ОЦЕНКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДВУХ СУБЪЕДИНИЧНЫХ ПРОТИВОГРИППОЗНЫХ ВАКЦИН У ДЕТЕЙ С ОТЯГОЩЕННЫМ АЛЛЕРГОАНАМНЕЗОМ

The article describes and analyzes the preliminary results of a clinical study, which evaluated the safety of two vaccines in children with allergies. Comparative analysis showed that immunization with both drugs is equally safe for healthy children and for children with allergic diseases.No cases of exacerbation of chronic disease associated with influenza vaccination were registered. Local and general reactions recorded in a small number of children are normal vaccine reactions of low degree.В статье анализируются предварительные результаты клинического исследования, в котором оценивали безопасность двух противогриппозных вакцин у детей с аллергопатологией. Сравнительный анализ показал, что иммунизация обеими препаратами одинаково безопасна как для здоровых детей, так и для детей с аллергическими болезнями. Не выявлено ни одного случая обострения хронического заболевания, связанного с вакцинацией от гриппа. Местные и общие реакции, зарегистрированные у незначительного числа детей, относятся к нормальным поствакцинальным реакциям слабой степени выраженности

РАСШИРЕНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПАПИЛЛОМАВИРУСНОЙ (ВПЧ)-ИНФЕКЦИИ: ЗАЩИТА ОТ ЦЕЛОГО СПЕКТРА ВПЧ-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ЛИЦ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ВОЗРАСТА И ПОЛА

HPV is the most widespread sexually transmitted infection. HPV affects men and women regardless of age and leads to the development of various anogenital area diseases. International studies proved a wide clinical range of the tetravalent HPV vaccine protection and allowed recommending it for the prevention of not only cervical cancer, but also of vulvar, vaginal and anal cancer and anogenital condylomae in patients of both sexes. 42 countries have already introduced national HPV-vaccination programs in compliance with WHO recommendations. Anogenital area cancer morbidity reduction in these countries is expected in 10-15 years. However, a reduction or even complete disappearance of anogenital condylomae among the population has already been noted in a range of countries because the incubation period of this disease is short; this is the first marker of vaccination efficacy in a population.ВПЧ — самая распространенная инфекция, передаваемая половым путем. ВПЧ поражает мужчин и женщин независимо от возраста и приводит к развитию различных заболеваний аногенитальной области. Проведенные международные клинические исследования подтвердили широкий спектр защиты четырехвалентной вакцины против ВПЧ и позволили рекомендовать ее для профилактики не только рака шейки матки, но и рака вульвы, влагалища, анального канала и аногенитальных кондилом у лиц обоих полов. 42 страны уже внедрили национальные программы ВПЧ-вакцинации в соответствии с рекомендациями ВОЗ. Снижение заболеваемости раком аногенитальной области в этих странах ожидается через 10–15 лет. Однако уже сейчас в ряде стран отмечается снижение или даже полное исчезновение аногенитальных кондилом среди населения, что связано с коротким инкубационным периодом данного заболевания и является первым маркером эффективности вакцинации в популяции

Advances in research on the use of biochar in soil for remediation: a review

Purpose: Soil contamination mainly from human activities remains a major environmental problem in the contemporary world. Significant work has been undertaken to position biochar as a readily-available material useful for the management of contaminants in various environmental media notably soil. Here, we review the increasing research on the use of biochar in soil for the remediation of some organic and inorganic contaminants.  Materials and methods: Bibliometric analysis was carried out within the past 10 years to determine the increasing trend in research related to biochar in soil for contaminant remediation. Five exemplar contaminants were reviewed in both laboratory and field-based studies. These included two inorganic (i.e., As and Pb) and three organic classes (i.e., sulfamethoxazole, atrazine, and PAHs). The contaminants were selected based on bibliometric data and as representatives of their various contaminant classes. For example, As and Pb are potentially toxic elements (anionic and cationic, respectively), while sulfamethoxazole, atrazine, and PAHs represent antibiotics, herbicides, and hydrocarbons, respectively.  Results and discussion: The interaction between biochar and contaminants in soil is largely driven by biochar precursor material and pyrolysis temperature as well as some characteristics of the contaminants such as octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) and polarity. The structural and chemical characteristics of biochar in turn determine the major sorption mechanisms and define biochar’s suitability for contaminant sorption. Based on the reviewed literature, a soil treatment plan is suggested to guide the application of biochar in various soil types (paddy soils, brownfield, and mine soils) at different pH levels (4–5.5) and contaminant concentrations ( 50 mg kg−1).  Conclusions: Research on biochar has grown over the years with significant focus on its properties, and how these affect biochar’s ability to immobilize organic and inorganic contaminants in soil. Few of these studies have been field-based. More studies with greater focus on field-based soil remediation are therefore required to fully understand the behavior of biochar under natural circumstances. Other recommendations are made aimed at stimulating future research in areas where significant knowledge gaps exist

SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TWO SUBUNIT INFLUENZA VACCINES IN CHILDREN WITH A BURDENED ALLERGOANAMNEZ

The article describes and analyzes the preliminary results of a clinical study, which evaluated the safety of two vaccines in children with allergies. Comparative analysis showed that immunization with both drugs is equally safe for healthy children and for children with allergic diseases.No cases of exacerbation of chronic disease associated with influenza vaccination were registered. Local and general reactions recorded in a small number of children are normal vaccine reactions of low degree

ОЦЕНКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДВУХ СУБЪЕДИНИЧНЫХ ПРОТИВОГРИППОЗНЫХ ВАКЦИН У ДЕТЕЙ С ОТЯГОЩЕННЫМ АЛЛЕРГОАНАМНЕЗОМ

The article describes and analyzes the preliminary results of a clinical study, which evaluated the safety of two vaccines in children with allergies. Comparative analysis showed that immunization with both drugs is equally safe for healthy children and for children with allergic diseases.No cases of exacerbation of chronic disease associated with influenza vaccination were registered. Local and general reactions recorded in a small number of children are normal vaccine reactions of low degree.В статье анализируются предварительные результаты клинического исследования, в котором оценивали безопасность двух противогриппозных вакцин у детей с аллергопатологией. Сравнительный анализ показал, что иммунизация обеими препаратами одинаково безопасна как для здоровых детей, так и для детей с аллергическими болезнями. Не выявлено ни одного случая обострения хронического заболевания, связанного с вакцинацией от гриппа. Местные и общие реакции, зарегистрированные у незначительного числа детей, относятся к нормальным поствакцинальным реакциям слабой степени выраженности.</p

ЛЕЧЕНИЕ БОЛИ В ГОРЛЕ У ДЕТЕЙ СТАРШЕ 5 ЛЕТ

Sore throat is a frequent complaint of children. Another aspect considered in this article is the issue of untimely and groundless prescription of antibacterial therapy to children, as it may result both in allergic reactions and toxic effect on the body in whole. Children of all age groups are rather sensitive to pain. In case of an acute complaint, there must be an effective drug, which may safely be used in children. The article examines various pharmaceutical forms of drugs for sore throat treatment and appraises their advantages, disadvantages and usability in children over 5 years of age in detail.Боль в горле является частой жалобой у детей. Другим аспектом, рассматриваемым в статье, является проблема несвоевременного и необоснованного назначения антибактериальной терапии у детей, последствиями которой могут быть как аллергические реакции, так и токсическое воздействие на организм в целом. В любой возрастной группе дети достаточно чувствительны к боли. При острой жалобе необходимо иметь в арсенале средство, которое будет одновременно эффективно и безопасно для детей. В статье подробно рассматриваются различные лекарственные формы препаратов для лечения боли в горле, оцениваются их преимущества, недостатки и удобства в применении у детей старше 5 лет

ANALYSIS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN CHILDREN WITH VARIOUS DISABILITIES OF HEALTH

The results of vaccination tolerability assessment against pneumococcal infection in children with various disabilities of health as well as the results of the follow-up of the vaccinated children are cited. The work was carried out at the Vaccination Department of the Scientific Centre for Children’s Health, RAMS. It is shown that vaccination against pneumococcal infection was safe as in healthy and in children with various disabilities of health. In the post-immunization period there were no serious adverse events observed (frequency of the expressed general and local postvaccinal reactions didn’t exceed 3%). The health of children one year after vaccination remained stable for the underlying disease (if any). It was proved that there was a significant reduction in acute respiratory infections in a group of sickly children, compared with the previous year

PERTUSSIS IS COMING BACK? IMPROVEMENT OF FORGOTTEN CHILDHOOD INFECTION CONTROL

Infection that more than 60 years ago was recognized one of the leading childhood diseases that caused infant mortality, is returning. Of course, with the introduction of vaccination against pertussis in the national programs, we rarely meet severe pertussis infection in our practice, considering that vaccinating children, we protect them. But why so far is this infectious disease remains a serious problem not only in Russia but throughout the world? Several global reasons contribute to the fact that until now vaccine-preventable diseases leads to a prolonged, exhausting cough in schoolchildren, deceiving the doctors with the correct diagnosis is still a real threat to infants

ЭТИОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ, ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА КЛЕЩЕВОГО ЭНЦЕФАЛИТА

At present, tick-borne encephalitis is registered in Siberia, Far East, Urals, Belarus and central regions of Russia. The viral infection has also been recently revealed among the population of the previously problem free regions: Penza, Yaroslavl, Magadan, Kamchatka, Moscow and Ivanovo. The disease manifests itself in various forms: febrile, meningeal, meningoencephalitic etc. The disease prognosis is favorable in case of a meningeal or febrile form, but significantly worse in case of a meningoencephalitic form – fatal outcomes take place in 25-30% of cases. Residuals in the form of convulsive hyperkinetic syndrome may remain in some patients even if the treatment started in time. Active immunization is the primary tick-borne encephalitis prevention.В настоящее время клещевой энцефалит регистрируется в Сибири, на Дальнем Востоке, Урале, в Беларуси и  центральных областях страны. В последнее время вирусная инфекция стала выявляться и среди населения ранее благополучных областей: Пензенской, Ярославской, Магаданской, Камчатской, а также Московской и Ивановской. Заболевание проявляется в различных формах: лихорадочной, менингеальной, менингоэнцефалитической и других. При менингеальной и лихорадочной формах прогноз благоприятный. При менингоэнцефалитической ― существенно хуже, летальные исходы достигают 25−30%. Даже при своевременном начале лечения у отдельных больных могут сохраняться остаточные явления в виде судорожного, гиперкинетического синдромов. Важной и основной профилактикой клещевого энцефалита служит активная иммунизация