in the efficiency at which these cells undergo DNA repair. Furthermore, the data presented in this review summarize the results found by our lab and others demonstrating that TICs have an increase in their genomic stability, which can allow for TIC survival under conditions such as anticancer treatments, while the bulk population of tumor cells dies. We believe that these data will greatly impact the development and design of future therapies being engineered to target and eradicate this highly aggressive cancer cell population

Fluvastatin blocks NF-kB-mediated Tissue Factor induction in human endothelial cells

We have developed a model system to measure quantitatively removal of cholesterol from a well-defined depot in vivo. To that end, lipoproteins were injected into the rectus femoris muscle of small rodents, using a 25 \u3bcl Hamilton syringe and a 27-gauge needle. In most experiments, the injected volume was 10 \u3bcl containing 200 \u3bcg of cholesterol. The lipoproteins tested were native or modified LDL labeled with trace amounts of [3H]free cholesterol ([3H]FC). The amount of label or of cholesterol mass recovered at various time intervals after injection was normalized to that found after 10 min (designated time 0). In mice, the highest recovery of the [3H]cholesterol 24 h after injection was found with cationized LDL, and ranged between 78% and 84%, whereas retention of native LDL did not exceed 24%. Based on results of 9 experiments with cationized LDL, the loss of [3H]FC was mono-exponential between 1 and 14 days and the t(1/2) was about 4 days. The disappearance curve of cholesterol mass showed an initial slow and a later more rapid component, the latter with a t(1/2) of 4 days. The initial lag is most probably due to the presence of cholesteryl ester, which needs to be hydrolyzed prior to egress. This assumption was verified by injection of cat-LDL labeled with [3H]cholesteryl oleate and finding a similar lag as well as evidence of [3H]cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. Histological examination of the injected muscle 1-4 days after injection of cat LDL showed infiltration with mononuclear cells in an area limited to the site of injection. The presently described model system, which mimics to some extent events occurring during atherogenesis, permits quantitative evaluation of egress of deposited cholesterol and may allow to study the role of HDL in such a process

Fluvastatin reduces endothelial tissue factor expression: effect on NF-kB translocation

The vitamin K-dependent \u3b3-glutamyl carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid to \u3b3-carboxyglutamic acid in substrate proteins. The enzyme has recently been purified and the cDNA encoding the enzyme has been cloned. The availability of recombinant enzyme provides the opportunity to probe the mechanism of this unique enzyme. The binding sites for the \u3b3-carboxylation recognition site containing propeptide and carboxylatable glutamate residues of a vitamin K-dependent substrate protein have been localized to the amino-terminal 250 residues of the enzyme. Regions of the carboxy-terminal of the enzyme are important for conversion of vitamin K hydroquinone to vitamin K epoxide, a reaction that occurs concomitantly with carboxylation and is catalyzed by the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Using pure recombinant vitamin K-dependent carboxylase it has been demonstrated that catalysis of vitamin K oxygenation by the enzyme is regulated by the availability of carboxylatable substrate