The Concept of a Research Reactor of Small Power for Isotope Processing

The concept of a low-power research reactor for the production of radioisotopes is proposed, the results of calculations of the neutron-physical parameters of the core are presented, which can be used to substantiate the claimed reactor characteristics. In this article, the characteristics of the core of a research reactor of low power is substantiated, the main purpose of which is the production of radioisotope products for medical purposes. Nuclear medicine is one of the most advanced and demanded in the world of modern high-tech medicine, based on the using of atomic nucleus properties. As a rule, atoms with unstable nuclei are radionuclides. The reactor method of radionuclide production allows obtaining large quantities of radioisotope products at a relatively low price, but the reactor base is currently rather limited.     Keywords: radioisotope products, research reactors, neutron-physical characteristic

Synthesis and spectral characteristics of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid derivatives as model compounds for the estimation of properties of modified hyperbranched polyesters polyols

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. New amino and carboxy derivatives of methyl 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate have been synthesized as models of terminal fragments of hyperbranched polyester polyamines and polyesters polycarboxylic acids, and their spectral characteristics have been studied

Role of cytokines, IL1-β and IL-10, in the development of endocrine ophthalmopathy in Graves’ disease

Background: Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) is a disease which is characterized by progressive autoimmune inflammation of extraocular muscles and retrobulbar adipose tissue, and is accompanied by infiltration, edema and proliferation of retrobulbar adipose tissue, muscles and connective tissue, leading to worsened quality of life, limited capacity for work and even ocular atrophy. It has been demonstrated that cytokines are involved in the development of autoimmune ophthalmopathy in Graves’ disease (GD). Thus, the secretion of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα were increased several dozenfold in active ophthalmopathy, but the specificity of cytokines in EO is still a subject of discussion among researchers. Purpose: To assess the levels of proinflammtory cytokines (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in Graves’ disease complicated by endocrine ophthalmopathy. Material and Methods: Forty-three patients with Graves’ disease (33 women and 10 men; age, 18 to 71 years) underwent an examination. They were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of EO: GD plus EO (24 patients) and GD only (19 patients). Disease duration was 2.2±0.4 years for patients with GD plus EO versus 3.98±0.74 years for patients with GD only (р<0.05). All patients were treated with antithyroid drugs (mercazolil and thyrozol) and were classified as having compensated thyroid disease at the time of the study. All patients with GD plus AO had a CAS score exceeding 3 (the active stage of EO). Patients underwent an examination including ultrasonic assessment of thyroid gland volume, hormonal examination (serum TSH, free T4 (fT4), and free T3 (fT3)), assessment of serum antithyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and TSHR-Ab) and serum IL-1β and IL-10 levels. Results: Serum IL-1β levels were significantly increased in patients with Graves’ disease compared to healthy controls. Serum IL-1β levels for patients with GD plus EO were significantly higher than for patients with GD only (45.48 ± 16.19 pg/ml versus 10.44±5.17 pg/ml; р 0.05)

Assessing the efficacy of various treatment regimens for patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy associated with Graves’ disease

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of various treatment regimens for patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease based on the retrospective analysis of clinical data, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) titers and orbital ultrasound imaging findings. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records (including clinical and laboratory data and findings of ultrasound imaging of retrobulbar adipose tissue) of 155 patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease and either euthyroidism (in the presence of antithyroid therapy) or postoperative compensated hypothyroidism that underwent treatment at Komisarenko Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism between 2009 and 2019. The duration of EO ranged from 8 months to 36 months. Patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease were medically treated in the presence of stable euthyroidism. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the glucocorticoid treatment scheme. Group 1 of 15 patients received prednisolone tablets per os; group 2 of 68 patients, intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy only; group 3 of 32 patients, intravenous MP pulse therapy plus vitamin D3; and group 4 of 40 patients, intravenous MP pulse therapy 8 to 12 months after thyroidectomy. Results: As soon as 3 months after treatment initiation, there was an improvement in condition of patients in all groups as assessed by clinical examination, followed by further improvement by 6 months and 12 months. The best results were obtained in patients of group 4, with a statistically significant improvement in clinical condition (p < 0.05). Retrobulbar adipose tissue thickness as assessed by orbital ultrasound at baseline and at 6 months and 12 months was statistically significantly greater in patients of all the four groups than controls (p < 0.05). At 6 months, serum TSHR-Ab levels in groups 1, 2 and 3 significantly decreased compared to baseline, with no significant difference between these groups, whereas serum TSHR-Ab level in group 4 was significantly higher than in other groups both at baseline and at 6 months. At 12 months, serum TSHR-Ab level in group 4 was significantly lower (р < 0.05) than in other groups (2.41 ± 0.81 mU/L versus 5.97 ± 1.71 mU/L for group 1, 5.49 ± 1.27 mU/L for group 2, and 6.17 ± 1.18 mU/L for group 3). Conclusion: Patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease in group 4 (intravenous MP pulse therapy after thyroidectomy) showed a significantly better (р < 0.05) treatment outcome than patients in other groups. Ultrasound imaging of retrobulbar adipose tissue thickness is inadequately informative for assessing treatment efficacy

