A ordenha da vaca leiteira.

O presente trabalho aborda sobre os cuidados para com a ordenha da vaca leiteira, na perspectiva de melhorar ou manter um desempenho ideal das vacas produtoras de leite.bitstream/item/24719/1/cot319-ordenhadavacaleiteira.pd

Manejo da vaca leiteira.

O presente documento aborda sobre os cuidados para com o rebanho leiteiro, visando melhorar ou manter um desempenho ideal das vacas produtoras de leite.bitstream/item/24717/1/cot318-manejodavacaleiteira.pd

Núcleo de conservação de recursos genéticos animais da Amazônia Oriental (BAGAM).

O Brasil possui rica biodiversidade de animais, nativos e exóticos, sendo importante o estabelecimento de um programa de conservação de recursos genéticos animais, especificamente para aquelas raças e/ou grupos genéticos ameaçados. Na Amazônia Oriental os búfalos da raça Carabao e do tipo Baio, assim como o cavalo Marajoara e o minicavalo Puruca, vem sofrendo graves pressões de acasalamentos e cruzamentos desordenados, colocando em grande risco de descaracterização e de desaparecimento dessas pequenas populações. Diante de tudo isso o trabalho objetiva acompanhar as ações de conservação genética no Banco de Germoplasma Animal da Amazônia Oriental (BAGAM), que visam conter a ameaça sobre esses grupos, com ênfase na coleta, caracterização, documentação, intercâmbio de conhecimentos do germoplasma de bubalinos e equinos da Amazônia Oriental

Observações preliminares sobre o parasitismo natural por Toxocara vitulorum em búfalos jovens em Rondônia, Brasil.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar a prevalência de Toxocara vitulorum no rebanho bubalino do Campo Experimental de Presidente Médici, da Embrapa Rondônia

Diagnóstico da infecção por Toxocara vitulorum em búfalos jovens através de técnica de flutuação simples.

A técnica de flutuação simples de ovos de helmintos para o diagnóstico de Toxocara vitulorum em amostras de fezes foi adaptada para ser utilizada em búfalos jovens devido a baixa quantidade de fezes coletada nestes animais. A validação da metodologia foi feita com a técnica de contagem de ovos por grama - OPG de Gordon & Whitlock modificada. Amostras fecais foram coletadas diretamente da ampola retal em bezerros bubalinos com idade entre 15 e 60 dias criados no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Rondônia, no município de Presidente Médici, RO. As amostras foram analisadas no Laboratório de Sanidade Animal da Embrapa Rondônia, onde foram processadas pela técnica de Gordon & Whitlock modificada e pela técnica de flutuação simples adaptada para a utilização de cerca de 0.05g de fezes. As validações dos resultados entre as duas técnicas mostraram uma similaridade de 90%, onde o erro do tipo falso positivo foi de 2% e falso negativo de 8%. Essa taxa de erro ocorrida na flutuação simples adaptada foi proveniente de amostras com quantidades baixas de ovos, resultando também a ocorrência de erros de detecção do método de Gordon & Whitlock. Os resultados entre as duas técnicas mostraram que é possível realizar o diagnóstico qualitativo da infecção por T. vitulorum e outras helmintoses através da técnica de flutuação simples utilizando-se pequenas quantidades de fezes.bitstream/CPAF-RO-2010/14561/1/63-bufalos.pd

The application of predictive modelling for determining bio-environmental factors affecting the distribution of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Gilgel Gibe watershed in Southwest Ethiopia

Blackflies are important macroinvertebrate groups from a public health as well as ecological point of view. Determining the biological and environmental factors favouring or inhibiting the existence of blackflies could facilitate biomonitoring of rivers as well as control of disease vectors. The combined use of different predictive modelling techniques is known to improve identification of presence/absence and abundance of taxa in a given habitat. This approach enables better identification of the suitable habitat conditions or environmental constraints of a given taxon. Simuliidae larvae are important biological indicators as they are abundant in tropical aquatic ecosystems. Some of the blackfly groups are also important disease vectors in poor tropical countries. Our investigations aim to establish a combination of models able to identify the environmental factors and macroinvertebrate organisms that are favourable or inhibiting blackfly larvae existence in aquatic ecosystems. The models developed using macroinvertebrate predictors showed better performance than those based on environmental predictors. The identified environmental and macroinvertebrate parameters can be used to determine the distribution of blackflies, which in turn can help control river blindness in endemic tropical places. Through a combination of modelling techniques, a reliable method has been developed that explains environmental and biological relationships with the target organism, and, thus, can serve as a decision support tool for ecological management strategies

