4,855 research outputs found
M-Branes on k-center Instantons
We present analytic solutions for membrane metric function based on
transverse -center instanton geometries. The membrane metric functions
depend on more than two transverse coordinates and the solutions provide
realizations of fully localized type IIA D2/D6 and NS5/D6 brane intersections.
All solutions have partial preserved supersymmetries.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Locally extracting scalar, vector and tensor modes in cosmological perturbation theory
Cosmological perturbation theory relies on the decomposition of perturbations
into so-called scalar, vector and tensor modes. This decomposition is non-local
and depends on unknowable boundary conditions. The non-locality is particularly
important at second- and higher-order because perturbative modes are sourced by
products of lower-oder modes, which must be integrated over all space in order
to isolate each mode. However, given a trace-free rank-2 tensor, a locally
defined scalar mode may be trivially derived by taking two divergences, which
knocks out the vector and tensor degrees of freedom. A similar local
differential operation will return a pure vector mode. This means that scalar
and vector degrees of freedom have local descriptions. The corresponding local
extraction of the tensor mode is unknown however. We give it here. The
operators we define are useful for defining gauge-invariant quantities at
second-order. We perform much of our analysis using an index-free
`vector-calculus' approach which makes manipulating tensor equations
considerably simpler.Comment: 13 pages. Final version to appear in CQ
Subsonic high-angle-of-attack aerodynamic characteristics of a cone and cylinder with triangular cross sections and a cone with a square cross section
Experiments were conducted in the 12-Foot Pressure Wind Tunnel at Ames Research Center on three models with noncircular cross sections: a cone having a square cross section with rounded corners and a cone and cylinder with triangular cross sections and rounded vertices. The cones were tested with both sharp and blunt noses. Surface pressures and force and moment measurements were obtained over an angle of attack range from 30 deg to 90 deg and selected oil-flow experiments were conducted to visualize surface flow patterns. Unit Reynolds numbers ranged from 0.8x1,000,000/m to 13.0x1,000,000/m at a Mach number of 0.25, except for a few low-Reynolds-number runs at a Mach number of 0.17. Pressure data, as well as force data and oil-flow photographs, reveal that the three dimensional flow structure at angles of attack up to 75 deg is very complex and is highly dependent on nose bluntness and Reynolds number. For angles of attack from 75 deg to 90 deg the sectional aerodynamic characteristics are similar to those of a two dimensional cylinder with the same cross section
Backreaction on the luminosity-redshift relation from gauge invariant light-cone averaging
Using a recently proposed gauge invariant formulation of light-cone
averaging, together with adapted "geodesic light-cone" coordinates, we show how
an "induced backreaction" effect emerges, in general, from correlated
fluctuations in the luminosity distance and covariant integration measure.
Considering a realistic stochastic spectrum of inhomogeneities of primordial
(inflationary) origin we find that both the induced backreaction on the
luminosity-redshift relation and the dispersion are larger than naively
expected. On the other hand the former, at least to leading order and in the
linear perturbative regime, cannot account by itself for the observed effects
of dark energy at large-redshifts. A full second-order calculation, or even
better a reliable estimate of contributions from the non-linear regime, appears
to be necessary before firm conclusions on the correct interpretation of the
data can be drawn.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures. Comments and references added, Fig. 1 modified.