Advanced Technologies for Oral Controlled Release: Cyclodextrins for oral controlled release

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, by means of inclusion complexes formation, with the following advantages for the drugs: (1) solubility, dissolution rate, stability and bioavailability enhancement; (2) to modify the drug release site and/or time profile; and (3) to reduce or prevent gastrointestinal side effects and unpleasant smell or taste, to prevent drug-drug or drug-additive interactions, or even to convert oil and liquid drugs into microcrystalline or amorphous powders. A more recent trend focuses on the use of CDs as nanocarriers, a strategy that aims to design versatile delivery systems that can encapsulate drugs with better physicochemical properties for oral delivery. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the applications of the CDs and their hydrophilic derivatives on the solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs in order to increase their dissolution rate and get immediate release, as well as their ability to control (to prolong or to delay) the release of drugs from solid dosage forms, either as complexes with the hydrophilic (e.g. as osmotic pumps) and/ or hydrophobic CDs. New controlled delivery systems based on nanotechonology carriers (nanoparticles and conjugates) have also been reviewed

Results of Modeling Experiments in Designing Immuno-Enzyme Test-System for the Detection of Antibodies to <I>Yersinia pestis</I> F1 (ELISA-Ab-F1 <I>Yersinia pestis</I>)

Designed is immuno-enzyme test-system for the detection of antibodies to Yersinia pestis capsular antigen F1 – “ELISA-Ab-F1 Yersinia pestis”. On the model of laboratory mice it is demonstrated that this test-system is highly specific, its diagnostic titer being 1/320.Diagnostic value of the test-system is 83.3–88.9 % as revealed through investigations of sera and blood suspension samples, swabs of thoracic organs of animals, inoculated with live plague vaccine, strains of plague microbe, containing and deprived of pFra, as well as with heterologous bacteria

Опыт создания полнотекстовой базы данных «МедЛиб» в научно-медицинской библиотеке Сибирского государственного медицинского университета

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Borrelia Burgdorferi Induces a Type I Interferon Response During Early Stages of Disseminated Infection in Mice

BACKGROUND: Lyme borrelia genotypes differ in their capacity to cause disseminated disease. Gene array analysis was employed to profile the host transcriptome induced by Borrelia burgdorferi strains with different capacities for causing disseminated disease in the blood of C3H/HeJ mice during early infection. RESULTS: B. burgdorferi B515, a clinical isolate that causes disseminated infection in mice, differentially regulated 236 transcripts (P \u3c 0.05 by ANOVA, with fold change of at least 2). The 216 significantly induced transcripts included interferon (IFN)-responsive genes and genes involved in immunity and inflammation. In contrast, B. burgdorferi B331, a clinical isolate that causes transient skin infection but does not disseminate in C3H/HeJ mice, stimulated changes in only a few genes (1 induced, 4 repressed). Transcriptional regulation of type I IFN and IFN-related genes was measured by quantitative RT-PCR in mouse skin biopsies collected from the site of infection 24 h after inoculation with B. burgdorferi. The mean values for transcripts of Ifnb, Cxcl10, Gbp1, Ifit1, Ifit3, Irf7, Mx1, and Stat2 were found to be significantly increased in B. burgdorferi strain B515-infected mice relative to the control group. In contrast, transcription of these genes was not significantly changed in response to B. burgdorferi strain B331 or B31-4, a mutant that is unable to disseminate. CONCLUSIONS: These results establish a positive association between the disseminating capacity of B. burgdorferi and early type I IFN induction in a murine model of Lyme disease