Alstonine as an Antipsychotic: Effects on Brain Amines and Metabolic Changes

Managing schizophrenia has never been a trivial matter. Furthermore, while classical antipsychotics induce extrapyramidal side effects and hyperprolactinaemia, atypical antipsychotics lead to diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and weight gain. Moreover, even with newer drugs, a sizable proportion of patients do not show significant improvement. Alstonine is an indole alkaloid identified as the major component of a plant-based remedy used in Nigeria to treat the mentally ill. Alstonine presents a clear antipsychotic profile in rodents, apparently with differential effects in distinct dopaminergic pathways. The aim of this study was to complement the antipsychotic profile of alstonine, verifying its effects on brain amines in mouse frontal cortex and striatum. Additionally, we examined if alstonine induces some hormonal and metabolic changes common to antipsychotics. HPLC data reveal that alstonine increases serotonergic transmission and increases intraneuronal dopamine catabolism. In relation to possible side effects, preliminary data suggest that alstonine does not affect prolactin levels, does not induce gains in body weight, but prevents the expected fasting-induced decrease in glucose levels. Overall, this study reinforces the proposal that alstonine is a potential innovative antipsychotic, and that a comprehensive understanding of its neurochemical basis may open new avenues to developing newer antipsychotic medications

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention for labour and birth care in Brazilian private hospitals: a protocol

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: In Brazilian private hospitals, caesarean section (CS) is almost universal (88%) and is integrated into the model of birth care. A quality improvement intervention, “Adequate Birth” (PPA), based on four driving components (governance, participation of women and families, reorganisation of care, and monitoring), has been implemented to help 23 hospitals reduce their CS rate. This is a protocol designed to evaluate the implementation of PPA and its effectiveness at reducing CS as a primary outcome of birth care. Methods: Case study of PPA intervention conducted in 2017/2018. We integrated quantitative and qualitative methods into data collection and analysis. For the quantitative stage, we selected a convenient sample of twelve hospitals. In each of these hospitals, we included 400 women. This resulted in a total sample of 4800 women. We used this sample to detect a 2.5% reduction in CS rate. We interviewed managers and puerperal women, and extracted data from hospital records. In the qualitative stage, we evaluated a subsample of eight hospitals by means of systematic observation and semi-structured interviews with managers, health professionals and women. We used specific forms for each of the four PPA driving components. Forms for managers and professionals addressed the decision-making process, implemented strategies, participatory process in strategy design, and healthcare practice. Forms for women and neonatal care addressed socio-economic, demographic and health condition; prenatal and birth care; tour of the hospital before delivery; labour expectation vs. real experience; and satisfaction with care received. We will estimate the degree of implementation of PPA strategies related to two of the four driving components: “participation of women and families” and “reorganisation of care”. We will then assess its effect on CS rate and secondary outcomes for each of the twelve selected hospitals, and for the total sample. To allow for clinical, socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics in women, we will conduct multivariate analysis. Additionally, we will evaluate the influence of internal context variables (the PPA driving components “governance” and “monitoring”) on the degree of implementation of the components “participation of women and families” and “reorganisation of care”, by means of thematic content analysis. This analysis will include both quantitative and qualitative data. Discussion: The effectiveness of quality improvement interventions that reduce CS rates requires examination. This study will identify strategies that could promote healthier births

Produção de gado de corte no Estado de Rondônia: uma proposta de sistema melhorado.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de sistema melhorado para o Estado de Rondônia, como alternativa ao sistema praticado pela maioria dos produtores dessa região.bitstream/CNPGC-2010/13217/1/COT112.pd

Hypovitaminosis A: cofactor of deleterious clinic outcome in human being

Importante foco de atenção em Saúde Pública tem sido a avaliação de determinados micronutrientes no ser humano, em especial aqueles que se encontram associados à vulnerabilidade orgânica, conseqüente ao desiquilíbrio ou à deficiência desses micronutrientes. Entre os micronutrientes, a hipovitaminose A tem sido objeto de realce devido à significante prevalência em populações de países em desenvolvimento. Este artigo aborda a Vitamina A, enfocando seu metabolismo e as repercussões deletérias, decorrentes de sua deficiência sobre o organismo, suas manifestações no ciclo gravidopuerperal, e sua interação em situações clínicas, específicas.An important focus of attention in Public Health has been micronutrient deficiency in human being because of the enhanced vulnerability of individuals to the effects of micronutrient deficiency or imbalance. Among all micronutrients deficiencies, vitamin A has been one of the most important public health problems, affecting a large percentage of people in developing countries. This article focus on a review of vitamin A metabolism, deleterious repercussions and association with several clinical and obstetrics conditions. It highlights hypovitaminosis A as cofactor of deleterious clinic outcome in human being