Version accepted for publication in JCA
Eguchi-Hanson Solitons in Odd Dimensions
We present a new class of solutions in odd dimensions to Einstein's equations
containing either a positive or negative cosmological constant. These solutions
resemble the even-dimensional Eguchi-Hanson-(A)dS metrics, with the added
feature of having Lorentzian signatures. They are asymptotic to
(A)dS. In the AdS case their energy is negative relative to that of
pure AdS. We present perturbative evidence in 5 dimensions that such metrics
are the states of lowest energy in their asymptotic class, and present a
conjecture that this is generally true for all such metrics. In the dS case
these solutions have a cosmological horizon. We show that their mass at future
infinity is less than that of pure dS.Comment: 26 pages, Late
Combined Reconstruction and Registration of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has the potential to en-
hance breast cancer detection by reducing the confounding e ect of su-
perimposed tissue associated with conventional mammography. In addi-
tion the increased volumetric information should enable temporal datasets
to be more accurately compared, a task that radiologists routinely apply
to conventional mammograms to detect the changes associated with ma-
lignancy. In this paper we address the problem of comparing DBT data
by combining reconstruction of a pair of temporal volumes with their reg-
istration. Using a simple test object, and DBT simulations from in vivo
breast compressions imaged using MRI, we demonstrate that this com-
bined reconstruction and registration approach produces improvements
in both the reconstructed volumes and the estimated transformation pa-
rameters when compared to performing the tasks sequentially
Non-classical symmetries and the singular manifold method: A further two examples
This paper discusses two equations with the conditional Painleve property.
The usefulness of the singular manifold method as a tool for determining the
non-classical symmetries that reduce the equations to ordinary differential
equations with the Painleve property is confirmed once moreComment: 9 pages (latex), to appear in Journal of Physics
Double scaling limits of random matrices and minimal (2m,1) models: the merging of two cuts in a degenerate case
In this article, we show that the double scaling limit correlation functions
of a random matrix model when two cuts merge with degeneracy (i.e. when
for arbitrary values of the integer ) are the same as the
determinantal formulae defined by conformal models. Our approach
follows the one developed by Berg\`{e}re and Eynard in \cite{BergereEynard} and
uses a Lax pair representation of the conformal models (giving
Painlev\'e II integrable hierarchy) as suggested by Bleher and Eynard in
\cite{BleherEynard}. In particular we define Baker-Akhiezer functions
associated to the Lax pair to construct a kernel which is then used to compute
determinantal formulae giving the correlation functions of the double scaling
limit of a matrix model near the merging of two cuts.Comment: 37 pages, 4 figures. Presentation improved, typos corrected.
Published in Journal Of Statistical Mechanic
A generalized linear Hubble law for an inhomogeneous barotropic Universe
In this work, I present a generalized linear Hubble law for a barotropic
spherically symmetric inhomogeneous spacetime, which is in principle compatible
with the acceleration of the cosmic expansion obtained as a result of high
redshift Supernovae data. The new Hubble function, defined by this law, has two
additional terms besides an expansion one, similar to the usual volume
expansion one of the FLRW models, but now due to an angular expansion. The
first additional term is dipolar and is a consequence of the existence of a
kinematic acceleration of the observer, generated by a negative gradient of
pressure or of mass-energy density. The second one is quadrupolar and due to
the shear. Both additional terms are anisotropic for off-centre observers,
because of to their dependence on a telescopic angle of observation. This
generalized linear Hubble law could explain, in a cosmological setting, the
observed large scale flow of matter, without to have recourse to peculiar
velocity-type newtonian models. It is pointed out also, that the matter dipole
direction should coincide with the CBR dipole one.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, to be published in Class. Quantum Gra
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Modification of cell wall properties in lettuce improves shelf life
It is proposed that post-harvest longevity and appearance of salad crops is closely linked to pre-harvest leaf morphology (cell and leaf size) and biophysical structure (leaf strength). Transgenic lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa cv. Valeria) were produced in which the production of the cell wall-modifying enzyme xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) was down-regulated by antisense inhibition. Independently transformed lines were shown to have multiple members of the LsXTH gene family down-regulated in mature leaves of 6-week-old plants and during the course of shelf life. Consequently, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) enzyme activity and action were down-regulated in the cell walls of these leaves and it was established that leaf area and fresh weight were decreased while leaf strength was increased in the transgenic lines. Membrane permeability was reduced towards the end of shelf life in the transgenic lines relative to the controls and bacteria were evident inside the leaves of control plants only. Most importantly, an extended shelf-life of transgenic lines was observed relative to the non-transgenic control plants. These data illustrate the potential for engineering cell wall traits for improving quality and longevity of salad crops using either genetic modification directly, or by using markers associated with XTH genes to inform a commercial breeding programme
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